02056nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245014600055210006900201260007900270300001200349490000600361520118200367653002601549653002201575653001801597653002301615100002101638700003001659700002201689856012701711       2005                        eng d  a1388-248100aElectrochemical studies of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) PEDOT/VS2 nanocomposite as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries0 aElectrochemical studies of poly 34ethylenedioxythiophene PEDOTVS  a360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USAbELSEVIER SCIENCE INCcFEB  a213-2180 v73 a<p>Here, we demonstrate the electrochemical characterization of a new type of layered poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) PEDOT/ VS2 nanocomposite. It has been prepared via flocculation of delaminated VS2 with subsequent in situ oxidative polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) with VS2 as a host material in the presence of an external oxidizing agent. The interlayer spacing Of VS2 expands from 5.71 to 14.01 A and this interlayer separation is consistent with the existence of a monolayer of PEDOT in the VS2 framework. X-ray diffraction, XPS and TEM studies have been;shown the change in interlayer separation is consistent with the existence of two phases of organic and inorganic species in the nanocomposites corresponding to the intercalation of PEDOT in the VS2 framework. The application potential of the nanocomposite as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries is also demonstrated by the electrochemical intercalation of lithium into the PEDOT/VS2 nanocomposite, where a significant enhancement in the discharge capacity is observed (similar to130 mAh/g) compared to that (80 mAh/g) for pristine VS2. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.</p>10alayered nanocomposite10alithium batteries10apolythiophene10avanadium disulfide1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.1 aVijayamohanan, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/electrochemical-studies-poly-34-ethylenedioxythiophene-pedotvs2-nanocomposite-cathode-001762nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245015200055210006900207260012500276300001100401490000700412520090600419100002101325700002201346700001601368700003001384700002201414856013201436       2005                        eng d  a0003-695100aEnhancement of double-layer capacitance behavior and its electrical conductivity in layered poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-based nanocomposites0 aEnhancement of doublelayer capacitance behavior and its electric  aCIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USAbAMER INST PHYSICScDEC  a2435110 v873 a<p>In this letter, we report on the enhanced double-layer capacitance of a layered poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene) PEDOT-MoO3 nanocomposite, which has been synthesized by a novel microwave irradiation method. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows the changes in electron density and the shift in binding energy suggesting charge transfer from sulfur atoms upon PEDOT intercalation between MoO3 layers. The room-temperature conductivity for the PEDOT-MoO3 composite is found to be 1.82x10(-1) S cm(-1), which is four orders of magnitude higher than that of the pristine oxide (3.78x10(-5) S cm(-1)). The enhanced double-layer capacitance of the PEDOT-MoO3 nanocomposite (similar to 300 F g(-1)) compared to that (similar to 40 mF g(-1)) of pristine MoO3 is attributed to higher electronic conductivity, enhanced bidimensionality, and increase in surface area of the nanocomposite.</p>1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aViswanath, A., K.1 aCampet, Guy1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.1 aVijayamohanan, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/enhancement-double-layer-capacitance-behavior-and-its-electrical-conductivity-layered-poly-302012nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245013000055210006900185260011000254300001200364490000700376520121100383100002101594700001601615700002101631700001601652700002201668856012801690       2005                        eng d  a0959-942800aEntrapment of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) between VS2 layers to form a new organic-inorganic intercalative nanocomposite0 aEntrapment of poly34ethylenedioxythiophene between VS2 layers to  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJAN  a902-9090 v153 a<p>Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a new class of nanocomposite by direct in situ oxidative polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) with VS2 as a host material in the presence of an external oxidizing agent. Upon intercalation, the interlayer spacing of VS2 expands from 5.71 Angstrom to 14.01 Angstrom, followed by exfoliation and a restacking process facilitating expansion of the lattice in a direction perpendicular to the dichalcogenide layers. This change in interlayer separation is consistent with the existence of two phases of organic and inorganic species in the nanocomposites corresponding to the intercalation of PEDOT in the VS2 framework. The resulting nanocomposite is characterized by thermal analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and four-probe electrical conductivity measurements. The application potential of the nanocomposite as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries is also demonstrated by the electrochemical intercalation of lithium into the PEDOT-VS2 nanocomposite, where a significant enhancement in the discharge capacity is observed (similar to130 mA h g(-1)) compared to that (80 mA h g(-1)) for pristine VS2.