01757nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245006100055210006000116260009200176300001400268490000600282520086800288653002401156653001801180653000801198653000801206653000801214100002201222700001801244700002301262700002301285700002301308700003001331700002401361856009401385 2008 eng d a1533-488000aBacterial synthesis of copper/copper oxide nanoparticles0 aBacterial synthesis of coppercopper oxide nanoparticles a26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USAbAMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERScJUN a3191-31960 v83 a

A bacterial mediated synthesis of copper/copper oxide nanoparticle composite is reported. A Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the genus Serratia was isolated from the midgut of Stibara sp., an insect of the Cerambycidae family of beetles found in the Northwestern Ghats of India. This is a unique bacterium that is quite specific for the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles as several other strains isolated from the same insect and common Indian mosquitoes did not result in nanoparticle formation. By following the reaction systematically, we could delineate that the nanoparticle formation occurs intracellularly. However, the process results in the killing of bacterial cells. Subsequently the nanoparticles leak out as the cell wall disintegrates. The nanoparticles formed are thoroughly characterized by UV-Vis, TEM, XRD, XPS and FTIR studies.

10abacterial synthesis10aNanoparticles10aTEM10aXPS10aXRD1 aHasan, Syed, Saif1 aSingh, Sanjay1 aParikh, Rasesh, Y.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aPatole, Milind, S.1 aPrasad, Bhagavatula L. V.1 aShouche, Yogesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/bacterial-synthesis-coppercopper-oxide-nanoparticles-002058nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245011200055210006900167260008100236300000600317490000600323520117100329100002101500700001901521700002301540700002201563700002101585700001901606700002201625700001901647700002001666856013001686 2013 eng d a1757-474900aDraft genome of ochrobactrum intermedium strain M86 isolated from non-ulcer dyspeptic individual from India0 aDraft genome of ochrobactrum intermedium strain M86 isolated fro a236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLANDbBIOMED CENTRAL LTDcAPR a70 v53 a

Background: Ochrobactrum intermedium is an emerging opportunistic pathogen of humans that is closely related to members of the genus Brucella. Earlier, we reported the case of an Indian subject with non-ulcer dyspeptic symptoms whose urease positive gastric biopsy revealed the presence of Helicobacter pylori along with non-Helicobacter like bacteria, eventually cultured and identified as O. intermedium strain M86. Results: Here, we describe the unclosed draft genome of the strain M86 with a length of 5,188,688 bp and mean G+C content of 57.9%. We have also identified many putative gene clusters that might be responsible for its persistence in the gastric mucosa. Comparative analysis of genomic features of Ochrobactrum intermedium strain M86 and Ochrobactrum intermedium LMG 3301(T) was also done. Conclusions: This paper attempts to gain whole-genome based insights into the putative gene determinants of O. intermedium for survival in the highly acidic stomach lumen environment. Identification of genes putatively involved in the various metabolic pathways may lead to a better understanding of the survival of O. intermdedium in acidic condition.

1 aKulkarni, Girish1 aDhotre, Dhiraj1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aShetty, Sudarshan1 aChowdhury, Somak1 aMisra, Vatsala1 aMisra, Sriprakash1 aPatole, Milind1 aShouche, Yogesh uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/draft-genome-ochrobactrum-intermedium-strain-m86-isolated-non-ulcer-dyspeptic-individual-001963nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245017400055210006900229260006700298300001000365490000800375520103500383653002401418653004101442653003601483100002501519700002201544700002301566700002401589856013201613 2014 eng d a0378-109700aGenome sequencing analysis reveals virulence-related gene content of Ochrobactrum intermedium strain 229E, a urease-positive strain isolated from the human gastric niche0 aGenome sequencing analysis reveals virulencerelated gene content a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcOCT a12-150 v3593 a

We report draft genome sequence of Ochrobactrum intermedium strain 229E concurrent with Helicobacter pylori in urease positive gastric biopsy of non-ulcer dyspeptic individual from Southern part of India. Since the role of Ochrobactrum in human gastric environment is poorly understood, comprehensive pathological, microbiological, and genome level understanding are necessary to evaluate its association with H. pylori in the gastric niche. Comparative analysis of O. intermedium 299E strain revealed functional similarities with virulence related gene clusters present in H. pylori genomes, which probably might aid in its ability to persist in the human gastric mucosa. However, H. pylori specific vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA) involved in vacuolization, cytotoxicity, and T-cell inhibition was absent in the O. intermedium 229E genome. Taken together, O. intermedium 229E shared numerous features like secretion system, urease, and flagella with H. pylori genome sequence that might aid concurrence in the gastric niche.

