01524nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260009900204300001200303490000700315520069300322653002601015653002401041653002901065653003301094100002001127700001501147700001401162700001201176856010601188       2005                        eng d  a0272-884200aCo-precipitation method for the preparation of fine ferroelectric BaBi2M2O90 aCoprecipitation method for the preparation of fine ferroelectric  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJAN  a379-3810 v313 a<p>A simple co-precipitation technique had been successfully applied for the preparation of pure fine powders of single phase BaBi2Nb2O9. Ammonium hydroxide and ammonium oxalate were used to precipitate Ba2+, Bi3+ and Nb5+ cations simultaneously. No pyrochlore phase was formed while heating powder at 800 degrees C and pure BaBi2Nb2O9 phase was found to be formed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM). The room temperature dielectric constant at 1 kHz is 100. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.</p>10adielectric properties10aElectron microscopy10aferroelectric properties10apowders chemical preparation1 aGaikwad, S., P.1 aPotdar, HS1 aSamuel, V1 aRavi, V  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/co-precipitation-method-preparation-fine-ferroelectric-babi2m2o9-001433nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245004900055210004900104260006900153300001200222490000800234520072900242653001200971653001300983653002400996653001801020653001101038100001701049700001401066700001601080700001201096856008301108       2005                        eng d  a0921-510700aCoprecipitation technique to prepare BaNb2O60 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare BaNb2O6  aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcMAR  a169-1710 v1173 a<p>A mixture of ammonium oxalate and ammonium hydroxide was used to coprecipitate barium and niobium ions as barium oxalate and niobium hydroxide under basic conditions. This precursor on calcination at 750degreesC yielded BaNb2O6 ceramics. This is a much lower temperature as compared to that prepared by traditional solid-state method (1000degreesC), as reported for the formation of BaNb2O6. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 100 nm for the calcined powders. The room temperature dielectric constant at 1 kHz is found to be 1100. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAmmonia10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aniobium oxide10aOxides1 aNatarajan, N1 aSamuel, V1 aPasricha, R1 aRavi, V  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/coprecipitation-technique-prepare-banb2o6-001323nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245004900055210004900104260007900153300001000232490000700242520068900249653001300938653002400951653001800975653001100993653001801004100001201022856008301034       2005                        eng d  a1044-580300aCoprecipitation technique to prepare SrNb2O60 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare SrNb2O6  a360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USAbELSEVIER SCIENCE INCcJUL  a92-950 v553 a<p>A mixture of ammonium oxalate and ammonium hydroxide was used to co-precipitate strontium and niobium ions as strontium oxalate and niobium hydroxide under basic conditions. This precursor yielded SrNb2O6 ceramics on calcining at 650 degrees C. This is a much lower temperature compared to preparation of SrNb2O6 by the traditional solid state method (900 degrees C). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the average particle size is 100 nm for the calcined powders. The room temperature dielectric constant at 1 kHz is found to be 550. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aferroelectric10aOxides10aX-ray methods1 aRavi, V  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/coprecipitation-technique-prepare-srnb2o6-001465nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245004900055210004900104260007300153300001400226490000700240520077000247653001301017653002401030653002401054653001101078653002201089100001501111700001401126700001201140856008301152       2005                        eng d  a0167-577X00aLow temperature synthesis of MgTa2O6 powders0 aLow temperature synthesis of MgTa2O6 powders  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcDEC  a3926-39280 v593 a<p>A combination of digestion and further low temperature calcination to crystallize the product is employed to prepare MgTa2O6 (MT) ceramics. Freshly prepared niobium hydroxide gel is mixed with magnesium hydroxide thoroughly and allowed to react at 100 degrees C under refluxing and stirring conditions for 6-12 h. The X-ray amorphous product so formed is heated at 550 degrees C to form crystalline MgTa2O6. This is the lowest temperature so far reported for the formation of MgTa2O6. For comparison, MT powders were also prepared by the traditional solid state method. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 40 nm for the low temperature calcined powders. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10amagnesium tantalate10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aNavale, SC1 aSamuel, V1 aRavi, V  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/low-temperature-synthesis-mgta2o6-powders-001524nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245007300055210006900128260006900197300001200266490000800278520083800286653002401124653003301148653001801181100001501199700001201214856010401226       2005                        eng d  a0921-510700aPreparation of fine MgTa2O6 and Mg4Ta2O9 powders by chemical methods0 aPreparation of fine MgTa2O6 and Mg4Ta2O9 powders by chemical met  aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcMAY  a189-1910 v1193 a<p>Two different chemical methods are applied to prepare MgTa2O6 (MT2) and Mg4Ta2O9 (M4T2) powders. A gel was formed when a aqueous solution of Mg(NO3)(2), TAF(5) and citric acid in stoichiometric ratio is heated on a water bath. This gel on decomposition at 750 degrees C produced the fine crystallites of ternary