</p>1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aQuintin, M.1 aDelville, M., H.1 aCampet, Guy1 aVijayamohanan, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/entrapment-poly34-ethylenedioxythiophene-between-vs2-layers-form-new-organic-inorganic-001087nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245010800055210006900163260010600232300001400338490000700352520016900359653002400528653002300552653002100575653002300596653002200619653002200641100002100663700001800684700001900702856012400721       2005                        eng d  a0040-403900aStereoselective syntheses of (+)-proto, (-)-gala quercitols and carba-L-rhamnose from D-(-)-quinic acid0 aStereoselective syntheses of proto gala quercitols and carbaLrha  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcSEP  a6235-62380 v463 a<p>Efficient syntheses of (+)-proto, (-)-gala quercitols and carba-L-rhamnose front D-(-)-quinic acid are described. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10a(+)-proto quercitol10a(-)-gala quercitol10acarba-L-rhamnose10acyclohexanepentols10aD-(-)-quinic acid10astereoselectivity1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aYadav, A., K.1 aGurjar, M., K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/stereoselective-syntheses-proto-gala-quercitols-and-carba-l-rhamnose-d-quinic-acid-001469nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245005000055210005000105260007300155300001400228490000700242520071400249653002300963653002400986653002501010653001801035100001301053700002301066700002001089700002101109700001301130856008401143       2006                        eng d  a0167-577X00aChemical methods to synthesize FeTiO3 powders0 aChemical methods to synthesize FeTiO3 powders  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAY  a1425-14270 v603 a<p>Three different techniques were used to synthesize FeTiO3 powders. The first method is simple coprecipitation of both Fe and Ti ions under basic conditions using standard ammonia solution from aqueous ferric nitrate and titanium oxy chloride. This precipitate on heating at 400 degrees C produces ilmenite phase. The second method is to digest hydroxide precipitates at 100 degrees C to form FeTiO3 phase. The third technique is to make use of citrate process to form FeTiO3 powders. The phase contents and lattice parameters were Studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology were studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved.</p>10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aelectronic materials10aX-ray methods1 aMona, J.1 aKale, Sangeeta, N.1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/chemical-methods-synthesize-fetio3-powders-001462nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245007900055210006900134260006900203300001200272490000700284520066300291653001300954653002300967653002400990653002101014653001101035100001801046700001701064700002101081700001301102856010501115       2006                        eng d  a0254-058400aCo-precipitation technique for the preparation of ferroelectric BaBi2Ta2O90 aCoprecipitation technique for the preparation of ferroelectric B  aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcAUG  a344-3460 v983 a<p>A simple co-precipitation technique had been successfully applied for the preparation of pure ultrafine single phase BaBi2Ta2O9 (BBT). Ammonium hydroxide and ammonium oxalate were used to precipitate Ba2+, Bi3+ and Ta5+ cations simultaneously. No pyrochlore phase was found while heating powder at 800 degrees C and pure BaBi2Ta2O9 phase was found to be formed by X-ray diffraction. Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM). The room temperature dielectric constant at 1 kHz is 350. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aelectronic material10aferroelectricity10aOxides1 aDhage, S., R.1 aPasricha, R.1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/co-precipitation-technique-preparation-ferroelectric-babi2ta2o9-001492nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245005700055210005500112260010500167300001200272490000700284520071000291653001301001653002401014653002101038653001101059653002201070100002101092700002001113700001501133700001301148856008901161       2006                        eng d  a0250-470700aCoprecipitation technique to prepare Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O60 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare Sr05Ba05Nb2O6  aC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbINDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCEScJUN  a221-2230 v293 a<p>An aqueous mixture of ammonium oxalate and ammonium hydroxide was used to coprecipitate barium and strontium ions as oxalates and niobium ions as hydroxide under basic conditions. This precursor on calcining at 750 degrees C yielded Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 phase. This is a much lower temperature than that prepared by traditional solid state method (1000 degrees C) as reported for the formation of Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 (SBN). Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size was 80 nm for the calcined powders. The room temperature dielectric constant at I kHz was found to be 1100. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied.</p>10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aferroelectricity10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aSamuel, V.