10aHelicobacter pylori10aOchrobactrum intermedium strain 229E10avirulence related gene clusters1 aKulkarni, Girish, J.1 aShetty, Sudarshan1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aShouche, Yogesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/genome-sequencing-analysis-reveals-virulence-related-gene-content-ochrobactrum-intermedium-001917nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260006700240300001200307490000800319520106400327653001801391653002801409653000801437100002201445700002501467700002301492700002801515700002501543856011901568 2014 eng d a0378-109700aIsolation of streptococcus tigurinus - a novel member of streptococcus mitis group from a case of periodontitis0 aIsolation of streptococcus tigurinus a novel member of streptoco a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcAUG a131-1350 v3573 a

Streptococcus tigurinus is a new member of the Streptococcus viridians group and is closely related to Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus infantis. The type strain AZ_3a(T) of S. tigurinus was originally isolated from a patient with infective endocarditis. Accurate identification of S. tigurinus is facilitated only by newer molecular methods like 16S rRNA gene analysis. During the course of study on bacteraemia and infective endocarditis with reference to periodontitis and viridians group of streptococci, a strain of S. tigurinus isolated from subgingival plaque of a patient with periodontitis identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis, which was originally identified as Streptococcus pluranimalium by Vitek 2. Confirmation by 16S rRNA gene analysis showed 99.39% similarity (1476/1485 bp) with S. tigurinus AZ_3a(T) (AORU01000002). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation of S. tigurinus from the oral cavity of a periodontitis patient.

10aperiodontitis10aStreptococcus tigurinus10aVGS1 aDhotre, Shree, V.1 aMehetre, Gajanan, T.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aSuryawanshi, Namdev, M.1 aNagoba, Basavraj, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/isolation-streptococcus-tigurinus-novel-member-streptococcus-mitis-group-case-001437nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260011000226300001600336490000600352520070800358100002401066700002301090700002301113856013101136 2015 eng d a2046-206900aAntibiofilm activity of tert-BuOH functionalized ionic liquids with methylsulfonate counteranions0 aAntibiofilm activity of tertBuOH functionalized ionic liquids wi aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcAUG a68136-681420 v53 a

A series of varying alkyl chain length substituted tert-BuOH-functionalized-imidazolium mesylate salts [alkyl-(t)OHim][OMs] were synthesized and evaluated for antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm potential on selected pathogenic microorganisms including bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative), yeast, and fungi. The dodecyl substituted ionic liquid [C-12-(t)OHim][OMs] significantly prevented the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis at 100 mu M concentration as well as showed noteworthy antimicrobial activity. We conclude that the ionic liquids (ILs) bearing chain lengths lower than the dodecyl length were found to be less effective against most of the tested pathogenic microorganisms.

1 aNavale, Govinda, R.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aShinde, Sandip, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/antibiofilm-activity-tert-buoh-functionalized-ionic-liquids-methylsulfonate-counteranions-002483nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260011000220300001600330490000600346520165300352100002402005700002602029700002202055700002302077700002402100700002302124856013002147 2015 eng d a2046-206900aOxidative and membrane stress-mediated antibacterial activity of WS2 and rGO-WS2 nanosheets0 aOxidative and membrane stressmediated antibacterial activity of  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcAUG a74726-747330 v53 a

Graphene-based materials have strong cytotoxic attributes against bacteria due to their unique physicochemical properties. We examined the antibacterial activities of nanosheets of the graphene analogue tungsten disulphide (WS2) and a composite of reduced graphene oxide-tungsten disulphide (rGO-WS2), comparing them with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by a time and concentration dependent viability assay and growth curve studies against four bacterial strains: Gram negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium), and Gram positive Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). The nanosheets of the rGO-WS2 composite caused a more significant retardation in bacterial growth and inhibitory effect on the tested bacterial strains than WS2, followed by rGO. The tested E. coli and B. subtilis strains were more susceptible than the other strains. A mechanistic study revealed that rGO and WS2 did not produce the superoxide anion (O-2(-)) or reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the nanocomposite of rGO-WS2 did produce both. However, all these materials did oxidize glutathione, which serves as a redox state mediator in bacteria. We conclude that the antimicrobial mechanism is due to the combined effect of initial cell deposition on the rGO-WS2 materials, the membrane stress due to direct contact with the nanosheets, and the produced superoxide anion-independent oxidation mechanisms. The beneficial aspects of the physicochemical properties of rGO-WS2, such as its size and conductivity, can be precisely customized to reduce its health and environmental risk factors.

1 aNavale, Govinda, R.1 aRout, Chandra, Sekhar1 aGohil, Kushal, N.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aLate, Dattatray, J.1 aShinde, Sandip, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/oxidative-and-membrane-stress-mediated-antibacterial-activity-ws2-and-rgo-ws2-nanosheets-000653nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011900041210006900160260000800229300000800237490000600245100002300251700002000274700002000294700001700314700002400331856012800355 2015 eng d00aSwarm and swim motilities of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and role of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans0 aSwarm and swim motilities of salmonella enterica serovar typhimu cJAN a3-60 v31 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aKannan, Porteen1 aMurphy, Charles1 aSmith, Allen1 aBhagwat, Arvind, A. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/swarm-and-swim-motilities-salmonella-enterica-serovar-typhimurium-and-role-osmoregulated02273nas a2200193 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114260000800183300001200191490000700203520164200210100002201852700002301874700001501897700001701912700002401929700002101953856010501974 2015 eng d00aViridians group streptococci in patients undergoing tooth extraction0 aViridians group streptococci in patients undergoing tooth extrac cSEP a227-2330 v123 a

