01860nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245013100055210006900186260005700255300001400312490000700326520111700333100002901450700003001479700001901509700001801528856013201546       2011                        eng d  a0022-246100aSynthesis and photopolymerization kinetics of linear alicyclic urethane acrylate macromonomer in presence of reactive diluents0 aSynthesis and photopolymerization kinetics of linear alicyclic u  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcAPR  a2221-22280 v463 a<p>This study deals with the photopolymerization of a macromonomer in the presence of reactive diluents using Photo Differential Scanning Calorimetry or Photo DSC. The kinetic profiles of these systems showed that the rate of photopolymerization rapidly increases at very early stages of the reaction. The rate of reaction was further found to increase with the addition of crosslinking agents. The addition of trifunctional crosslinking agent to the macromonomeric formulation resulted in a higher polymerization rate and conversion than that of a difunctional crosslinking agent. From the heat flow profiles, the kinetic parameters such as induction time, time to attain peak maximum, rate of maximum polymerization, and final conversion were noted for all the formulations. The initiation of photopolymerization was found to depend on the functionality while the in situ viscosity controlled the time scale for reaction diffusion which resulted in varying levels of conversions. Other parameters such as effect of temperature and concentration of photoinitiator on photocuring kinetics are also discussed.</p>1 aHarikrishna, Reghunathan1 aBhosle, Sonali, Madhavrao1 aPonrathnam, S.1 aRajan, C., R.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-and-photopolymerization-kinetics-linear-alicyclic-urethane-acrylate-macromonomer-001894nas a2200397   4500008004100000245007400041210006900115260000800184520048600192100002000678700003100698700003500729700003100764700002800795700003300823700002500856700004300881700002400924700003100948700001900979700003000998700002901028700002701057700002901084700003001113700003401143700003001177700002501207700002401232700001901256700003001275700002901305700002701334700003101361856010401392       2012                        eng d00aAmino functionalized oligo polyimides with enhanced storage stability0 aAmino functionalized oligo polyimides with enhanced storage stab  cJUL3 a<p>The invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of amino functionalized oligomeric monomeric reactant type polyimides having higher stability. More particularly it relates to a process for the preparation of soluble imide prepolymers, used as matrix resins that can be rapidly cured with multi-functional moieties such as diepoxy, dicarboxyl, anhydride, diisocyanates to form crosslinked structures having enhanced thermal stability and mechanical strength.</p>1 aDwivedi, Mayank1 aRao, Locanindi, Hari Sarvo1 aMohan, Srinivasulu, Reddy Kris1 aDhanasekharan, Janakiraman1 aRao, Bevara, Madhusudan1 aKumar, Sriperambudur, Rajesh1 aPonrathnam, Surendra1 aRajan, Chelanattukizhakkemadath, Raman1 aTayal, Rajiv, Kumar1 aShadbar, Qureshi, Mohammed1 aChavan, Nayaku1 aDeokar, Sarika, Babasaheb1 aMulani, Khudbudin, Baban1 aGhorpade, Ravindra, V.1 aBhongale, Sunil, Sitaram1 aNalawade, Archana, Chetan1 aSontakke, Kalpana, Vishwanath1 aBhosle, Sonali, Madhavrao1 aMule, Smita, Atmaram1 aDhoble, Deepa, Arun1 aJohn, Aruldoss1 aShaikh, Wasif, Abdul Late1 aHarikrishna, Reghunathan1 aPunitharasu, Vellimala1 aMomin, Mohasin, Shamshuddi  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/amino-functionalized-oligo-polyimides-enhanced-storage-stability01876nas a2200397   4500008004100000245007700041210006900118260000800187520046300195100002900658700002900687700003000716700001900746700004300765700003000808700002400838700002000862700002700882700002900909700003100938700001900969700003200988700003101020700002901051700002501080700003001105700002801135700003101163700002401194700003001218700003401248700003101282700003301313700002501346856010701371       2012                        eng d00aEthyl oligo-silicates with strong acid heterogeneous polymeric catalysts0 aEthyl oligosilicates with strong acid heterogeneous polymeric ca  cMAY3 a<p>The present invention provides a process for the synthesis of ethyl silicate with varying silica concentration, by hydrolysing ethyl silicate in varying water concentration in the presence of sulfonated catalysts having a styrene-divinyl benzene backbone. The present invention further relates to the preparation of beaded crosslinked polymers containing sulfonic acid moieties having an interconnected pore structure and surface area up to 400 m2 /g.