02073nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149260006800218300001400286490000800300520127700308653002401585653002501609100002901634700002101663700002801684700002701712856012801739 2007 eng d a0021-899500aSynthesis and characterization of new aromatic polyesters containing biphenyl side groups0 aSynthesis and characterization of new aromatic polyesters contai a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbJOHN WILEY & SONS INCcDEC a3105-31100 v1063 a

Aromatic polyesters containing biphenyl side groups were synthesized by phase-transfer catalyzed interfacial polycondensation of 1-(4-biphenylyl)-1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane (BBHPE) with terephthaloyl chloride (TPC), isophthaloyl chloride (IPC), and a mixture of TPC/IPC (50: 50 mol ratio). Copolyesters were synthesized by utilizing different molar proportions of BBHPE and 4,4-isopropylidenediphenol (BPA) with IPC and TPC. The inherent viscosities of polyesters were in the range 0.44-1.26 dL/g. All the polyesters were soluble in organic solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, meta-cresol, pyridine, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidmone. Tough, transparent, and flexible films could be cast from chloroform solutions of these polyesters. WAXD measurements indicated that all the polyesters and copolyesters were amorphous in nature. Glass transition temperature of polyesters were in the range 198-256 degrees C, while the initial degradation temperature of polyesters were in the range 444-481 degrees C. Copolyesters derived from BBHPE exhibited improved solubility and higher glass transition temperatures compared to the corresponding polyesters based on BPA. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

10aAromatic polyesters10abiphenyl side groups1 aHonkhambe, Pandurang, N.1 aAvadhani, C., V.1 aWadgaonkar, Prakash, P.1 aSalunkhe, Manikrao, M. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-and-characterization-new-aromatic-polyesters-containing-biphenyl-side-groups-001095nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245007300055210006800128260008600196300001800282490000700300520024800307653000600555653002500561653003900586653002700625653002300652653004800675100002100723700001400744856010700758 2009 eng d a1060-132500aPoly(amide-imide)-silica gel hybrids: synthesis and characterization0 aPolyamideimidesilica gel hybrids synthesis and characterization a325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USAbTAYLOR & FRANCIS INCcMAY aPII 9097392480 v463 a

{Several poly(amide-imide)-silica gel hybrids containing metal salts were prepared by the sol-gel reaction. Poly(amide-imide)s were prepared by low temperature polycondensation reaction of trimellitic anhydride (TMA) and diisocyanates [

10a210a4-diphenyl thiophene10a5-Bis(4-carboxymethylene phenyl) 310apoly(amide-hydrazide)s10aThermal properties10aYamazaki's phosphorylation polycondensation1 aAvadhani, C., V.1 aChujo, Y. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/polyamide-imide-silica-gel-hybrids-synthesis-and-characterization-001998nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245007300055210006900128260005700197300001200254490000700266520118700273653002201460653001501482653003301497653003101530653003701561100002001598700001901618700002101637856011001658 2009 eng d a0170-083900aPolypropylene-organoclay nanocomposites containing nucleating agents0 aPolypropyleneorganoclay nanocomposites containing nucleating age a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcDEC a897-9090 v633 a

Polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites containing nucleating agents, viz., aluminum hydroxybis[2,2-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (NA21) and 1,3:2,4-bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol (Millad 3988), were prepared by direct melt intercalation in a twin-screw extruder. Nucleating agents were added to polypropylene during compounding and their effect on the properties of the nanocomposites was studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) exhibited clay layers to be intercalated and partially exfoliated. The expansion of inter-gallery distance of the clay layers was governed by the interaction between polypropylene, compatibilizer, and different nucleating agents. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated higher thermal stability and crystallization temperature for nanocomposites compared to virgin polymer. Even a small addition of the nanoscale filler with 0.2% nucleating agents was found to promote concurrently several PP material properties, including improved tensile characteristics, higher Young's modulus, increased thermal stability and rate of crystallization.