The aerobic microflora of the oral cavity consists of viridians group of streptococci (VGS). The present study was carried out with an objective to evaluate the prevalence of VGS in patients undergoing tooth extraction and to study their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Samples of subgingival dental plaques for microbiological studies were collected from 80 patients undergoing tooth extraction. The isolated streptococci were identified along with their antibacterial susceptibilities by automated Vitek 2 (bioMérieux) system in accordance with CLSI standards. A total of 260 VGS strains belonging to 05 phenotypic groups, namely mutans, salivarius, anginosus, sanguinus and mitis groups; along with few strains of Granulicatella like G. adiacens and G. elegans. Altogether a total of 15 species were isolated from the subgingival plaque of 80 patients undergoing tooth extraction. Among the 15 antibiotics tested, highest resistance was observed to lincosamides (36.2%) followed by macrolides (29.7%), tetracyclines (17.7%), cephems (15.1%), fluoroquinolones (14.4%), oxazolidinones (13.5%), streptogramins (12.7 %) and penicillins (7.9%). However, all the 260 VGS strains were found susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. In the subgingival plaque of patients undergoing tooth extraction, approximately 70% of streptococci belonged to three VGS groups, i.e. mitis, sanguinis and mutans groups. Streptococci of salivarus and anginosus groups were isolated sporadically (5%). Highest resistance was observed to lincosamides and macrolides (29.7%). Multiple antibiotic resistance was observed in mitis and salivarius group.

1 aDhotre, Shree, V.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aPotdar, S.1 aSuklikar, J.1 aSuryawanshi, Namdev1 aNagoba, Basavraj uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/viridians-group-streptococci-patients-undergoing-tooth-extraction02138nas a2200169 4500008004100000245014300041210006900184260000800253300001200261490000600273520146200279100002501741700002401766700002601790700002301816856012901839 2016 eng d00aComplete metagenome sequencing based bacterial diversity and functional insights from basaltic hot spring of Unkeshwar, Maharashtra, India0 aComplete metagenome sequencing based bacterial diversity and fun cMAR a140-1430 v73 a

Unkeshwar hot springs are located at geographical South East Deccan Continental basalt of India. Here, we report the microbial community analysis of this hot spring using whole metagenome shotgun sequencing approach. The analysis revealed a total of 848,096 reads with 212.87Mbps with 50.87% G+C content. Metagenomic sequences were deposited in SRA database with accession number (SUB1242219). Community analysis revealed 99.98% sequences belonging to bacteria and 0.01% to archaea and 0.01% to Viruses. The data obtained revealed 41 phyla including bacteria and Archaea and including 719 different species. In taxonomic analysis, the dominant phyla were found as, Actinobacteria (56%), Verrucomicrobia (24%), Bacteriodes (13%), Deinococcus-Thermus (3%) and firmicutes (2%) and Viruses (2%). Furthermore, functional annotation using pathway information revealed dynamic potential of hot spring community in terms of metabolism, environmental information processing, cellular processes and other important aspects. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of each contig sequence by assigning KEGG Orthology (KO) numbers revealed contig sequences that were assigned to metabolism, organismal system, Environmental Information Processing, cellular processes and human diseases with some unclassified sequences. The Unkeshwar hot springs offer rich phylogenetic diversity and metabolic potential for biotechnological applications.

1 aMehetre, Gajanan, T.1 aParanjpe, Aditi, S.1 aDastager, Syed, Gulam1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/complete-metagenome-sequencing-based-bacterial-diversity-and-functional-insights-basaltic01684nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260007600239300001200315490000600327520077300333653001501106653001501121653002101136653001201157100001801169700002301187700001601210700002501226700002301251700002501274856013101299 2016 eng d a1876-034100aDetection of clostridium tetani in human clinical samples using tetX specific primers targeting the neurotoxin0 aDetection of clostridium tetani in human clinical samples using  a84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDONcJUL a105-1090 v93 a

Tetanus resulting from ear injury remains an important health problem, particularly in the developing world. We report the successful detection of Clostridium tetani using tetX specific primers targeting the Cl. tetani neurotoxin. The sample was obtained from an ear discharge of a case of otogenic tetanus in a 2-year-old male child. Based on the culture results of the ear discharge, Gram staining and virulence testing by genotyping, a diagnosis of tetanus was confirmed. This is the first report from India on the successful detection of Cl. tetani in a human clinical sample using tetX specific primers targeting the Cl. tetani neurotoxin. (C) 2015 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. Published by Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.

10aCl. tetani10aNeurotoxin10aOtogenic tetanus10aTrismus1 aGanesh, Madhu1 aSheikh, Nasira, K.1 aShah, Pooja1 aMehetre, Gajanan, T.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aNagoba, Basavraj, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/detection-clostridium-tetani-human-clinical-samples-using-tetx-specific-primers-targeting-001139nas a2200157 4500008004100000245013700041210006900178260000800247490000600255520049900261100002500760700002000785700002600805700002300831856012700854 2016 eng d00aInvestigation of microbial diversity in geothermal hot springs in Unkeshwar, India, based on 16S rRNA amplicon metagenome sequencing0 aInvestigation of microbial diversity in geothermal hot springs i cFEB0 v43 a

Microbial diversity in geothermal waters of the Unkeshwar hot springs in Maharashtra, India, was studied using 16S rRNA amplicon metagenomic sequencing. Taxonomic analysis revealed the presence of Bacteroidetes , Proteobacteria , Cyanobacteria , Actinobacteria , Archeae , and OD1 phyla. Metabolic function prediction analysis indicated a battery of biological information systems indicating rich and novel microbial diversity, with potential biotechnological applications in this niche.