</p>1 aBevara, Madhusudana, Rao1 aBhongale, Sunil, Sitaram1 aBhosle, Sonali, Madhavrao1 aChavan, Nayaku1 aChelanattukizhakkemadath, Raman, Rajan1 aDeokar, Sarika, Babasaheb1 aDhoble, Deepa, Arun1 aDwivedi, Mayank1 aGhorpade, Ravindra, V.1 aHarikrishna, Reghunathan1 aDhanasekharan, Janakiraman1 aJohn, Aruldoss1 aLocanindi, Hari, Sarvothama1 aMomin, Mohasin, Shamshuddi1 aMulani, Khudbudin, Baban1 aMule, Smita, Atmaram1 aNalawade, Archana, Chetan1 aPunitharasu, Vellimalai1 aQureshi, Mohammed, Shadbar1 aKumar, Tayal, Rajiv1 aShaikh, Wasif, Abdul Late1 aSontakke, Kalpana, Vishwanath1 aReddy, Krishna, Mohan Srin1 aSriperambudur, Rajesh, Kumar1 aPonrathnam, Surendra  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ethyl-oligo-silicates-strong-acid-heterogeneous-polymeric-catalysts02043nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245008800055210006900143260007400212300000900286490000700295520112300302653003401425653001401459653002401473653003301497100002701530700003001557700001901587700001801606700001901624700002901643856011701672       2012                        eng d  a1022-976000aPhotopolymerization kinetics of 2-phenylethyl (meth) acrylates studied by photo DSC0 aPhotopolymerization kinetics of 2phenylethyl meth acrylates stud  aVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDSbSPRINGERcJAN  a98110 v193 a<p>The present work deals with the photopolymerization of 2-phenylethyl (meth)acrylates and estimation of their kinetic parameters. Formulations were made by independently homogenizing the monomers with photoinitiators of two different classes. Two different compositions of photoinitiators were used to study the effect of concentration of photoinitiator on cure kinetics. These compositions obtained were tested for photo curing performance using differential photocalorimetry (DPC) or photo DSC under polychromatic radiation. The heat flow against time was recorded for all formulations under isothermal conditions and the rates of polymerization as well as the percentage conversions were estimated. It was observed that due to a longer timescale for reaction diffusion, the methacrylate formulations showed a higher conversion than acrylate formulations. Other parameters such as induction time, maximum rate and conversion attained as well as the time to attain peak maximum were noted. The photopolymerization and kinetic estimations of the formulations including evaluation of kinetic models are discussed.</p>10aBimolecular termination model10aPhoto DSC10aPhotopolymerization10aVariable autocatalytic model1 aGhorpade, Ravindra, V.1 aBhosle, Sonali, Madhavrao1 aPonrathnam, S.1 aRajan, C., R.1 aChavan, Nayaku1 aHarikrishna, Reghunathan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/photopolymerization-kinetics-2-phenylethyl-meth-acrylates-studied-photo-dsc-001871nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245017100055210006900226260007400295300001200369490000800381520094500389653002401334653001301358653003101371653002401402100002901426700001901455700001801474700001801492856013101510       2013                        eng d  a1388-615000aPhotopolymerization of bis-aromatic and alicyclic based solid urethane acrylate macromonomer in the presence of large excess of reactive diluent Kinetics and modeling0 aPhotopolymerization of bisaromatic and alicyclic based solid ure  aVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDSbSPRINGERcMAY  a805-8130 v1123 a<p>A solid urethane acrylate macromonomer with bis-aromatic as well as alicyclic moieties was synthesized and the kinetics of photopolymerization reactions were studied in the presence of varying concentration of photoinitiator and large excess of reactive diluent using photo DSC. The studies show that the rate of maximum polymerization was found to increase with increase in concentration of photoinitiator while a decrease was observed by an increase in temperature. The final conversion showed a decrease at highest isothermal condition due to vitrification. Estimation of kinetic parameters including applicability of autocatalytic and modified autocatalytic models were investigated by nonlinear regression. It was observed that the modified models gave a better fit with the experimental data and kinetic parameters showed a decrease with increase in temperature and an increase with increase in concentration of photoinitiator.</p>10aAutocatalytic model10akinetics10aLevenberg-Marquardt method10aPhotopolymerization1 aHarikrishna, Reghunathan1 aPonrathnam, S.1 aRajan, C., R.1 aTambe, S., S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/photopolymerization-bis-aromatic-and-alicyclic-based-solid-urethane-acrylate-macromonomer-001889nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260008800241300001200329490000700341520109100348653003201439653003301471653001901504653001401523100002901537856012901566       2014                        eng d  a1060-132500aKinetics of photocationically curable formulations involving glycerol diglycidyl ether and phenyl glycidyl ether0 aKinetics of photocationically curable formulations involving gly  a530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USAbTAYLOR & FRANCIS INCcOCT  a788-7950 v513 