01328nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245005600055210005600111260010500167300001200272490000700284520056100291653001300852653002400865653002500889653002200914100002200936700001800958700001900976700001300995856009001008       2005                        eng d  a0250-470700aCoprecipitation technique to prepare ZnM2O6 powders0 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare ZnM2O6 powders  aC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbINDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCEScJUN  a205-2070 v283 a<p>A simple coprecipitation technique was successfully applied for the preparation of pure ultrafine single phase, ZnNb2O6 (ZN). Ammonium hydroxide was used to precipitate Zn2+ and Nb5+ cations as hydroxides simultaneously. This precursor on heating at 750 degrees, produced ZN powders. For comparison, ZN powders were also prepared by the traditional solid state method. The phase contents and lattice parameters were studied by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology were studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM).</p>10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aelectronic materials10aX-ray diffraction1 aDeshpande, V., V.1 aPatil, M., M.1 aNavale, S., C.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/coprecipitation-technique-prepare-znm2o6-powders-002112nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260009900217300001400316490000700330520111900337653002201456653001701478653001701495653001701512653001301529100002501542700002101567700002201588700001601610700001701626700002501643700002201668700001601690856011601706       2005                        eng d  a1359-511300aOptimization and scale up of production of alkaline protease from Conidiobolus coronatus0 aOptimization and scale up of production of alkaline protease fro  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcSEP  a3152-31580 v403 a<p>Alkaline protease secreted by Conidiobolus coronatus has been evaluated extensively in tanneries and finds application in pre-tanning operations in leather manufacture. It is important to produce the enzyme in inexpensive and optimized media on large scale for the process to be commercially viable. The present paper describes optimization of fermentation conditions in shake flasks and scale up of production to 100 L in fermentors. The production is complete in 2-3 days comparable to bacterial fermentations. The organism utilized several carbon sources such as starch, sucrose, lactose, glucose and fructose for production. Soyabean meal at an optimum concentration of 2-3% was found to be best inducer. Diammonium hydrogen phosphate, casamino acids and Hi-media peptone gave activities comparable to yeast extract. Preservation and stabilization studies showed that glycerol conferred considerable stabilization at room temperature while ammonium sulphate precipitated enzyme at 0.9 saturation was best with stability up to 2 years even at room temperature. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aAlkaline Protease10aConidiobolus10aFermentation10aOptimization10ascale up1 aLaxman, Ryali, Seeta1 aSonawane, A., P.1 aMore, Shivaji, V.1 aRao, B., S.1 aRele, M., V.1 aJogdand, Vitthal, V.1 aDeshpande, V., V.1 aRao, M., B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/optimization-and-scale-production-alkaline-protease-conidiobolus-coronatus-001449nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245006200055210006200117260007300179300001400252490000700266520067700273653001300950653002300963653002400986653001101010653002201021100001801043700002201061700001801083700001301101856009301114       2005                        eng d  a0167-577X00aSynthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles at 100 degrees C0 aSynthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles at 100 degrees C  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAUG  a2523-25250 v593 a<p>A simple gel to crystal conversion route has been followed for the preparation of ultrafine Bi2O3 particles at 80-100 degrees C under refluxing conditions. Freshly prepared bismuth hydroxide gel is allowed to crystallize under refluxing and stirring conditions for 6-12 h. Formation of nanocrystallites of Bi2O3 is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. The thermal decomposition of bismuth hydroxide yields Bi2O3 only at 400 degrees C. This shows the advantage of the present method. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 50 nm for these oven-dried powders. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aPatil, M., M.1 aDeshpande, V., V.1 aDhage, S., R.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-bismuth-oxide-nanoparticles-100-degrees-c-001527nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245005000055210005000105260007300155300001400228490000700242520076300249653001301012653002301025653002401048653001101072653002101083100001801104700002201122700002201144700001501166700001301181856007901194       2005                        eng d  a0167-577X00aSynthesis of rutile from ATO and stearic acid0 aSynthesis of rutile from ATO and stearic acid  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcSEP  a2673-26750 v593 a<p>Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide in the rutile phase has been obtained from the solid state reaction between ammonium titanyl oxalate (ATO) and stearic acid at 400 degrees C in air. The fine powders of ATO and stearic acid are mixed well using acetone in an agate mortar and pestle for 2 h. This mixture (weight ratio of ATO to stearic acid &gt; 5) on heating at 400 degrees C produces rutile powders. For the ratios of ATO to stearic acid &lt; 5, a mixture of anatase and rutile phases is obtained. Pure ATO yields anatase phase on decomposition at 400 degrees C. These powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray techniques1 aPatil, M., M.1 aDeshpande, V., V.1 aDeshpande, S., B.1 aSamuel, V.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-rutile-ato-and-stearic-acid-002293nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260013000217300001200347490000700359520135300366653001101719653004001730653001901770653001401789653001801803100002201821700001901843700001801862700002201880700002001902856011701922       2006                        eng d  a1226-086X00aDielectric properties of BaTiO3 ceramics prepared from powders with bimodal distribution0 aDielectric properties of BaTiO3 ceramics prepared from powders w  aA-803 TWIN BLDG, 275-3, YANGJAE-DONG, SEOCHO-KU, SEOUL 137-130, SOUTH KOREAbKOREAN SOC INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING CHEMISTRYcJUL  a584-5880 v123 a<p>BaTiO3 (BT) powders having bimodal distribution were synthesized successfully through a simple classical solid-state reaction route using cheap BaCO3 and TiO2 as starting materials. These powders were further processed in the form of green pellets to obtain dense BT ceramics having densities of similar to 94 similar to 96 % after sintering in air at 1350 and 1400 degrees C/4 h in air. The room temperature dielectric constant (epsilon(RT)) of similar to 1500 at 1 KHz frequency was increased to : 10000 at a Curie temperature (T-C) similar to 126 degrees C, showing a very sharp transition from a polar tetragonal to a non-polar cubic structure. The dielectric loss factor (tan 6) was similar to 1.5 %. SEM studies revealed the presence of dense microstructures having a distribution of smaller grains (size: 2 similar to 3 gm) surrounded by larger grains (&gt;= 35 mu m). The ferroelectric hysteresis loop measurements on these samples gave values of spontaneous polarization (P-s) of similar to 12.0 mu C/cm(2), a coercive field (E-C) of similar to 2 similar to 2.5 kV/cm, and a dielectric strength (E-b) of similar to 48.0 kV/cm. DC-resistivity as high as 1.5 x 10(9) Omega-cm was obtained in these samples. All these results are quite comparable with reported ferroelectric/dielectric data and are discussed elaborately in this paper.</p>10aBaTiO310adielectric-ferroelectric properties10aMicrostructure10aSintering10astoichiometry1 aDeshpande, S., B.1 aPotdar, H., S.1 aPatil, M., M.1 aDeshpande, V., V.1 aKhollam, Y., B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/dielectric-properties-batio3-ceramics-prepared-powders-bimodal-distribution-0