1 aMehetre, Gajanan, T.1 aParanjpe, Aditi1 aDastager, Syed, Gulam1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/investigation-microbial-diversity-geothermal-hot-springs-unkeshwar-india-based-16s-rrna02159nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245016500055210006900220260008600289300001200375490000700387520123900394653001001633653001801643653001601661653002501677100002901702700002401731700002301755700002101778856013001799 2016 eng d a1082-606800aPurification and partial characterization of novel penicillin V acylase from Acinetobacter sp AP24 isolated from loktak lake, an indo-burma biodiversity hotspot0 aPurification and partial characterization of novel penicillin V  a530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USAbTAYLOR & FRANCIS INCcOCT a524-5300 v463 a

Members of the bacterial genus Acinetobacter have attracted great attention over the past few decades, on account of their various biotechnological applications and clinical implications. In this study, we are reporting the first experimental penicillin V acylase (PVA) activity from this genus. Penicillin acylases are pharmaceutically important enzymes widely used in the synthesis of semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotics. The bacterium, identified as Acinetobacter sp. AP24, was isolated from the water of Loktak Lake (Manipur, India), an Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. PVA production was increased threefold in an optimized medium with 0.2% sodium glutamate and 1% glucose as nitrogen and carbon sources respectively, after 24hr of fermentation at 28 degrees C and pH 7.0 with shaking at 180rpm. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by cation-exchange chromatography using SP-sepharose resin. The PVA is a homotetramer with subunit molecular mass of 34 kD. The enzyme was highly specific toward penicillin V with optimal hydrolytic activity at 40 degrees C and pH 7.5. The enzyme was stable from pH 5.0 to 9.0 at 25 degrees C for 2hr. The enzyme retained 75% activity after 1hr of incubation at 40 degrees C at pH 7.5.

10a6-APA10aAcinetobacter10aLoktak Lake10aPenicillin V acylase1 aPhilem, Pushparani, Devi1 aSonalkar, Vidya, V.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aPrabhune, Asmita uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/purification-and-partial-characterization-novel-penicillin-v-acylase-acinetobacter-sp-ap2401462nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300001000197490000900207520091800216100002301134700002501157700002201182856011201204 2017 eng d00aMolecular methods for identification of clostridium tetani by targeting neurotoxin0 aMolecular methods for identification of clostridium tetani by ta a37-470 v16003 aTetanus is a potentially fatal muscle spasm disease. It is an important public health problem, especially in rural/tribal areas of developing countries. Tetanus toxin, a neurotoxin (tetanospasmin ), is the most important virulence factor that plays a key role in the pathogenicity of tetanus . Confirmation of virulence by confirming the production of tetanospasmin by infecting species forms the most important part in the diagnosis of tetanus . Various molecular methods have been devised for confirmation of diagnosis by targeting different genes. The most common molecular methods are tetanospasmin producing (TetX) gene-targeted methods using TetX-specific primers. Here, we describe various molecular methods targeting TetX gene such as polymerase chain reaction, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Southern blotting, loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay, etc. to confirm the virulence of Cl. tetani.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aNagoba, Basavraj, S.1 aGohil, Kushal, N. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/molecular-methods-identification-clostridium-tetani-targeting-neurotoxin02397nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001500041245012400056210006900180260000800249490000600257520171300263100002001976700002301996700002202019700002002041700002302061856013102084 2018 eng d a 2190-572X00aCharacterization of mineral phosphate solubilizing and plant growth promoting bacteria from termite soil of arid region0 aCharacterization of mineral phosphate solubilizing and plant gro cOCT0 v83 aFive highly efficient phosphate solubilizing bacteria, viz., Pantoea sp. A3, Pantoea sp. A34, Kosakonia sp. A37, Kosakonia sp. B7 and Bacillus sp. AH9 were isolated from termitorial soils of Sanjivani island of southern Maharashtra, India. These isolates were characterized and explored for phosphate solubilization and plant growth promotion. Among these, Bacillus sp. AH9 showed highest phosphate solubilization index (3.5) and solubilization efficiency (250%) on Pikovskaya agar. Interestingly, Pantoea sp. A34 displayed maximum mineral phosphate solubilization (1072.35mg/L) in liquid medium and during this period the pH dropped to 3.13. All five isolates had highest P solubilization at 48h after inoculation. During mineral phosphate solubilization, both gluconic acid and 2-keto gluconic acid were produced by Kosakonia and Bacillus isolates, while only 2-keto gluconic acid was detected in Pantoea isolates. Highest organic acid (39.07 +/- 0.04g/L) production was envisaged in Bacillus sp. AH9, while Pantoea sp. A34 produced the least amount (13.00 +/- 0.01g/L) of organic acid. Seed bacterization with Pantoea sp. A3 and Kosakonia sp. A37 resulted in 37% and 53% increase in root length of tomato seedlings, respectively, while Pantoea sp. A34 and Kosakonia sp. B7 had deleterious effects on root length as well as overall growth of the seedlings. To our knowledge, this is the first report of plant growth promoting potential of microorganisms isolated from termitorial soil of Sanjivani island, which is a drought-prone area. Therefore, such efficient growth promoting P solubilizers can offer an effective solution for sustainable agriculture in arid, dryland farming and drought-prone regions.1 aChakdar, Hillol1 aDastager, Syed, G.1 aKhire, Jayant, M.1 aRane, Digeshwar1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/characterization-mineral-phosphate-solubilizing-and-plant-growth-promoting-bacteria-termite02947nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001200041245009300053210006900146260000900215300001200224490000800236520215500244653002402399653001902423653001602442653001702458653001302475100002502488700001602513700002602529700002302555856012702578 2018 eng d a302893300aUntapped bacterial diversity and metabolic potential within Unkeshwar hot springs, India0 aUntapped bacterial diversity and metabolic potential within Unke cJUL  a753-7700 v2003 a

