01732nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260005700230300001200287490000800299520083700307653003901144653002001183653002201203653005201225100002601277700002401303700002401327700002301351856012801374 2005 eng d a1011-372X00aCarbon-free dry reforming of methane to syngas over NdCoO3 perovskite-type mixed metal oxide catalyst0 aCarbonfree dry reforming of methane to syngas over NdCoO3 perovs a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcAPR a271-2760 v1003 a

CoNdOx (Co/Nd = 1) is a highly promising catalyst for the carbon-free CO2 reforming of methane. Influence of the Co/Nd ratio on the catalyst performance in the CO2 reforming and also on the crystalline phases and reduction by temperature programmed reduction (TPR) of the CoNdOx catalyst has also been investigated. The CoNdOx (CoNd = 1.0) catalyst consisted of mainly NdCoO3 perovskite- type mixed metal oxide and it showed not only a high resistance to carbon formation at different process conditions ( viz. temperature = 750 - 900 degrees C and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) = 10000 - 50000 cm(3) g(-1) h(-1)) but also high activity and selectivity in the CO2 reforming process. The high resistance to carbon formation for this catalyst is attributed mostly to strong metal (Co degrees) - support (Nd2O3) interactions.

10aCO2 reforming of methane to syngas10aCoNdOx catalyst10aNdCoO3 perovskite10aresistance to carbon formation in CO2 reforming1 aChoudhary, Vasant, R.1 aMondal, Kartick, C.1 aMamman, Ajit, Singh1 aJoshi, Upendra, A. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/carbon-free-dry-reforming-methane-syngas-over-ndcoo3-perovskite-type-mixed-metal-oxide-002001nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260009500266300001000361490000800371520084800379653003701227653001301264653004301277653002901320653005801349653003101407653005201438653004001490100002601530700002401556700002401580856013101604 2005 eng d a0021-951700aHigh-temperature stable and highly active/selective supported NiCoMgCeOx catalyst suitable for autothermal reforming of methane to syngas0 aHightemperature stable and highly activeselective supported NiCo a525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USAbACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCEcJUL a36-400 v2333 a

Low-surface-area, macroporous, zirconia-haffnia-supported NiCoMgOx and NiCoMgCeOx (Ni/Co/Mg/Ce = 1/0.2/1.2/0.0 or 1.2) catalysts, precalcined at high temperature ( 1400 degrees C for 4 h), showed both high activity (> 98% conversion) and selectivity ( > 95%) in the catalytic partial oxidation of methane (CPOM) to syngas. Their performance remained unchanged even after they were subjected to higher temperature (> 2000 degrees C for 30 min) or a number of high-temperature (> 2000 degrees C) shocks, due to their direct exposure to an oxyacetylene flame. The supported NiCoMgCeOx, however, showed superior performance in the steam and CO2 reforming reactions because of its much higher lattice oxygen mobility. Hence it is more suitable for the autothermal reforming of methane. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

10aautothermal reforming of methane10aCatalyst10acatalytic partial oxidation of methane10aCO2 reforming of methane10ahigh-temperature stable supported NiCoMgCeOx catalyst10asteam reforming of methane10azirconia-haffnia-supported NiCoMgCeOx catalysts10azirconia-haffnia-supported NiCoMgOx1 aChoudhary, Vasant, R.1 aMondal, Kartick, C.1 aMamman, Ajit, Singh uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/high-temperature-stable-and-highly-activeselective-supported-nicomgceox-catalyst-suitable-000873nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245013300055210006900188260007700257300001400334490000700348653001200355653002800367653002300395653001500418653001300433100002600446700002400472700003100496856012800527 2005 eng d a1433-785100aSimultaneous conversion of methane and methanol into gasoline over bifunctional Ga-, Zn-, In-, and/or Mo-modified ZSM-5 zeolites0 aSimultaneous conversion of methane and methanol into gasoline ov aPO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcJUN a4381-43850 v4410agallium10aheterogeneuos catalysis10amethane activation10aMolybdenum10azeolites1 aChoudhary, Vasant, R.1 aMondal, Kartick, C.1 aMulla, Shafeek, Abdul Rash uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/simultaneous-conversion-methane-and-methanol-gasoline-over-bifunctional-ga-zn-andor-mo-001961nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245015600055210006900211260009900280300001400379490000700393520099100400653002201391653001201413653005401425653003301479653005201512100002601564700002401590856012901614 2006 eng d a0306-261900aCO2 reforming of methane combined with steam reforming or partial oxidation of methane to syngas over NdCoO3 perovskite-type mixed metal-oxide catalyst0 aCO2 reforming of methane combined with steam reforming or partia aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcSEP a1024-10320 v833 a

