02175nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260008000239300001400319490000800333520125000341653002001591653002101611653001901632653000901651653002601660653001201686100002501698700001801723700001901741700003001760856013101790       2008                        eng d  a1618-264200aImaging the stomatal physiology of somatic embryo-derived peanut leaves by scanning electrochemical microscopy0 aImaging the stomatal physiology of somatic embryoderived peanut   aTIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANYbSPRINGER HEIDELBERGcJUL  a2227-22330 v3913 a<p>The stomatal physiology, chlorophyll distribution and photosynthetic activity of somatic embryo (SE)- and seedling-derived peanut plants grown in vitro (test tube-grown) and extra vitrum (soil-grown) are investigated using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). This SECM imaging is performed in two different feedback modes, corresponding to oxygen evolution and chlorophyll distribution. More specifically, the oxygen evolution profiles of the in vitro leaves indicate important differences in leaf anatomy between the SE- and seedling-derived leaves. On the other hand, the chlorophyll distribution images show individual stomata of size ca. 27 +/- 5 mu m. Further studies on senescing (aged) leaves reveal interesting voltammograms that vary widely over the stomatal complexes and the surrounding tissues, probably due to the release of electroactive metabolites during chlorophyll breakdown when the leaves turn yellow. Thus, the present investigation could open up new opportunities for characterizing botanical systems using electroanalytical techniques. In addition, it could provide further insights into various areas of current relevance, including signal transduction, cell fate/differentiation and developmental biology.</p>10aleaf senescence10aoxygen evolution10aphotosynthesis10aSECM10asomatic embryogenesis10astomata1 aParthasarathy, Meera1 aSingh, Shweta1 aHazra, Sulekha1 aPillai, Vijayamohanan, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/imaging-stomatal-physiology-somatic-embryo-derived-peanut-leaves-scanning-electrochemical-002482nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245008600055210006900141260005700210300001200267490000600279520172400285653002002009653002202029653003102051653001102082653002602093100001802119700001902137856010802156       2009                        eng d  a1863-546600aSomatic embryogenesis from the axillary meristems of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)0 aSomatic embryogenesis from the axillary meristems of peanut Arac  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcOCT  a333-3400 v33 a<p>Developmental anomalies in the plumule meristem of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) somatic embryos resulted in poor shoot differentiation and reduced plant recovery. Existing meristems with caulogenic potential have never been tested for embryogenesis in peanut. The present experiment was designed to test the mature zygotic embryo axis derived plumule with three meristems for somatic embryogenesis. Embryogenic masses and embryos developed from the caulogenic meristems in the axils. Exposure of 2 weeks in primary medium with 90.5 A mu M 2,4-D suppressed the shoot tip differentiation temporarily which then regained the ability to form the shoot on withdrawal of 2,4-D. Exposure of 4 weeks in primary medium with 90.5 A mu M 2,4-D suppressed the shoot tip differentiation irreversibly. No shoot formation was noted from the tips in any of the cultures which were in secondary medium with 13.6 A mu M 2,4-D. Development of somatic embryos directly from axillary meristems was confirmed histologically. Conversion frequency of these embryos was 11%. Thus, in this report, we describe a method to obtain somatic embryos from the determined organogenic buds of the axillary meristem, by culturing the nodal explant vertically on embryo induction medium. It also displays the possibility of obtaining both embryogenic and organogenic potential in two parts of the same explant simultaneously. The possibility of extending this approach for genetic transformation in in vivo system through direct DNA delivery or Agrobacterium injection in meristems can also be explored. Using Agrobacterium rhizogenes, we have demonstrated the possibility of gene transfer in the axillary meristems of seed-derived plumule explant.</p>10aApical meristem10aAxillary meristem10aMature zygotic embryo axis10aPeanut10asomatic embryogenesis1 aSingh, Shweta1 aHazra, Sulekha  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/somatic-embryogenesis-axillary-meristems-peanut-arachis-hypogaea-l-0