Hot springs support diverse and interesting groups of microorganisms adapted to extreme conditions and gaining attention in biotechnological applications. However, due to limitations of cultivation methods, a majority of such extremophiles remain uncultivated and unexplored. The advent of multiple cultivation conditions and specialized culture media could possibly aid to access the unexplored microbial portion of hot springs. In the present study, different media and isolation strategies were applied to isolate hitherto unexplored bacterial taxa in the water samples collected from Unkeshwar hot springs, India. Molecular, phylogenetic and predictive functional characterization of the isolated bacterial population was done using 16S rRNA sequencing coupled with Tax4Fun tools. Furthermore, representative isolates were screened for important enzymes (cellulase, xylanase, amylase, and protease) and heavy metal tolerance (chromium, arsenic) properties. A total of 454 bacterial isolates obtained were mapped into 57 unique bacterial genera and 4 different bacterial phyla. Interestingly, 37 genera not previously isolated from Indian hot springs, were isolated for the first time in the present study. However, most of these genera (23 out of 37) were reported only in metagenomics studies from Indian and global hot springs. Furthermore, around 14 genera not previously cultivated and not detected in metagenomics studies of hot springs are documented here. The metabolic potential was ascertained by determining the abundance of specific genes using in silico based Tax4Fun tool, which identified around 315 metabolic pathways for metabolism of carbohydrates, synthesis of secondary metabolites and degradation of xenobiotic compounds. Bioprospection study revealed that 33 and 25 bacterial genera were positive for enzyme production and resistance to the heavy metals, respectively. The present study revealed the advantages of cultivation methods using a comprehensive multiple isolation approach for exploring untapped and unique bacterial diversity, and also utilities for various biotechnological and environmental applications.

10aBacterial diversity10aBioprospecting10aCultivation10aHeavy metals10aUntapped1 aMehetre, Gajanan, T.1 aShah, Manan1 aDastager, Syed, Gulam1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/untapped-bacterial-diversity-and-metabolic-potential-within-unkeshwar-hot-springs-india05035nas a2200205 4500008004100000245016600041210006900207260000800276300001400284490000600298520424600304100002504550700001904575700002404594700001404618700002104632700002304653700002204676856013104698 2019 eng d00aBioactivities and molecular networking-based elucidation of metabolites of potent actinobacterial strains isolated from the Unkeshwar geothermal springs in India0 aBioactivities and molecular networkingbased elucidation of metab cMAR a9850-98590 v93 a

The bioactive potential of Actinobacteria endemic to hot springs has rarely been investigated. This study highlights the cultivable diversity and bioactivities of Actinobacteria associated with the Unkeshwar hot springs, India. Potent strains were evaluated for their biosynthetic potentials and metabolite analysis was performed using effective dereplication molecular networking tools. A total of 86 actinobacterial strains were isolated and grouped into 21 distinct genera, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. These strains included rare members such as Micromonospora, Marmoricola, Actinomadura, Cellulomonas, Cellulosimicrobium, Janibacter, Rothia, Barrentisimonas, Dietzia and Glycomyces. In antimicrobial screening, Micromonospora sp. strain GH99 and Streptomyces sp. strain GH176 were found to be potent antimicrobial strains. The metabolic extracts of these strains exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis (NCIM 2493), Shigella flexneri (NCIM 5265), Klebsiella pneumonia (NCIM 2098), and Salmonella abony (NCIM 2257). The extracts also displayed strong anti-biofilm and anticancer activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCIM 5029), Acinetobacter junii (NCIM 5188) and breast cancer cell line MCF7, respectively. Both strains also tested positive for the presence of the PKS biosynthetic gene cluster in their genomes. To effectively delineate the secondary metabolites, the extracts were subjected to MS/MS-guided molecular networking analysis. Structurally diverse compounds including the polyketides 22-dehydroxymethyl-kijanolide (GH99 strain) and Abyssomicin I (GH176 strain) were detected in the extracts. Interestingly, Brevianamide F was detected in the extract of Micromonospora, which has previously been mostly found in fungal species. Other compounds such as cyclic tripeptides, Cyclo(l-Pro-d-Ile) and Cyclo(d-Pro-l-Phe), were also identified in this strain. In summary, for the first time, we explored the diversity of Actinobacteria and evaluated their bioactive potential from the Unkeshwar hot springs. The potent strains isolated in the study could be useful in drug discovery programs.