10aNucleating agents10aorganoclay10aPolypropylene nanocomposites10aThermogravimetric analysis10atransmission electron microscopy1 aGhugare, S., V.1 aGovindaiah, P.1 aAvadhani, C., V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/polypropylene-organoclay-nanocomposites-containing-nucleating-agents-002232nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260010600214300001200320490000700332520133100339653002801670653003301698653002901731653001501760100002801775700002601803700002101829700002801850856012401878 2009 eng d a0014-305700aSynthesis and characterization of new polyimides containing pendent pentadecyl chains0 aSynthesis and characterization of new polyimides containing pend aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcFEB a582-5890 v453 a

A new unsymmetrical aromatic diamine, viz., 4-pentadecylbenzene-1,3-diamine was synthesized through a series of reaction steps starting from 3-pentadecylphenol. 4-Pentadecylbenzene-1,3-diamine was employed to synthesize a series of new polyimides by one-step polycondensation in m-cresol with four commercially available aromatic dianhydrides. viz., 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) and 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6-FDA). Inherent viscosities of resulting polyimides were in the range 0.33-0.67 dL/g and number average molecular weights were in the range 14,700-52,200 (GPC, polystyrene standard). Polyimides containing pendent pentadecyl chains were soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, m-cresol, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), pyridine and nitrobenzene. Strong and flexible films of polyimides could be cast from their chloroform solutions. Polyimides exhibited glass transition temperature in the range 158-206 degrees C. The temperature at 10% wt. loss (T(10)). determined by TGA in nitrogen atmosphere, of polyimides was in the range 470-480 degrees C indicating good thermal stability. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aCashew nut shell liquid10aGlass transition temperature10aPendant pentadecyl chain10apolyimides1 aSadavarte, Nilakshi, V.1 aHalhalli, Mahadeo, R.1 aAvadhani, C., V.1 aWadgaonkar, Prakash, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-and-characterization-new-polyimides-containing-pendent-pentadecyl-chains-003424nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260010600237300001400343490000700357520245500364653003302819653002902852653002202881653002802903653002202931100002802953700002102981700002203002700002803024856013003052 2010 eng d a0014-305700aRegularly alternating poly(amideimide)s containing pendent pentadecyl chains: synthesis and characterization0 aRegularly alternating polyamideimides containing pendent pentade aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcJUN a1307-13150 v463 a

Two new aromatic diamines containing preformed amide linkages, viz., N,N'-(4-pentadecyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(4-aminobenzamide) I and N,N'-(4-pentadecyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(3-aminobenzamide) II, were synthesized by reaction of 4-pentadecylbenzene-1,3-diamine with 4-nitrobenzoylchloride and 3-nitrobenzoylchloride, followed by reduction of the respective dinitro derivatives. A series of new poly(amideimide)s was synthesized by poly-condensation of I and II with four commercially available aromatic dianhydrides, viz., pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA), and 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6-FDA) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) employing conventional two step method via poly(amic acid) intermediate followed by thermal imidization. Reference poly(amideimide)s were synthesized by polycondensation of N,N'-(1,3-phenylene)bis(4-aminobenzamide) and N,N'-(1,3-phenylene)bis(3-aminobenzamide) with the same aromatic dianhydrides. Inherent viscosities of poly(amideimide)s containing pendent pentadecyl chains were in the range 0.37-1.23 dL/g in N,N-dimethylacetamide at 30 +/- 0.1 degrees C indicating the formation of medium to high molecular weight polymers. The poly(amideimide)s containing pendent pentadecyl chains were found to be soluble in N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and pyridine and could be cast into transparent, flexible and tough films from their N,N-dimethylacetamide solution. Wide angle X-ray diffraction patterns exhibited broad halo indicating that the polymers were essentially amorphous in nature. X-ray diffractograms also displayed sharp reflection in the small angle region (20 approximate to 3 degrees) for poly(amideimide)s containing pentadecyl chains indicating the formation of layered structure arising from packing of flexible pentadecyl chains. The glass transition temperatures observed for reference poly(amideimide)s were in the range 331-275 degrees C and those for poly(amideimide)s containing pendent pentadecyl chains were in the range 185-286 degrees C indicating a large drop in T(g), owing to the ``internal plasticization'' effect of pentadecyl chains. The temperature at 10% weight loss (T(10)), determined by TGA in nitrogen atmosphere, were in the range 460-480 degrees C indicating their good thermal stability. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aGlass transition temperature10aPendent pentadecyl chain10aPoly(amideimide)s10aPreformed amide linkage10athermal stability1 aSadavarte, Nilakshi, V.1 aAvadhani, C., V.1 aNaik, Parimal, V.1 aWadgaonkar, Prakash, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/regularly-alternating-polyamideimides-containing-pendent-pentadecyl-chains-synthesis-and-003033nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245013300055210006900188260008700257300001200344490000700356520213200363653003002495653002102525653001502546653002002561653001502581100002802596700002102624700002802645856013002673 2011 eng d a0954-008300aSynthesis and characterization of new organosoluble aromatic polyamides and polyazomethines containing pendent pentadecyl chains0 aSynthesis and characterization of new organosoluble aromatic pol a1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLANDbSAGE PUBLICATIONS LTDcNOV a494-5050 v233 a