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/coprecipitation-technique-prepare-sr05ba05nb2o6-001429nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184260008000253300001400333490000700347520063800354100002100992700003101013700002801044700001301072700002001085856013001105       2006                        eng d  a0022-372700aEu3+ doped lanthanum oxide nanowhiskers: microwave hydrothermal synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence properties0 aEu3 doped lanthanum oxide nanowhiskers microwave hydrothermal sy  aDIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLANDbIOP PUBLISHING LTDcSEP  a3974-39770 v393 a<p>We report here a straightforward and rapid microwave - hydrothermal route providing an easy synthesis of Eu3+ doped La2O3 nanowhiskers. The nanostructured Eu3+ doped La2O3 is characterized by x-ray diffraction studies, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence (PL). The emission spectrum shows transitions from the excited 5D(0) state to F-7(J) (J = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) levels of the Eu3+ ion. The most intense peak around 611 nm is due to the D-5(0) -&gt; F-7(2) transition, expected from the Judd-Ofelt selection rules. PL spectra measurements demonstrate that the lanthanum oxide nanowhisker shows higher PL intensity.</p>1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aViswanath, Annamraju, Kasi1 aKakade, Bhalchandra, A.1 aRavi, V.1 aSaaminathan, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/eu3-doped-lanthanum-oxide-nanowhiskers-microwave-hydrothermal-synthesis-characterization-001773nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245015000055210006900205260007300274300001200347490000800359520077200367653002101139653002201160653000901182653003601191653002201227100002101249700001601270700002101286700001601307700003001323700002201353856013201375       2006                        eng d  a0378-775300aExfoliation-induced nanoribbon formation of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) PEDOT between MoS2 layers as cathode material for lithium batteries0 aExfoliationinduced nanoribbon formation of poly34ethylene dioxyt  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUN  a615-6190 v1563 a<p>A new type of layered nanocomposite synthesized by delaminated MoS2 nanosheets and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) are restacked to produce alternate polymer nanoribbons between layers Of MoS2 with an interlayer distance of similar to 1.38 nm. The unique properties of resulting nanocomposite are investigated by powder XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, and four-probe conductivity measurements. The obtained nanocomposite can be used as a cathode material for a small power rechargeable lithium battery as demonstrated by the electrochemical insertion of lithium into the PEDOT/MoS2 nanocomposite. A significant enhancement in the discharge capacity (100 mAh g(-1)) is observed compared with that (40 mAh g(-1)) for MoS2. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.</p>10acathode material10alithium batteries10aMoS210aorganic-inorganic nanocomposite10aPEDOT-nanoribbons1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aQuintin, M.1 aDelville, M., H.1 aCampet, Guy1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.1 aVijayamohanan, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/exfoliation-induced-nanoribbon-formation-poly34-ethylene-dioxythiophene-pedot-between-mos2-002067nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245015200055210006900207260012500276300002300401490000800424520122300432100002101655700003101676700003001707700002201737856012601759       2006                        eng d  a0021-897900aHighly efficient organic-inorganic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-molybdenum trioxide nanocomposite electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitor0 aHighly efficient organicinorganic poly34ethylenedioxythiophenemo  aCIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USAbAMER INST PHYSICScOCT  aArticle No. 0743190 v1003 a<p>In this paper, we report a highly efficient organic-inorganic nanocomposite electrode with enhanced double layer capacitance, which has been synthesized using 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and crystalline molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) in the presence of an external oxidizing agent. The interlayer spacing of MoO3 upon intercalation expands from 6.93 to 13.46 A and is followed by an exfoliation and restacking process. The resulting nanocomposite is characterized by powder x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and four probe conductivity measurements. The application potential of this nanocomposite as an electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitors has been investigated, highlighting the unusual enhancement of double layer capacitance of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiphene) (PEDOT-MoO3) nanocomposites (similar to 300 F g(-1)) compared to that of pristine MoO3 (similar to 40 mF g(-1)). The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the intercalation of electronically conducting PEDOT between MoO3 layers with enhanced bidimensionality and an increase in the surface area. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.