1 aMehetre, Gajanan, T.1 aVinodh, J., S.1 aBurkul, Bhushan, B.1 aDesai, D.1 aSanthakumari, B.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aDastager, Syed, G uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/bioactivities-and-molecular-networking-based-elucidation-metabolites-potent-actinobacterial02891nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245015700055210006900212260000800281300001000289490000800299520204400307653001902351653001902370653001402389653001802403653000902421653001702430100002502447700002302472700002302495856013102518 2019 eng d a0048-969700aBiodegradation of mixed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by pure and mixed cultures of biosurfactant producing thermophilic and thermo-tolerant bacteria0 aBiodegradation of mixed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by pure cAUG a52-600 v6793 a

Applicability of thermophilic and thereto-tolerant microorganisms for biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with low water solubility is an interesting strategy for improving the biodegradation efficiency. In this study, we evaluated utility of thermophilic and thermo-tolerant bacteria isolated from Unkeshwar hot spring (India) for biodegradation of four different PAHs. Water samples were enriched in mineral salt medium (MSM) containing a mixture of four PAHs compounds (anthracene: ANT, fluorene: FLU, phenanthrenc: PHE and pyrene: PYR) at 37 degrees C and 50 degrees C. After growth based screening, four potent strains obtained which were identified as Aeribacillus pallidus (UCPS2), Bacillus axarquiensis (UCPD1), Bacillus siamensis (GHP76) and Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum (U277) based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Degradation of mixed PAH compounds was evaluated by pure as well as mixed cultures under shake flask conditions using MSM supplemented with 200 mg/L concentration of PAHs (50 mg/L of each compound) for 15 days at 37 degrees C and 50 degrees C. A relatively higher degradation of ANT (92% - 96%), FLU (83% - 86%), PHE (16% - 54%) and PYR (51% - 71%) was achieved at 50 degrees C by Aeribacillus sp. (UCPS2) and mixed culture. Furthermore, crude oil was used as a substrate to study the degradation of same PAHs using these organisms which also revealed with similar results with the higher degradation at 50 degrees C. Interestingly, PAH-degrading strains were also positive for biosurfactant production. Biosurfactants were identified as the variants of surfactins (lipopeptide biosurfactants) based on analytical tools and phylogenetic analysis of the surfactin genes. Overall, this study has shown that hot spring microbes may have a potential for PAHs degradation and also biosurfactant production at a higher temperature, which could provide a novel perspective for removal of PAHs residues from oil contaminated sites. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10aBiodegradation10aBiosurfactants10aCrude oil10aMixed culture10aPAHs10aThermophiles1 aMehetre, Gajanan, T.1 aDastager, Syed, G.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biodegradation-mixed-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-pure-and-mixed-cultures-biosurfactant03154nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245016500055210006900220260000800289300001200297490000800309520217000317653002002487653001102507653001702518653002402535653001102559100001902570700001602589700002302605700002102628700001802649700002302667700002302690700002202713856012902735 2019 eng d a0048-969700aMetagenomic insights to understand transient influence of Yamuna River on taxonomic and functional aspects of bacterial and archaeal communities of River Ganges0 aMetagenomic insights to understand transient influence of Yamuna cJUL a288-2990 v6743 a

River confluences are interesting ecosystems to investigate for their microbial community structure and functional potentials. River Ganges is one of the most important and holy river of India with great mythological history and religious significance. The Yamuna River meets Ganges at the Prayagraj (formerly known as Allahabad), India to form a unique confluence. The influence of Yamuna River on taxonomic and functional aspects of microbiome at this confluence and its downstream, remains unexplored. To unveil this dearth, whole metagenome sequencing of the microbial (bacterial and archaeal) community from the sediment samples of December 2017 sampling expedition was executed using high throughput MinION technology. Results revealed differences in the relative abundance of bacterial and archaeal communities across the confluence. Grouped by the confluence, a higher abundance of Proteobacteria and lower abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firnacutes was observed for Yamuna River (G15Y) and at immediate downstream of confluence of Ganges (G15DS), as compared to the upstream, confluence, and farther downstream of confluence. A similar trend was observed for archaeal communities with a higher abundance of Euryarchaeoto in G15Y and G15DS, indicating Yamuna River's influence. Functional gene(s) analysis revealed the influence of Yamuna River on xenobiotic degradation, resistance to toxic compounds, and antibiotic resistance interceded by the autochthonous microbes at the confluence and succeeding downstream locations. Overall, similar taxonomic and functional profiles of microbial communities before confluence (upstream of Ganges) and farther downstream of confluence, suggested a transient influence of Yamuna River. Our study is significant since it may be foundational basis to understand impact of Yamuna River and also rare event of mass bathing on the microbiome of River Ganges. Further investigation would be required to understand, the underlying cause behind the restoration of microbial profiles post-confluence farther zone, to unravel the rejuvenation aspects of this unique ecosystem. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.A. All rights reserved.