oxide, M4T2. A simple co-precipitation technique had been successfully applied for the preparation of pure ultrafine single phase MT2. Ammonium hydroxide was used to precipitate Mg2+ and Ta5+ cations as hydroxides simultaneously. This precursor on heating at 750 degrees produces MT2 powders. The phase contents and lattice parameters were studied by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aElectron microscopy10apowders-chemical preparation10aX-ray methods1 aNavale, SC1 aRavi, V  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-fine-mgta2o6-and-mg4ta2o9-powders-chemical-methods-001583nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245007900055210006900134260010000203300001200303490000700315520077500322653002601097653002401123653002901147653003501176100002001211700001601231700001201247856010601259       2005                        eng d  a0272-884200aPreparation of nanocrystalline ferroelectric CaBi2Ta2O9 by the urea method0 aPreparation of nanocrystalline ferroelectric CaBi2Ta2O9 by the u  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJAN   a773-7750 v313 a<p>A precipitate was formed when a aqueous solution of CaCl2, BiCl3, TaF5 and urea in stoichiometric ratio (total metal cations to urea ratio is 5) is heated on a water bath. This precipitate on decomposition at 600 degrees C yielded the nanocrystallites of ternary oxide CaBi2Ta2O9 (CBT) as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM). Ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters such as remnant polarization (P-r) and coercive field (E-C) were also determined. TEM investigations revealed that the average particle size of the polycrystalline powder is 70 nm. The room temperature dielectric constant was found to be 110. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.</p>10adielectric properties10aElectron microscopy10aferroelectric properties10apowders : chemical preparation1 aGaikwad, S., P.1 aPasricha, R1 aRavi, V  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-nanocrystalline-ferroelectric-cabi2ta2o9-urea-method-001418nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245008100055210006900136260006900205300001200274490000800286520070600294653001201000653001601012653002401028100002001052700001601072700001201088856011201100       2005                        eng d  a0921-510700aPreparation of nanocrystalline ferroelectric CaBi2TaO9 by citrate gel method0 aPreparation of nanocrystalline ferroelectric CaBi2TaO9 by citrat  aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcMAR  a159-1610 v1173 a<p>A gel was formed when an aqueous solution of CaCl2, BiCl3, TaF5 and citric acid in stoichiometric ratio is heated on a water bath. This gel on decomposition at 600degreesC yielded the nano-crystallites of ternary oxide, CaBi2Ta2O9 (CBT) as confirmed by X-ray diffraction study (XRD). Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM). Ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters such as remnant polarization (P-r) and coercive field (E-C) are also determined. TEM investigations revealed that the average particle size of the polycrystalline powder is 40 nm. The room temperature dielectric constant was found to be 90. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.</p>10aBismuth10adiffraction10aElectron microscopy1 aGaikwad, S., P.1 aPasricha, R1 aRavi, V  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-nanocrystalline-ferroelectric-cabi2tao9-citrate-gel-method-001229nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245006400055210006400119260007300183300001400256490000700270520048200277653001300759653002400772653002500796653002000821653002200841100001500863700001400878700001200892856009500904       2005                        eng d  a0167-577X00aPreparation of nanocrystalline LiNbO3 by citrate gel method0 aPreparation of nanocrystalline LiNbO3 by citrate gel method  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAUG  a2476-24780 v593 a<p>A gel was formed when an aqueous solution of Li(NO3) NbF5 and citric acid in stoichiometric ratio is heated in a water bath at 100 degrees C. This gel on decomposition at 700 degrees C produced the fine crystallites of ternary oxide, LiNbO3 (LN). The phase contents and lattice parameters were studied by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aelectronic materials10alithium niobate10aX-ray diffraction1 aNavale, SC1 aSamuel, V1 aRavi, V  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-nanocrystalline-linbo3-citrate-gel-method-001196nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245006500055210006500120260007300185300001400258490000700272520047900279653001600758653002400774653002200798653001200820653002200832100001600854700001200870856009600882       2005                        eng d  a0167-577X00aPreparation of nanocrystalline MgNb2O6 by citrate gel method0 aPreparation of nanocrystalline MgNb2O6 by citrate gel method  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUL  a2146-21480 v593 a<p>A gel was formed when a aqueous solution of Mg(NO3)(2), NbF5 and citric acid in stoichiometric ratio is heated on a water bath. This gel on decomposition at 700 degrees C produced the fine crystallites of ternary oxide, MgNb2O6 (MN). The formation of MN phase and lattice parameters were determined by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCitrate gel10aElectron microscopy10amagnesium niobate10apowders10aX-ray diffraction1 aPasricha, R1 aRavi, V  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-nanocrystalline-mgnb2o6-citrate-gel-method-001166nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245006600055210006600121260010500187300001200292490000700304520041500311653001300726653002400739653002500763653002200788100001500810700001400825700001200839856009700851       2005                        eng d  a0250-470700aPreparation of ultrafine LiTaO3 powders by citrate gel method0 aPreparation of ultrafine LiTaO3 powders by citrate gel method  aC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbINDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCEScAUG  a391-3930 v283 a<p>A gel was formed when a aqueous solution of Li(NO3), TaF5 and citric acid in stoichiometric ratio was heated in a water bath. This gel on decomposition at 700 degrees C produced fine crystallites of ternary oxide, LiTaO3 (LT). The phase contents and lattice parameters were studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology were studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM).</p>10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aelectronic materials10aX-ray diffraction1 aNavale, SC1 aSamuel, V1 aRavi, V  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-ultrafine-litao3-powders-citrate-gel-method-001326nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245004000055210004000095260009900135300001200234490000700246520063900253653002500892653002400917653001200941653000900953653001800962100001400980700001600994700001201010856007401022       2005                        eng d  a0272-884200aSynthesis of nanocrystalline rutile0 aSynthesis of nanocrystalline rutile  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJAN  a555-5570 v313 a<p>Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) in the rutile phase has been obtained by homogeneous precipitation using urea and TiOCl2. A mixture of urea and TiOCl2 is heated on a hot water bath at 65-75 degrees C to precipitate rutile powders. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies on these oven-dried powders indicated the formation of single-phase rutile. Raman scattering experiments were also performed to confirm the formation of the rutile phase. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations revealed the average particle size of these powders to be 40 nm. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.</p>10achemical preparation10aElectron microscopy10apowders10aTiO210aX-ray methods1 aSamuel, V1 aPasricha, R1 aRavi, V  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-nanocrystalline-rutile-001244nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245005500055210005300110260006900163300001000232490000700242520060800249653001300857653002400870653002100894653001100915100001600926700001200942856008400954       2005                        eng d  a0254-058400aSynthesis of Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 by citrate gel method0 aSynthesis of Sr05Ba05Nb2O6 by citrate gel method  aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcNOV  a34-360 v943 a<p>A gel was formed when an aqueous solution of BaCl2, SrCl2, NbF5 and citric acid in stoichiometric ratio is heated on a water bath. This gel on decomposition at 700 degrees C yielded the nanocrystallites of ternary oxide, Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 (SBN) as confirmed by X-ray diffraction study (XRD). Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM). The room temperature dielectric constant at I kHz is 1000. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied by a home built Sawyer-Tower circuit. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aferroelectricity10aOxides1 aPasricha, R1 aRavi, V  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-sr05ba05nb2o6-citrate-gel-method-001365nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245005600055210005600111260007300167300001400240490000700254520066500261653001300926653002400939653002500963653002200988100001501010700002001025700001201045856009001057       2006                        eng d  a0167-577X00aCoprecipitation technique to prepare LiTaO3 powders0 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare LiTaO3 powders  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAPR  a1047-10480 v603 a<p>A simple coprecipitation technique had been successfully applied for the preparation of pure ultrafine single phase LiTaO3 (LT). An aqueous mixture of ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydroxide was used to precipitate Li+ and Ta5+ cations as carbonate and hydroxide respectively. This precursor oil heating at 750 degrees C produces LT powders. For comparison, LT powders were also prepared by the traditional solid state method. The phase contents and lattice parameters were studied by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology were studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aelectronic materials10aX-ray diffraction1 aNavale, SC1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aRavi, V  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/coprecipitation-technique-prepare-litao3-powders-001483nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245005900055210005900114260010500173300001200278490000700290520069100297653001300988653002301001653002401024653002501048653001101073653001801084100001401102700002001116700001201136856009301148       2006                        eng d  a0250-470700aCoprecipitation technique to prepare NaNbO3 and NaTaO30 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare NaNbO3 and NaTaO3  aC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbINDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCEScAPR  a123-1250 v293 a<p>A simple coprecipitation technique has been used successfully for the preparation of pure, ultrafine, single phases of NaNbO3 (NN) and NaTaO3 (NT). An alcoholic solution of ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydroxide was used to precipitate Na+ and Nb5+ (or Ta5+) cations under basic conditions as carbonate and hydroxide, respectively. On heating at 700 degrees C, these precursors produce respective products. For comparison, both NN and NT powders were also prepared by the traditional solid state method. The phase purity and lattice parameters were studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The particle size and morphology were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aelectronic materials10aOxides10aX-ray methods1 aSamuel, V1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aRavi, V  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/coprecipitation-technique-prepare-nanbo3-and-natao3-0