CO2 reforming with simultaneous steam reforming or partial oxidation of methane to syngas over NdCoO3 perovskite-type mixed metal oxide catalyst (prereduced by H-2) at different process conditions has been investigated. In the simultaneous CO2 and steam reforming, the conversion of methane and H2O and also the H-2/CO product ratio are strongly influenced by the CO2/H2O feed-ratio. In the simultaneous CO2 reforming and partial oxidation of methane, the conversion of methane and CO2, H-2 selectivity and the net heat of reaction are strongly influenced by the process parameters (viz. temperature, space velocity and relative concentration of O-2 in the feed). In both cases, no carbon deposition on the catalyst was observed. The reduced NdCoO3 perovskite-type mixed-oxide catalyst (Co dispersed on Nd2O3) is a highly promising catalyst for carbon-free CO2 reforming combined with steam reforming or partial oxidation of methane to syngas. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

10aCo/Nd2O3 catalyst10amethane10aNdCoO3 perovskite-type mixed metal-oxide catalyst10aOxy-CO2 reforming of methane10asimultaneous CO2 and steam reforming of methane1 aChoudhary, Vasant, R.1 aMondal, Kartick, C. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/co2-reforming-methane-combined-steam-reforming-or-partial-oxidation-methane-syngas-over-002300nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245016000055210006900215260007100284300001400355490000700369520154700376100002601923700002401949700002601973856013101999 2006 eng d a0888-588500aCO2 reforming of methane to syngas over CoOx/MgO supported on low surface area macroporous catalyst carrier: Influence of Co loading and process conditions0 aCO2 reforming of methane to syngas over CoOxMgO supported on low a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcJUN a4597-46020 v453 a

The effect of Co loading (5-30 wt %) and process parameters ( reduction pretreatment, reaction temperature, and space velocity) have been investigated over CoOx/MgO(5%)/SA-5205 catalyst for the CO2 methane reforming process. The Co loading had a profound effect on the methane conversion and the hydrogen selectivity ( initial and time-on-stream activity) for the unreduced catalysts. While negligible methane conversion was observed for the 5 and 10 wt % Co loading catalyst, methane conversions > 95% were obtained over the high Co loading ( 20 and 30 wt %) catalysts; hydrogen selectivity followed the same trend as methane conversion. The Co loading level had a relatively smaller influence in the case of the reduced catalysts. While the 5 wt % Co catalyst showed low methane conversion activity (< 30%), the 10 wt % Co catalyst showed methane conversion levels comparable to those of the high Co loading catalysts. The high Co loading catalysts showed an excellent time-on-stream performance for the CO2 methane reforming reaction. X-ray diffraction and temperature-programmed reduction experiments indicate that the interesting activity behavior exhibited by the catalysts is related to the different phases ( and their reducibility) present in the catalysts at different Co loadings. The hydrogen selectivity was found to decrease with decreasing reaction temperature and increasing space velocity due to the increased simultaneous occurrence of the reverse water-gas shift reaction along with the CO2 reforming reaction.

1 aChoudhary, Vasant, R.1 aMondal, Kartick, C.1 aChoudhary, Tushar, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/co2-reforming-methane-syngas-over-cooxmgo-supported-low-surface-area-macroporous-catalyst-002606nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155260006900224300001000293490000800303520174000311653003702051653001202088653002202100653002402122653002202146100002602168700002402194700002602218856013202244 2006 eng d a1385-894700aMethane reforming over a high temperature stable-NiCoMgOx supported on zirconia-hafnia catalyst0 aMethane reforming over a high temperature stableNiCoMgOx support aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcAUG a73-770 v1213 a