10aConfluence zone10aGanges10aMetagenomics10aTransient influence10aYamuna1 aSamson, Rachel1 aShah, Manan1 aYadav, Rakeshkumar1 aSarode, Priyanka1 aRajput, Vinay1 aDastager, Syed, G.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aKhairnar, Krishna uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/metagenomic-insights-understand-transient-influence-yamuna-river-taxonomic-and-functional02270nas a2200241 4500008004100000245007000041210006900111260000900180300001600189490000700205520148900212100002201701700002301723700002401746700001601770700002001786700002801806700002501834700002301859700002101882700002301903856010201926 2020 eng d00aApproach to nigericin derivatives and their therapeutic potential0 aApproach to nigericin derivatives and their therapeutic potentia cNOV  a43085-430910 v103 a

A new nigericin analogue that has been chemically modified was synthesized through a fluorination process from the parent nigericin, produced from a novel Streptomyces strain DASNCL-29. Fermentation strategies were designed for the optimised production of nigericin molecule and subjected for purification and structural analysis. The fermentation process resulted in the highest yield of nigericin (33% (w/w)). Initially, nigericin produced from the strain DASNCL-29 demonstrated polymorphism in its crystal structure, i.e., monoclinic and orthorhombic crystal lattices when crystallised with methanol and hexane, respectively. Furthermore, nigericin produced has been subjected to chemical modification by fluorination to enhance its efficacy. Two fluorinated analogues revealed that they possess a very potent antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. To date, the nigericin molecule has not been reported for any reaction against Gram-negative bacteria, which are increasingly becoming resistant to antibiotics. For the first time, fluorinated analogues of nigericin have shown promising activity. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis of fluorinated analogues demonstrated tenfold lesser toxicity than the parent nigericin. This is the first type of study where the fluorinated analogues of nigericin showed very encouraging activity against Gram-negative organisms; moreover, they can be used as a candidate for treating many serious infections.

1 aSahu, Amit, Kumar1 aSaid, Madhukar, S.1 aHingamire, Tejashri1 aGaur, Megha1 aKhan, Abujunaid1 aShanmugam, Dhanasekaran1 aBarvkar, Vitthal, T.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aBharde, Atul, A.1 aDastager, Syed, G. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/approach-nigericin-derivatives-and-their-therapeutic-potential02195nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245005700055210005500112260000800167300000800175490000700183520157300190653001501763653001301778653002001791653001501811100001901826700002401845700002301869856008501892 2020 eng d a2190-572X00aBiosensors: frontiers in rapid detection of COVID-190 aBiosensors frontiers in rapid detection of COVID19 cAUG a3850 v103 a

The rapid community-spread of novel human coronavirus 2019 (nCOVID19 or SARS-Cov2) and morbidity statistics has put forth an unprecedented urge for rapid diagnostics for quick and sensitive detection followed by contact tracing and containment strategies, especially when no vaccine or therapeutics are known. Currently, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is being used widely to detect COVID-19 from various types of biological specimens, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive and may not be rapidly deployable in remote or resource-limited settings. This might lead to hindrance in acquiring realistic data of infectivity and community spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the population. This review summarizes the existing status of current diagnostic methods, their possible limitations, and the advantages of biosensor-based diagnostics over the conventional ones for the detection of SARS-Cov-2. Novel biosensors used to detect RNA-viruses include CRISPR-Cas9 based paper strip, nucleic-acid based, aptamer-based, antigen-Au/Ag nanoparticles-based electrochemical biosensor, optical biosensor, and Surface Plasmon Resonance. These could be effective tools for rapid, authentic, portable, and more promising diagnosis in the current pandemic that has affected the world economies and humanity. Present challenges and future perspectives of developing robust biosensors devices for rapid, scalable, and sensitive detection and management of COVID-19 are presented in light of the test-test-test theme of the World Health Organization (WHO).

10aBiosensors10aCOVID-1910aRapid detection10aSARS-CoV-21 aSamson, Rachel1 aNavale, Govinda, R.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biosensors-frontiers-rapid-detection-covid-1901650nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245008700055210006900142260000800211300001200219490000700231520080900238653003401047653002701081653003101108653002801139653002501167100002701192700002401219700002301243700002301266856011901289 2020 eng d a0930-751600aContinuous interfacial centrifugal separation and recovery of silver nanoparticles0 aContinuous interfacial centrifugal separation and recovery of si cMAR a582-5920 v433 a

Continuous-flow separation and recovery of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an annular centrifugal extractor (ACE) is demonstrated. Separation was achieved at the liquid-liquid interface based on the balance between centrifugal force and the solubility of the capping agent. A mathematical model is presented to understand the mechanism in greater detail. The separation of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)-coated AgNPs in an ACE using a strong immiscible solvent was performed. The material accumulated at the interface was separated periodically without discontinuing the operation. The method is also suitable for separation of large particles or 1D/2D nanostructures even employing a single annular centrifugal extractor. Stable AgNPs were selected for a detailed antimicrobial activity study.

