01586nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131260007300200300000900273490000700282520071200289653001501001653002001016653001901036653001601055653002601071653002401097100002101121700001801142700001701160700002101177700001601198856010601214       2006                        eng d  a1383-586600aComparative assessment of downstream processing options for lactic acid0 aComparative assessment of downstream processing options for lact  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcNOV  a1-170 v523 a<p>The possibility of manufacturing a biodegradable polymer from lactic acid has led to extensive research in recovery of lactic acid produced by fermentation, by different downstream processing routes. This paper assesses the suitability of different downstream processing options such as reactive extraction, adsorption, electrodialysis, esterification and reactive distillation. It compares the costs of different process routes. The assessment indicates that the conventional precipitation of calcium lactate, followed by acidification, esterification and hydrolysis will be the most economical route although it generates large quantity of gypsum sludge. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAdsorption10aelectrodialysis10aEsterification10aLactic acid10aReactive distillation10areactive extraction1 aJoglekar, H., G.1 aRahman, Imran1 aBabu, Suresh1 aKulkarni, B., D.1 aJoshi, Ajit  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/comparative-assessment-downstream-processing-options-lactic-acid-002127nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245012200055210006900177260009900246300001200345490000800357520114100365653002501506653001401531653003701545653002701582653000901609100001901618700001701637700002401654700002201678700001601700700002101716856012401737       2015                        eng d  a0960-852400aConversion of dried aspergillus candidus mycelia grown on waste whey to biodiesel by in situ acid transesterification0 aConversion of dried aspergillus candidus mycelia grown on waste   aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcDEC  a502-5070 v1973 a<p>This study reports optimization of the transesterification reaction step on dried biomass of an oleaginous fungus Aspergillus candidus grown on agro-dairy waste, whey. Acid catalyzed transesterification was performed and variables affecting esterification, viz., catalyst methanol and chloroform concentrations, temperature, time, and biomass were investigated. Statistical optimization of the transesterification reaction using Plackett-Burman Design showed biomass to be the predominant factor with a 12.5-fold increase in total FAME from 25.6 to 320 mg. Studies indicate that the transesterification efficiency in terms of conversion is favored by employing lower biomass loadings. A. candidus exhibited FAME profiles containing desirable saturated (30.2%), monounsaturated (31.5%) and polyunsaturated methyl esters (38.3%). The predicted and experimentally determined biodiesel properties (density, kinematic viscosity, iodine value, cetane number, TAN, water content, total and free glycerol) were in accordance with international (ASTM D6751, EN 14214) and national (IS 15607) standards. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.</p>10aAspergillus candidus10aBiodiesel10aIn situ acid transesterification10aPlackett-Burman Design10aWhey1 aKakkad, Hardik1 aKhot, Mahesh1 aZinjarde, Smita, S.1 aRaviKumar, Ameeta1 aKumar, Ravi1 aKulkarni, B., D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/conversion-dried-aspergillus-candidus-mycelia-grown-waste-whey-biodiesel-situ-acid-0