The unusually high temperature stable NiCoMgOx (Ni/Co/Mg: 1:0.2:1.2)/zirconia-hafnia catalyst has been investigated for syngas generation via the catalytic partial oxidation of methane (CPOM), oxidative steam reforming of methane (OSRM) and oxidative CO2 reforming of methane (OCRM) processes. The catalyst, even when calcined at 1400 degrees C for 4 h, showed excellent activity/selectivity for the CPOM, OSRM and the OCRM reactions. On account of its high thermal stability, hot spots in the catalyst bed and/or high temperatures prevailing at the catalyst surface during the oxy-reforming processes would have little or no effect on the catalytic activity/selectivity of the NiCoMgOx/zirconia-hafnia catalyst, thus making the catalyst suitable even for operating under adiabatic conditions. While the selectivity for CO increased considerably with increasing reaction temperature for the CPOM process, the selectivity for H-2 was affected to a much lesser extent. The selectivity for CO and H-2 in the CPOM reaction was found to decrease with increasing space velocity; the H-2 selectivity was however affected to a greater extent. For the OSRM process, the H2O/CH4 ratio profoundly influenced the H-2/CO ratio and the heat of the reaction. Depending on the H2O/CH4 ratio, the OSRM process could be operated in a mildly exothermic, thermoneutral or mildly endothermic mode. The CO2 conversion increased rapidly with increasing OCRM temperature and correspondingly the exothermicity of the OCRM reaction was found to decrease with increasing reaction temperature. At 900 degrees C, the OCRM reaction was mildly exothermic and provided high methane conversion and syngas selectivity. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10ahigh temperature stable catalyst10amethane10aoxy-dry reforming10aoxy-steam reforming10aPartial oxidation1 aChoudhary, Vasant, R.1 aMondal, Kartick, C.1 aChoudhary, Tushar, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/methane-reforming-over-high-temperature-stable-nicomgox-supported-zirconia-hafnia-catalyst-001723nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156260010500225300001200330490000800342520079600350653001101146653003901157653005501196653001301251653003101264100002601295700002401321700003101345856011701376 2006 eng d a0253-413400aNon-catalytic pyrolysis of ethane to ethylene in the presence of CO2 with or without limited O-20 aNoncatalytic pyrolysis of ethane to ethylene in the presence of  aC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbINDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCEScMAY a261-2670 v1183 a

Influence of the presence Of CO2, which is a mild oxidant, on the performance of the thermal cracking of ethane to ethylene in the absence or presence of limited O-2 at different temperatures (750-900 degrees C), space velocities (1500-9000 h(-1)) and CO2/C2H6 and O-2/C2H6 mole ratios (0-2.0 and 0-0.3 respectively) has been investigated. In both the presence and absence of limited 02, ethane conversion increases markedly because of the presence Of CO2, indicating its beneficial effect on the ethane to ethylene cracking. The increased ethane conversion is, however, not due to the oxidation of ethane to ethylene by CO2; the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence Of CO2 is found to be very small. It is most probably due to the activation of ethane in the presence Of CO2.

10aethane10aethane cracking in presence Of CO210aethane cracking in presence of CO2 and limited O-210aEthylene10athermal cracking of ethane1 aChoudhary, Vasant, R.1 aMondal, Kartick, C.1 aMulla, Shafeek, Abdul Rash uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/non-catalytic-pyrolysis-ethane-ethylene-presence-co2-or-without-limited-o-2-001932nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245007500055210006900130260007100199300001400270490000700284520129100291100002601582700002401608700002601632856010401658 2006 eng d a0887-062400aOxy-CO2 reforming of methane to syngas over CoOx/CeO2/SA-5205 catalyst0 aOxyCO2 reforming of methane to syngas over CoOxCeO2SA5205 cataly a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcSEP a1753-17560 v203 a

The oxy-CO2 methane reforming (OCRM) process has been investigated over the CoOx/CeO2/SA-5205 catalyst at varying reaction temperatures (750-900 degrees C), O-2/CH4 ratios (0.3- 0.45), and space velocities (20 000 - 100 000 cm(3)/g/h). With an increasing OCRM reaction temperature, the contribution from the CO2 methane reforming reaction increased while that from methane combustion reactions decreased. Correspondingly, there was an increase in the H-2/CO ratio and a sharp decrease in reaction exothermicity. At 900 C (gas hourly space velocity = 46 000 cm(3)/g/h and O-2/CH4 = 0.4), the OCRM reaction over the CoOx/CeO2/SA-5205 catalyst was mildly endothermic with > 90% CH4 conversion, > 95% H-2 selectivity, and a H-2/CO ratio of 1.63. CH4 conversion was relatively unaffected by the O-2/CH4 ratio used in the OCRM reaction; however, CO2 conversion decreased on increasing the O-2/CH4 ratio. While H-2 selectivity was not significantly affected by the O-2/CH4 ratio, the H-2/CO ratio increased linearly with an increasing O-2/CH4 ratio. The endothermicity of the reaction was found to decrease with an increasing CH4/O-2 ratio, which can be explained on the basis of increased contribution from the methane partial oxidation reaction with an increasing O-2/CH4 ratio.