a<p>Kinetic analysis of formulations based on glycerol diglycidyl ether and phenyl glycidyl ether were carried out in the presence of sulfonium salt as initiator at 35 mW cm(-2) using photo differential scanning calorimeter and the final conversion was found to increase with an increase in phenyl glycidyl ether content. The effects of formulation monomer ratios at three different temperatures were studied. The variations in the observed kinetic parameters can be related to increase in mobility of reactive species with temperature, distance of counter ion from the propagating cationic center, as well as extent of crosslinking reaction which controlled the course and duration of the reaction. The applicability of autocatalytic kinetic model was also evaluated and the system underwent early gelation and the activation energy decreased with an increase in phenyl glycidyl ether content. Analysis of stable photocured films containing glycerol diglycidyl ether and phenyl glycidyl ether showed better thermal stability than rigid films obtained with glycerol diglycidyl ether.</p>10aautocatalytic kinetic model10aCationic photopolymerization10aGlycidyl ether10aPhoto DSC1 aHarikrishna, Reghunathan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/kinetics-photocationically-curable-formulations-involving-glycerol-diglycidyl-ether-and-001996nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260006900247300001200316490000700328520115900335653003401494653001301528653001701541653002401558100002901582700001901611700001801630856013001648       2014                        eng d  a0300-944000aPhotopolymerization kinetics of bis-aromatic based urethane acrylate macromonomers in the presence of reactive diluent0 aPhotopolymerization kinetics of bisaromatic based urethane acryl  aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcJAN  a225-2310 v773 a<p>The present work deals with the photopolymerization of bis-aromatic based urethane acrylate macromonomers in the presence of excess end capping agent as reactive diluent and estimation of their kinetic parameters. Formulations were made by independently homogenizing the macromonomers with photoinitiators of three different classes. Three different compositions of photoinitiators were used to study the effect of concentration of photoinitiator on cure kinetics. These compositions obtained were tested for photo curing performance using photo DSC under polychromatic radiation. The heat flows against time were recorded for all formulations under isothermal condition and the rates of polymerization, peak maximum times as well as the percentage conversions were estimated. It was observed that due to a longer timescale for reaction diffusion, formulations with macromonomer containing propoxylated backbone showed higher conversions than the corresponding ethoxylated analogue. The photopolymerization and kinetic estimations of the formulations including evaluation of kinetic model are discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aBimolecular termination model10akinetics10aMacromonomer10aPhotopolymerization1 aHarikrishna, Reghunathan1 aPonrathnam, S.1 aRajan, C., R.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/photopolymerization-kinetics-bis-aromatic-based-urethane-acrylate-macromonomers-presence-001997nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245013000055210006900185260009200254300000800346490000700354520104500361653002001406653003301426653002401459653003001483100002901513700001901542700001901561700001801580700002901598856012801627       2014                        eng d  a1385-772X00aPhotopolymerization of high internal phase emulsions based on 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylates and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate0 aPhotopolymerization of high internal phase emulsions based on 2e  a4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLANDbTAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDcJAN  a1-60 v173 a<p>Photopolymerization of high internal phase emulsions based on 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylates and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was carried out in presence of low concentration of different photoinitiators. The stable emulsions obtained by mixing with individual photoinitiators were subjected to low-intensity photopolymerization under UV-Visible lamp. Identical samples were irradiated for differing periods ranging from 2 to 10min at an interval of 2min. The percentage conversions of each monomer in the compositions with respect to the time of irradiation were determined using gas chromatography. It was observed that the formulations containing IRGACURE 819 showed the highest conversion while that containing IRGACURE 2959 showed the least conversion. The former showed high conversion due to the proximity of the absorption maxima of photoinitiator to the major emission line of mercury spectrum at 365nm while the latter showed least conversion due to non-availability of major absorption maxima within the irradiation range.