02356nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260007300221300001200294490000700306520133900313653002601652653002801678653001701706653001701723653001801740653001701758100001701775700002301792700002401815700002901839700002501868700001901893700002601912856012801938       2015                        eng d  a0924-857900aChemical and biological metal nanoparticles as antimycobacterial agents: a comparative study0 aChemical and biological metal nanoparticles as antimycobacterial  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAUG  a183-1880 v463 a<p>Resistance among mycobacteria leading to multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major threat. However, nanotechnology has provided new insights in drug delivery and medicine development. This is the first comparative report to determine the activity of chemically and biologically synthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) against mycobacteria. Screening data revealed the high mycobactericidal efficiency of AgNPs, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of &lt;3 mu g/mL, whereas no such activity was exhibited by AuNPs at concentrations up to 100 mu g/mL. Moreover, in vitro and ex vivo THP-1 infection model assays showed greater efficacy of chemical AgNPs compared with biogenic AgNPs to inhibit active and dormant stage mycobacterial growth. Up to 40% cytotoxicity against human cell lines was observed at a AgNP concentration of 10 x MIC (30 mu g/mL) after 48 h. AgNPs were shown to have more specificity towards mycobacteria than towards other Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. The selectivity index was found to be in the range of 11-23, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles for use in developing new therapeutics for tuberculosis. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.</p>10aAntibiotic resistance10aAntimycobacterial agent10aCytotoxicity10aMycobacteria10aNanoparticles10atuberculosis1 aSingh, Richa1 aNawale, Laxman, U.1 aArkile, Manisha, A.1 aShedbalkar, Utkarsha, U.1 aWadhwani, Sweety, A.1 aSarkar, Dhiman1 aChopade, Balu, Ananda  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/chemical-and-biological-metal-nanoparticles-antimycobacterial-agents-comparative-study-003131nas a2200301   4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260008400213300001600297490000700313520210200320653002802422653001702450653002002467653001702487653001802504653001702522100001702539700001902556700002402575700002102599700002502620700002002645700001902665700002602684856011902710       2016                        eng d  a1178-201300aPhytogenic silver, gold, and bimetallic nanoparticles as novel antitubercular agents0 aPhytogenic silver gold and bimetallic nanoparticles as novel ant  aPO BOX 300-008, ALBANY, AUCKLAND 0752, NEW ZEALANDbDOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTDcMAY  a1889—18970 v113 a<p>Purpose: Multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a global threat to human health. It requires immediate action to seek new antitubercular compounds and devise alternate strategies. Nanomaterials, in the present scenario, have opened new avenues in medicine, diagnosis, and therapeutics. In view of this, the current study aims to determine the efficacy of phytogenic metal nanoparticles to inhibit mycobacteria. Methods: Silver (AgNPs), gold (AuNPs), and gold-silver bimetallic (Au-AgNPs) nanoparticles synthesized from medicinal plants, such as Barleria prionitis, Plumbago zeylanica, and Syzygium cumini, were tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG. In vitro and ex vivo macrophage infection model assays were designed to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and half maximal inhibitory concentration of nanoparticles. Microscopic analyses were carried out to demonstrate intracellular uptake of nanoparticles in macrophages. Besides this, biocompatibility, specificity, and selectivity of nanoparticles were also established with respect to human cell lines. Results: Au-AgNPs exhibited highest antitubercular activity, with MIC of &lt;2.56 mu g/mL, followed by AgNPs. AuNPs did not show such activity at concentrations of up to 100 mu g/mL. In vitro and ex vivo macrophage infection model assays revealed the inhibition of both active and dormant stage mycobacteria on exposure to Au-AgNPs. These nanoparticles were capable of entering macrophage cells and exhibited up to 45% cytotoxicity at 30 mu g/mL (ten times MIC concentration) after 48 hours. Among these, Au-AgNPs synthesized from S. cumini were found to be more specific toward mycobacteria, with their selectivity index in the range of 94-108. Conclusion: This is the first study to report the antimycobacterial activity of AuNPs, AgNPs, and Au-AgNPs synthesized from medicinal plants. Among these, Au-AgNPs from S. cumini showed profound efficiency, specificity, and selectivity to kill mycobacteria. These should be investigated further to develop novel TB nanoantibiotics.</p>10aAntimycobacterial agent10aCytotoxicity10adrug resistance10aMycobacteria10aNanoparticles10atuberculosis1 aSingh, Richa1 aNawale, Laxman1 aArkile, Manisha, A.1 aWadhwani, Sweety1 aShedbalkar, Utkarsha1 aChopade, Snehal1 aSarkar, Dhiman1 aChopade, Balu, Ananda  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/phytogenic-silver-gold-and-bimetallic-nanoparticles-novel-antitubercular-agents