New aromatic polyamides and polyazomethines containing pendent pentadecyl chains were synthesized by polycondensation of pentadecylbenzene-1,3-diamine with (i) four commercially available aromatic diacids, viz., biphenyl-4,4'dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-oxybisbenzoic acid, terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid, and (ii) dialdehydes, viz., terephthaldehyde, isophthaldehyde and a 50 : 50 mol% mixture of terephthaldehyde, and isophthaldehyde, respectively. Inherent viscosities of polyamides and polyazomethines were in the range 0.35-0.56 dL g(-1) and 0.33-0.38 dL g(-1), respectively, indicating the formation of medium molecular weight polymers. The presence of pendent pentadecyl chains in polyamides and polyazomethines led to an improvement in their solubility in organic solvents. Polyamides could be cast into flexible, transparent and tough films from their solution in N,N-dimethylacetamide while polyazomethines could be solution cast into transparent, flexible and stretchable films from their CHCl(3) solution. (1)H-NMR studies based on amide proton signals and azomethine proton signals indicated the presence of constitutional isomerism in the polyamides and polyazomethines. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns exhibited broad halo indicating that the polymers were amorphous in nature. X-ray diffractograms also displayed sharp reflections in the small angle region (2 theta approximate to 3 degrees) indicating the formation of layered structure arising from packing of flexible pentadecyl chains. The glass transition (T(g)) temperatures of polyamides were in the range 169-215 degrees C while T(g) values for polyazomethines were in the range 16-55 degrees C. The temperature for the 10% weight loss of polyamides and polyazomethines were in the range 430-460 degrees C and 425-440 degrees C, respectively, in a nitrogen atmosphere, which indicated their good thermal stability. Polyazomethines were also characterized by UV-Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy and optical band gap (E(g)) values, calculated according to the maximum of the UV absorption, were found to be in the range 2.82-3.10 eV.

10aHigh performance polymers10aoptical band gap10apolyamides10apolyazomethines10asolubility1 aSadavarte, Nilakshi, V.1 aAvadhani, C., V.1 aWadgaonkar, Prakash, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-and-characterization-new-organosoluble-aromatic-polyamides-and-polyazomethines-002333nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260008700242300001200329490000700341520139100348653003001739653002101769653001401790653002601804653003101830100002801861700002201889700002101911700002801932856013101960 2013 eng d a0954-008300aNew organosoluble aromatic poly(esterimide)s containing pendent pentadecyl chains: synthesis and characterization0 aNew organosoluble aromatic polyesterimides containing pendent pe a1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLANDbSAGE PUBLICATIONS LTDcNOV a735-7430 v253 a

A new diimide dicarboxylic acid, namely 2,2-(4-pentadecyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5-carboxylic acid), containing preformed imide rings and pentadecyl chain, was synthesized by the reaction of 4-pentadecylbenzene-1,3-diamine with trimellitic anhydride. A series of new aromatic poly(esterimide)s (PEIs) was synthesized using diphenylchlorophosphate-activated direct polycondensation of 2,2-(4-pentadecyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(1,3-dioxoisoindoline-5-carboxylic acid), with five commercially available bisphenols, namely 4,4-isopropylidenediphenol (I), 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol (II), 4,4-oxydiphenol (III), 4,4-biphenol (IV), and 4,4-(9-fluorenylidene)diphenol (V) in the presence of pyridine and lithium chloride. Inherent viscosities of PEIs were in the range 0.54-0.83dLg(-1) in chloroform (CHCl3) at 30 +/- 0.1 degrees C. PEIs containing pendent pentadecyl chains were soluble in organic solvents such as CHCl3, m-cresol, N, N-dimethylacetamide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, pyridine, and nitrobenzene. Tough, transparent, and flexible films of PEIs could be cast from their CHCl3 solutions. PEIs exhibited glass transition temperature in the range 145-198 degrees C. The temperature at 10% weight loss of PEIs, determined by thermogravimetric analysis under the nitrogen atmosphere, was in the range of 450-470 degrees C indicating good thermal stability.