</p>1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aViswanath, Annamraju, Kasi1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.1 aVijayamohanan, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/highly-efficient-organic-inorganic-poly34-ethylenedioxythiophene-molybdenum-trioxide-101534nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245006500055210006500120260007300185300001400258490000700272520073300279653001301012653002301025653002401048653001101072653001101083653002201094100002101116700001501137700001901152700001301171856009601184       2006                        eng d  a0167-577X00aPhase evolution of NiTiO3 prepared by coprecipitation method0 aPhase evolution of NiTiO3 prepared by coprecipitation method  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUL  a1791-17920 v603 a<p>A simple coprecipitation technique was used for the preparation of NiTiO3 powders. Ammonium carbonate solution was added to a solution mixture containing stoichiometric amounts of Ni(NO3)(2) and TiOCl2 to precipitate nickel as carbonate and titanium as hydroxide under basic conditions. The precipitate was calcined at different temperatures ranging from 100 to 800 degrees C and phase evolution of NiTiO3 was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. It is observed that nickel titanate was formed at 750 degrees C. For comparison, NiTiO3 was also prepared by standard ceramic process. Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aNiTiO310aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aSamuel, V.1 aNavale, S., C.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/phase-evolution-nitio3-prepared-coprecipitation-method-001617nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245010400055210006900159260012500228300001100353490000700364520081200371100002101183700003101204700001301235700002801248700002001276856012701296       2006                        eng d  a0003-695100aPhotoluminescence studies of Eu3+ doped Y2O3 nanophosphor prepared by microwave hydrothermal method0 aPhotoluminescence studies of Eu3 doped Y2O3 nanophosphor prepare  aCIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USAbAMER INST PHYSICScSEP  a1231200 v893 a<p>In this letter, the authors report the photoluminescence studies of Eu3+ doped Y2O3 nanorods, which have been synthesized by rapid microwave hydrothermal route within 6 min. The nanostructured Eu3+ doped Y2O3 is characterized by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence. The emission spectrum shows transitions from the excited 5D(0) state to F-7(J) (J=0,1,2,3,4) levels of the Eu3+ ion. The most intense peak around 612 nm is due to the D-5(0)-&gt; F-7(2) transition, expected from the Judd-Ofelt selection rules [B. R. Judd, Phys. Rev. 127, 750 (1962); G. S. Ofelt, J. Chem. Phys. 37, 511 (1962)]. Photoluminescence measurements demonstrated that the nanocrystalline Eu3+:Y2O3 phase shows higher photoluminescence intensity. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.</p>1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aViswanath, Annamraju, Kasi1 aRavi, V.1 aKakade, Bhalchandra, A.1 aSaaminathan, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/photoluminescence-studies-eu3-doped-y2o3-nanophosphor-prepared-microwave-hydrothermal-101444nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245007900055210006900134260007300203300001400276490000700290520065400297653002600951653002400977653002901001653003301030100002101063700001901084700001301103856011001116       2006                        eng d  a0167-577X00aPreparation of nanocrystalline ferroelectric BaBi4Ti4O15 by Pechini method0 aPreparation of nanocrystalline ferroelectric BaBi4Ti4O15 by Pech  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAPR  a1023-10250 v603 a<p>A gel was formed when an aqueous solution of BaCl2, BiNO3, TiOCl2 and citric acid in stoichiometric ratio is heated on a water bath. This gel on decomposition at 600 degrees C produced the nano crystallites of ternary oxide, BaBi4Ti4O15 (BBT). The phase contents and lattice parameters were Studied by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM). The room temperature dielectric constant at I KHz is 90. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied by a home built Sawyer-tower circuit. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10adielectric properties10aElectron microscopy10aferroelectric properties10apowders chemical preparation1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aNavale, S., C.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-nanocrystalline-ferroelectric-babi4ti4o15-pechini-method-002438nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245023300055210006900288260006900357300001200426490000800438520141000446653002301856653002401879653003601903653002201939653003601961100002101997700001802018700001602036700002202052856012202074       2007                        eng d  a1572-665700aCyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance and ex situ X-ray diffraction studies of electrochemical insertion and deinsertion of lithium ion into nanostructured organic-inorganic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) based hybrids0 aCyclic voltammetry electrochemical impedance and ex situ Xray di  aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcMAY  a287-2960 v6033 a<p>In this work, we discuss the electrochemical insertion and deinsertion of lithium into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) PEDOT-V(2)O(5) nanohybrids by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and powder ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies with special emphasis on their application potential as cathode materials for rechargeable Lithium batteries. The interlayer spacing of crystalline V(2)O(5) expands from 0.43 to 1.41 nm by the intercalation of PEDOT nanoribbons prepared by a microwave irradiation method. Cyclic voltammetry studies of PEDOT-V(2)O(5) hybrid at a slow scan rate of 0.058 mVs(-1) between 2.0-4.3 V vs. Li/ Li(+), demonstrates that structural transitions Of V(2)O(5) are suppressed and more facile intercalation features appear in terms of well-defined reversible cathodic and anodic peaks when compared to that at higher scan rate. Electrochemical Impedance studies of PEDOT-V(2)O(5) hybrid as cathode at ambient temperature with lithium metal foil as both counter and reference electrodes in 1 M LiPF(6) in a mixture of ethylene and diethylcarbonate (50:50 by volume) between the range 2.0-4.3 V reveals the usefulness of these materials. The observed capacity fading during cycling in terms of surface passivation and structural transformations is also investigated by CV, EIS and XRD analysis. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10acyclic voltammetry10aex situ XRD studies10ahigh capacity lithium batteries10aimpedance studies10ananostructured hybrid materials1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aReddy, M., V.1 aCampet, Guy1 aVijayamohanan, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/cyclic-voltammetry-electrochemical-impedance-and-ex-situ-x-ray-diffraction-studies01515nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245008300055210006900138260009900207300001200306490000700318520067600325653001301001653002301014653002401037653001101061653001801072100002101090700002001111700001501131700001301146856011401159       2007                        eng d  a0272-884200aPreparation of nanocrystalline ferroelectric CaBi4Ti4O15 by citrate gel method0 aPreparation of nanocrystalline ferroelectric CaBi4Ti4O15 by citr  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJAN  a569-5710 v333 a<p>A gel was formed when an aqueous solution of CaCl2, BiNO3, TiOCl2 and citric acid in stoichiometric ratio is heated on a water bath. This gel on decomposition at 700 degrees C produced nano crystallites of the ternary oxide, CaBi4Ti4O15 (CBT). The phase contents and lattice parameters were studied by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM). The room temperature dielectric constant at 1 kHz is 390. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied by a home-built Sawyer-tower circuit. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.H. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray methods1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aSamuel, V.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-nanocrystalline-ferroelectric-cabi4ti4o15-citrate-gel-method-001385nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245003700055210003600092260009900128300001200227490000700239520071800246653001300964653001100977653002100988653000901009653001301018100001901031700002101050700001301071856007101084       2007                        eng d  a0272-884200aVaristors based on Ta-doped TiO20 aVaristors based on Tadoped TiO2  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcMAR  a301-3030 v333 a<p>The nonlinear current (I)-voltage (V) characteristics of titanium dioxide are examined when doped with small quantities (0.05-0.5 at.%) of tantalum pentaoxide. For optimum compositions, the nonlinear coefficients are found to be in the range of 25-30 and the breakdown field strength (EB) is similar to 4000 V/cm. The obtained alpha- and E-B-values are higher than the previously reported values for TiO2 ceramics. The acceptor like surface states at the grain boundary adsorb oxygen during sintering and cooling, leading to formation of grain boundary barrier. The grain boundary barrier height (OB) is calculated using Schottky equation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aOxides10aSchottky barrier10aTiO210avaristor1 aNavale, S., C.1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/varistors-based-ta-doped-tio2-001912nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260009200226300001200318490000600330520101100336653001301347653002301360653001801383653001501401653001201416100002901428700002101457700003101478700003001509856013101539       2009                        eng d  a1533-488000aTemplate free synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 with high wall thickness and nanocrystalline framework0 aTemplate free synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 with high wall thickn  a26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USAbAMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERScJAN  a371-3770 v93 a<p>A simple procedure to prepare nanocrystalline mesoporous titania (meso-TiO2) is reported without any templating agent and it possesses a high BET surface area and a large pore wall thickness (11.3 nm) than that of meso-TiO2 prepared by other methods. Nanocrystalline meso-TiO2 also has been synthesized with hexadecylamine template for comparison through known procedure. The meso-TiO2 materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, UV-Vis absorbance spectra, thermal analysis, SEM, HRTEM and textural properties through N-2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. Spherical shape particles in a range of few hundred nanometers are obtained in the template free method. Above systematic characterization provides direct indications toward the mechanism of formation of meso-TiO2 in the template free method. A comparison of the physical and textural properties indicates a possibility of coarse-tuning of the textural characteristics of mesoporous TiO2 by adopting different preparation methods.</p>10aMesopore10aMesopore Formation10aTemplate-Free10aThick Wall10atitania1 aKulkarni, Dhanashree, G.1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aViswanath, Annamraju, Kasi1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/template-free-synthesis-mesoporous-tio2-high-wall-thickness-and-nanocrystalline-framework-0