1 aChoudhary, Vasant, R.1 aMondal, Kartick, C.1 aChoudhary, Tushar, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/oxy-co2-reforming-methane-syngas-over-cooxceo2sa-5205-catalyst-002232nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245007400055210006900129260009900198300001400297490000700311520148400318653001201802653002201814653001101836100002601847700002401873700002601897856010301923 2006 eng d a0016-236100aOxy-CO2 reforming of methane to syngas over CoOx/MgO/SA-5205 catalyst0 aOxyCO2 reforming of methane to syngas over CoOxMgOSA5205 catalys aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcDEC a2484-24880 v853 a

The OXY-CO2 methane reforming reaction (OCRM) has been investigated over CoOx supported on a MgO precoated highly macroporous silica-alumina catalyst carrier (SA-5205) at different reaction temperatures (700-900 degrees C), O-2/CH4 ratios (0.3-0.45) and space velocites (20,000-100,000cc/g/h). The reaction temperature had a profound influence on the OCRM performance over the CoO/MgO/SA-5205 catalyst; the methane conversion, CO2 conversion and H-2 selectivity increased while the H-2/CO ratio decreased markedly with increasing reaction temperature. While the O-2/CH4 ratio did not strongly affect the CH4 and CO2 conversion and H-2 selectivity, it had an intense influence on the H-2/CO ratio. The CH4 and CO2 conversion and the H-2 selectivity decreased while the H-2/CO increased with increasing space velocity. The O-2/CH4 ratio and the reaction temperature could be used to manipulate the heat of the reaction for the OCRM process. Depending on the O-2/CH4 ratio and temperature the OCRM process could be operated in a mildly exothermic, thermal neutral or mildly endothermic mode. The OCRM reaction became almost thermoneutral at an OCRM reaction temperature of 850 degrees C, O-2/CH4 ratio of 0.45 and space velocity of 46,000 cc/g/h. The CH4 conversion and H-2 selectivity over the CoO/MgO/SA-5205 catalyst corresponding to thermoneutral conditions were excellent: 95% and 97%, respectively with a H-2/CO ratio of 1.8. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10amethane10aoxy-CO2 reforming10aSyngas1 aChoudhary, Vasant, R.1 aMondal, Kartick, C.1 aChoudhary, Tushar, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/oxy-co2-reforming-methane-syngas-over-cooxmgosa-5205-catalyst-002571nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245017500055210006900230260007300299300001000372490000800382520157900390653002401969653002801993653001202021653002402033653002202057653002002079653001102099100002602110700002402136700002602160856013102186 2006 eng d a0926-860X00aPartial oxidation of methane to syngas with or without simultaneous steam or CO2 reforming over a high-temperature stable-NiCoMgCeOx supported on zirconia-hafnia catalyst0 aPartial oxidation of methane to syngas with or without simultane aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUN a45-500 v3063 a