</p>10a(meth)acrylates10ahigh internal phase emulsion10aPhotopolymerization10aresidual monomer analysis1 aHarikrishna, Reghunathan1 aShaikh, A., W.1 aPonrathnam, S.1 aRajan, C., R.1 aBhongale, Sunil, Sitaram  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/photopolymerization-high-internal-phase-emulsions-based-2-ethylhexyl-methacrylates-and-002279nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260007300240300001200313490000800325520144300333653002401776653001301800653003101813653002401844100002901868700001901897700001801916856012701934       2014                        eng d  a0168-583X00aReaction kinetics and modeling of photoinitiated cationic polymerization of an alicyclic based diglycidyl ether0 aReaction kinetics and modeling of photoinitiated cationic polyme  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJAN  a263-2680 v3183 a<p>Photoinitiated cationic polymerization of cycloaliphatic diepoxides had received tremendous attention, while studies with lesser polymerizable diglycidyl ethers are comparatively less reported. The present work deals with the photoinitiated cationic polymerization of cyclohexane dimethanol diglycidyl ether followed by estimation of kinetic parameters. The effects of concentration of photoinitiator and temperature on curing performance were studied using photo differential scanning calorimeter or photo DSC with polychromatic radiation. It was observed that the rate of polymerization as well as ultimate conversion increased with increasing concentration of photoinitiator and temperature. The influences of gelation as well as diffusional restrictions have remarkable effect on cure performance. The kinetic parameters as per autocatalytic kinetic model were studied by Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear regression method instead of conventional linear method for obtaining more accurate values of apparent rate constant. It was observed that the model fits with data from initial stages to almost towards the end of the reaction. The activation energy was found to be higher than the values reported for more reactive cycloaliphatic diepoxides. The value of pre-exponential factor increased with increase in activation energy showing influence of gelation at early stages of reaction. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAutocatalytic model10akinetics10aLevenberg-Marquardt method10aPhotopolymerization1 aHarikrishna, Reghunathan1 aPonrathnam, S.1 aTambe, S., S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/reaction-kinetics-and-modeling-photoinitiated-cationic-polymerization-alicyclic-based-002476nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245014700055210006900202260008600271300001200357490000700369520144100376653001401817653001801831653002001849653002601869653002201895653002001917100001901937700001901956700001701975700001901992700002902011700002902040856012902069       2015                        eng d  a1060-132500aAmbient temperature photocopolymerization of tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate and isobornyl methacrylate: reactivity ratios and thermal studies0 aAmbient temperature photocopolymerization of tetrahydrofurfuryl   a530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USAbTAYLOR & FRANCIS INCcDEC  a982-9910 v523 a<p>Photocopolymerization of heterocyclic monomer namely, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate with bulky bicyclic monomer, isobornyl methacrylate with different feed ratios was carried out in bulk with low concentration of an -hydroxyl ketone based photoinitiator. The ambient temperature photocopolymerization was carried out by using a UV-Visible lamp with fixed low intensity of 0.4mW cm(-2) for a period of 6min. The residual monomer remained in the polymerization process were determined by using gas chromatography. The reactivity ratio values for the two monomers were calculated from the copolymer composition data by using Fineman-Ross, Kelen-Tudos, Extended Kelen-Tudos and Mao-Huglin methods. Individually, as well as the average of all the methods revealed that the monomer reactivity ratios of tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate were higher than isobornyl methacrylate. The dyad sequence distribution and dyad sequence lengths were calculated using the Igarashi and Pyun method and the sequence length distribution for tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate was observed to be higher with an increase in its feed content. This supports the reactivity ratio studies that a higher monomer reactivity ratio value for tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate was observed as compared to its comonomer. The thermal studies showed that the glass transition temperatures of the copolymers increased with an increase in isobornyl methacrylate content.