10apendent pentadecyl chains10aPolycondensation10aPolyimide10aPreformed imide rings10aThermogravimetric analysis1 aSadavarte, Nilakshi, V.1 aPatil, Sachin, S.1 aAvadhani, C., V.1 aWadgaonkar, Prakash, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/new-organosoluble-aromatic-polyesterimides-containing-pendent-pentadecyl-chains-synthesis-001278nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245013000055210006900185260010600254300001200360490000700372520038800379653002100767653002600788653002400814653002600838100002300864700002100887700002800908856012400936 2015 eng d a0014-305700aNew poly(ether urethane)s based on lignin derived aromatic chemicals via A-B monomer approach: synthesis and characterization0 aNew polyether urethanes based on lignin derived aromatic chemica aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcOCT a547-5570 v713 a

{omega-Hydroxyalkyleneoxy benzoyl azides were synthesized starting from lignin-derived phenolic acids (vanillic acid and syringic acid) and omega-haloalkanols (6-chlorohexanol and 11-bromoundecanol). These bio-derived A-B monomers were self-polycondensed to afford poly(ether urethane)s which exhibited reasonably high molecular weights (eta(inh) = 0.41-0.69 dL g(-1), and M-n

10aA-B type monomer10aPoly(ether urethane)s10aRenewable resources10aSelf-polycondensation1 aKuhire, Sachin, S.1 aAvadhani, C., V.1 aWadgaonkar, Prakash, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/new-polyether-urethanes-based-lignin-derived-aromatic-chemicals-b-monomer-approach-002305nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260009900249300001200348490000800360520133900368653003001707653001301737653003001750653004401780653002301824653002901847100002401876700002101900700001801921856012401939 2015 eng d a0144-861700aPreparation and characterization of self-photostabilizing UV-durable bionanocomposite membranes for outdoor applications0 aPreparation and characterization of selfphotostabilizing UVdurab aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJUN a164-1730 v1233 a

Here, we report a durable and ultraviolet (UV) resistant nanocomposite membrane of chitosan (CS) with effective photostabilization ascribed to Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were successfully dispersed in the solution of chitosan polymer. The nanocomposite films with the homogenous dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix were obtained by solution casting method and the influence of ZnO nanoparticles as a photostabilizer was studied. The nanocomposite membranes were photoirradiated by polychromatic radiations with lambda > 300 nm using mercury vapour lamps in SEPAP instrument. The resulting nanocomposite material exhibited excellent UV-resistance in very low percentages of ZnO nanoparticles. The chitosan membranes showed fast degradation attributes than the nanocomposite membranes. ZnO nanoparticles effectively absorbed UV radiations, thus protecting polymer from radiation degradation. The neat and irradiated nanocomposites of chitosan and ZnO nanoparticles (CS/ZnO) were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectroscopy for the chemical changes/degradation taking place. Chitosan nanocomposites were further characterized for tensile properties, contact angle measurements and surface morphology. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aBionanocomposite membrane10aChitosan10aContact angle measurement10aFourier transform infrared spectroscopy10aPhotostabilization10aZinc oxide nanoparticles1 aKushwaha, Omkar, S.1 aAvadhani, C., V.1 aSingh, R., P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-and-characterization-self-photostabilizing-uv-durable-bionanocomposite-002036nas a2200205 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139300001200208520126600220100002701486700002801513700002301541700002101564700002601585700002301611700002101634700002101655700002801676856012601704 2017 eng d00aStep-growth polymers from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL)-based aromatic difunctional monomers0 aStepgrowth polymers from cashew nut shell liquid CNSLbased aroma a163-2143 a

Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is an attractive renewable resource material which is available in abundance (44,50,000 tonnes worldwide and 7,53,000 tonnes in India in 2013) at low cost (around 0.27 $/kg in 2015) and is mainly composed of anacardic acid, cardanol, cardol and 2-methyl cardol. Cardanol is obtained as a major product during hot oil extraction or roasting process of CNSL. Cardanol possesses interesting structural features. The aromatic ring of cardanol can undergo electrophilic substitution reactions; the unsaturated side chain can undergo epoxidation, hydrogenation, metathesis, etc., while the phenolic hydroxyl group can undergo various reactions such as esterification and alkylation. Such opportunities of chemical modifications offered by cardanol have been extensively explored to synthesise a range of interesting aromatic difunctional monomers that have subsequently been utilised to prepare a host of step-growth polymers. Summarised herein are research efforts that have contributed towards the synthesis of step-growth polymers based on aromatic difunctional monomers derived from cardanol. The properties of high-performance polymers, with a particular focus on processability and thermal characteristics, are highlighted.

1 aChatterjee, Deepshikha1 aSadavarte, Nilakshi, V.1 aShingte, Rahul, D.1 aMore, Arvind, S.1 aTawade, Bhausaheb, V.1 aKulkarni, Arun, D.1 aIchake, Amol, B.1 aAvadhani, C., V.1 aWadgaonkar, Prakash, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/step-growth-polymers-cashew-nut-shell-liquid-cnsl-based-aromatic-difunctional-monomers