A NiCoMgCeOx (Ni/Co/Mg/Ce: 1:0.2:1.2:1.2)/zirconia-hafnia catalyst with unusually high thermal stability has been investigated for syngas generation via a process that includes the catalytic partial oxidation of methane (CPOM), the oxidative steam reforming of methane (OSRM) and the oxidative CO2 reforming of methane (OCRM). The catalyst calcined at 1400 degrees C (for 4 h) showed excellent activity/selectivity for the CPOM, OSRM and the OCRM reactions; furthermore no catalyst deactivation was observed for a period of 20 h. For the CPOM process, the selectivity for H-2 was > 95% at reaction temperatures > 650 degrees C however temperatures above 800 degrees C were required to achieve > 95% CO selectivity. While the reaction temperature had a considerable influence on the CPOM product H-2/CO ratio, the space velocity (at 850 degrees C) did not affect it to any significant extent. For the OSRM process, the H2O/CH4 ratio and the reaction temperature had a strong effect on the product H-2/CO ratio and the heat of the reaction; depending on the H2O/CH4 ratio and reaction temperature, the OSRM process could be operated in a mildly exothermic, thermoneutral or mildly endothermic mode. The CO2 conversion was very strongly affected by the reaction temperature in the OCRM process; reasonably high CO2 conversion ( > 40%) could only be obtained at high OCRM reaction temperatures ( > 850 degrees C). The exothermicity of the OCRM reaction was found to decrease with increasing reaction temperature. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10adry (CO2) reforming10ahigh-temperature stable10amethane10aoxy-steam reforming10aPartial oxidation10aSteam reforming10aSyngas1 aChoudhary, Vasant, R.1 aMondal, Kartick, C.1 aChoudhary, Tushar, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/partial-oxidation-methane-syngas-or-without-simultaneous-steam-or-co2-reforming-over-high-001447nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245013100055210006900186260007500255300001000330490000800340520053700348653002200885653003000907653003100937653002500968653002000993100002401013700002601037700002301063856013101086 2007 eng d a0936-521400aCO2 reforming of methane to syngas over highly active and stable supported CoOx (accompanied with MgO, ZrO2 or CeO2) catalysts0 aCO2 reforming of methane to syngas over highly active and stable aRUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANYbGEORG THIEME VERLAG KGcJAN a47-520 v3163 a

{Catalytically inactive CoOx-MgO (calcined at 900 degrees C) becomes highly active and selective in the CO2 reforming of methane to syngas when it is deposited on a commercial low surface-area macro-porous silica-alumina support (SA-5205) or when CoOx is deposited on the support precoated with MgO. Both the supported CoOx and MgO containing catalysts (CoOx -MgO/SA-5205 and CoOx/MgO/SA-5205) show high methane conversion (> 98%) activity and H-2 selectivity (> 94%) and also high stability against carbon deposition [

10aarylboronic acids10adiarylmethylidenefluorene10adibromomethylidenefluorene10aPd-mediated coupling10aSuzuki reaction1 aMondal, Kartick, C.1 aChoudhary, Vasant, R.1 aJoshi, Upendra, A. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/co2-reforming-methane-syngas-over-highly-active-and-stable-supported-coox-accompanied-mgo-002180nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245016900055210006900224260007300293300001200366490000600378520124700384653001701631653002801648653001201676653002201688653001701710653001101727100002601738700002401764700002601788856012401814 2007 eng d a1566-736700aOxy-methane reforming over high temperature stable NiCoMgCeOx and NiCoMgOx supported on zirconia-haffnia catalysts: accelerated sulfur deactivation and regeneration0 aOxymethane reforming over high temperature stable NiCoMgCeOx and aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAR a561-5640 v83 a

NiCoMgOx and NiCoMgCeOx on commercial low surface area zirconia-haffnia catalysts have unusually high thermal stability (>= 2000 degrees C) for syngas generation via the methane partial oxidation process (J. Catal., 233, 36, 2005). Herein we report the results on accelerated sulfur deactivation (0.74 mol% sulfur in feed) and corresponding regeneration (at 800 degrees C in 1:1 O-2 + N-2 flow) over these catalysts. The NiCoMgCeOx catalyst, due to a larger mobility of lattice oxygen, showed a considerably higher resistance to sulfur poisoning; the higher mobility of the lattice oxygen in case of the NiCoMgCeOx catalyst may be related to the presence of CeO2. During the deactivation process, the selectivity for H-2 was decreased to a much greater extent than that for CO. Regeneration studies showed that even after complete deactivation of the catalysts, the original activity/selectivity of both the catalysts could be completely restored after a simple regeneration process. Based on their exceptionally high thermal stability, high activity/selectivity and easily regenerability, the NiCoMOx, and NiCoMgCeOx catalysts appear to be very promising candidates for the CPOM process. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10aDeactivation10ahigh temperature stable10amethane10aPartial oxidation10aRegeneration10aSulfur1 aChoudhary, Vasant, R.1 aMondal, Kartick, C.1 aChoudhary, Tushar, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/oxy-methane-reforming-over-high-temperature-stable-nicomgceox-and-nicomgox-supported