</p>10aCopolymer10amethacrylates10amicro structure10aphotocopolymerization10areactivity ratios10athermal studies1 aRajdeo, K., S.1 aPonrathnam, S.1 aPardeshi, S.1 aChavan, Nayaku1 aBhongale, Sunil, Sitaram1 aHarikrishna, Reghunathan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ambient-temperature-photocopolymerization-tetrahydrofurfuryl-methacrylate-and-isobornyl-001894nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245015100055210006900206260007400275300001400349490000800363520107500371653001301446653002101459653001301480653001301493653002401506100002901530856012901559       2015                        eng d  a1388-615000aCationic photopolymerization kinetics of neat coating formulations involving poly(propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether and glycerol diglycidyl ether0 aCationic photopolymerization kinetics of neat coating formulatio  aVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDSbSPRINGERcDEC  a1445-14540 v1223 a<p>Kinetic analysis of formulations based on poly(propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether and glycerol diglycidyl ether was carried out using photodifferential scanning calorimeter. The effects of formulation monomer ratios at different temperatures were studied as photocalorimetric optimization studies of formulation ratios involving diglycidyl ethers are less reported. The nature of cure was found to depend more on the in situ physical parameters rather than on the mechanism of the reaction. The variations in the observed kinetic parameters can be related to interplay of mobility of reactive species, distance of counter ion and the diffusional restrictions. The final conversion was found to increase with increase in poly(propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether content, while the thermal stability increased with an increase in glycerol diglycidyl ether content. Autocatalytic kinetic model was also evaluated, and the system underwent early gelation. The studies show that the intermediate formulations are promising compositions for surface-coating applications.</p>10aCoatings10aDiglycidyl ether10akinetics10aPhotoDSC10aPhotopolymerization1 aHarikrishna, Reghunathan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/cationic-photopolymerization-kinetics-neat-coating-formulations-involving-polypropylene-002578nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245020200055210006900257260006900326300001000395490000800405520168600413653001902099653001502118653001802133653001302151653002402164653002302188100002902211856012002240       2015                        eng d  a1010-603000aInhibition effect of N,N-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxy aniline on photosensitized cationic polymerization of formulations involving resorcinol diglycidyl ether and poly(propylene glycol)diglycidyl ether0 aInhibition effect of NNdiglycidyl4glycidyloxy aniline on photose  aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcAPR  a17-270 v3033 a<p>Cationic photopolymerization studies of poly(propylene glycol)diglycidyl ether with and without 25 wt% of resorcinol diglycidyl ether were carried out in presence of bis(4-methylphenyl)iodonium hexafluorophosphate as photoinitiator. Analyses were carried out using polychromatic radiation at different temperatures in a photo differential scanning calorimeter. The formulations showed an enhancement in the rate of polymerization on addition of resorcinol diglycidyl ether. The same formulations when subjected to photosensitized polymerization in presence of 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one, showed a reverse behavior in rate due to partial absorption of radiation by resorcinol diglycidyl ether. Studies carried out on by the addition of N,N-diglycidy1-4-glycidyloxy aniline as inhibitor on the photosensitized formulations showed higher scavenging activity by inhibitor. The addition of nitrogen containing epoxy monomer as inhibitor can lead to its possible crosslinking within the matrix on polymerization along with a decrease in rate of polymerization without compromising on the final observed conversion. This effect can occur readily for non vitrifying systems. Thus, this observation provides an insight into its possible usage in a rate controlled photopolymerizable epoxy formulations. The photopolymerization kinetics were found to depend on the nature of generation, propagation and scavenging of active centers which are heavily dependent on diffusional restrictions imparted by in situ viscosity of the system. The kinetic estimations as well as evaluation of autocatalytic kinetic model are investigated. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aGlycidyl ether10aInhibition10akinetic model10akinetics10aPhotopolymerization10aPhotosensitization1 aHarikrishna, Reghunathan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/inhibition-effect-nn-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxy-aniline-photosensitized-cationic-0