10aAnnular centrifugal extractor10aAntimicrobial activity10aContinuous-flow separation10aLiquid-liquid interface10asilver nanoparticles1 aDeshpande, Jaydeep, B.1 aNavale, Govinda, R.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aKulkarni, Amol, A. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/continuous-interfacial-centrifugal-separation-and-recovery-silver-nanoparticles05367nas a2200205 4500008004100000245017900041210006900220260000800289490000800297520456800305100001904873700001804892700001604910700002304926700002104949700002304970700002304993700002205016856012305038 2020 eng d00aDeciphering taxonomic and functional diversity of fungi as potential bioindicators within confluence stretch of Ganges and Yamuna Rivers, impacted by anthropogenic activities0 aDeciphering taxonomic and functional diversity of fungi as poten cAUG0 v2523 a

River confluences are interesting ecological niche with limited information in respect of the structure and the functions of diverse microbial communities. Fungi are gaining global attention as promising biological spectacles for defining the trophic status of riverine systems. We condense existing knowledge in confluence diversity in two Indian rivers (i.e. Ganges and Yamuna), by combining sediment metagenomics using long read aided MinION nanopore sequencing. A total of 63 OTU’s were observed, of which top 20 OTU’s were considered based on relative abundance of each OTU at a particular location. Fungal genera such as Aspergillus, PenicilliumKluveromyces, Lodderomyces, and Nakaseomyces were deciphered as potential bio indicators of river pollution and eutrophication in the confluent zone. In silico functional gene analysis uncovered hits for neurodegenerative diseases and xenobiotic degradation potential, supporting bioindication of river pollution in wake of anthropogenic intervention.

1 aSamson, Rachel1 aRajput, Vinay1 aShah, Manan1 aYadav, Rakeshkumar1 aSarode, Priyanka1 aDastager, Syed, G.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aKhairnar, Krishna uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/deciphering-taxonomic-and-functional-diversity-fungi-potential-bioindicators-within02416nas a2200301 4500008004100000020001400041022001400055245012000069210006900189260000800258300001600266490000700282520145200289653001501741653001201756653001901768653000601787653001901793653002201812100002401834700001601858700002401874700001701898700002401915700002301939700002201962856013001984 2020 eng d a1572-8862 a1040-727800aInhibition of quorum sensing, motility and biofilm formation ofpseudomonas aeruginosaby copper oxide nanostructures0 aInhibition of quorum sensing motility and biofilm formation ofps cOCT a1531 - 15410 v323 a

Quorum sensing (QS) is the communication between bacterial cells governed by their population density and regulated by the genes controlling virulence factors and biofilm formation. Multiple mechanisms of biofilms are resistive to antimicrobial chemotherapy; therefore novel strategies are required to overcome its limitations. Here, we report the effect of various copper oxide nanostructures (CuO-NSs) on quorum sensing inhibition. The two-dimensional CuO-NSs such as interlaced nanodiscs, nanodiscs and leaf-shaped nanosheets are prepared via a simple chemical method. The Quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) activity of all the CuO-NS are examined using reporter strainChromobacterium violaceumCV026 andEscherichia colipSB1142. We found that the CuO-interlaced nanodisc structures exhibit better QSI activity than nanodiscs and leaf-shaped sheets. The interlaced nanodisc structures are inhibited various long-chainN-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) mediated QS individually and confirmed by other QS-associated phenomena forPseudomonas aeruginosa, including biofilm inhibition, inhibition of virulence factors such as pyocyanin, protease production and swarming motility. Thus QSI activity of CuO-NSs is solely dependent on specific shape offering large surface area and more active sites. The CuO-NS is effective quorum sensing inhibitors, which has potential clinical applications in the management ofP. aeruginosaassociated infections.

10aaeruginosa10aBiofilm10aNanostructures10aP10aquorum sensing10aVirulence factors1 aDesai, Dnyanada, G.1 aSwarali, H.1 aNavale, Govinda, R.1 aPrabhune, A.1 aLate, Dattatray, J.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aWalke, Pravin, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/inhibition-quorum-sensing-motility-and-biofilm-formation-ofpseudomonas-aeruginosaby-copper02478nas a2200157 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260000800215300002400223490000600247520186600253100002502119700002302144700002302167856013002190 2020 eng d00aIsolation of potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from a novel marine bacterium Arthrobacter enclensis0 aIsolation of potent alphaglucosidase inhibitor from a novel mari cFEB aArticle number: 4740 v23 a

Alpha-glucosidases are involved in the hydrolyzation of glycosidic bond of di- or oligo-saccharides into mono-saccharides, thus help in the breakdown and absorption of sugars. Inhibition of alpha-glucosidases by inhibitors tend to slow break down and release of sugars into the bloodstream and can be used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. In particular, some of the inhibitors are used in the treatment mainly acarbose, voglibose, and miglitol. In this study, we have reported the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory compound from a newly described marine bacterium Arthrobacter enclensis. The purified compound from A. enclensis was identified by HPLC, and further FTIR and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) methods. The purified compound was annotated and identified by a Web tool CFM-ID (Competitive Fragmentation Modeling for Metabolite Identification). From analysis it was found that the compound showed high similarity with acarbose which is a C7N aminocyclitol compound. Further, we analyze the draft genome of A. enclensis using anti-SMASH. We observed that it matches the homology with biosynthetic gene cluster of acarviostatin and acarbose with 11% and 7% respectively. We demonstrated that, the purified compound from A. enclensis shows the inhibitory activity against alpha-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 500 ± 0.142 μg/ml as compared to standard acarbose, which showed an IC50 value of 200 ± 0.012 μg/ml. This result suggests that A. enclensis has a tendency to produce a C7N aminocyclitol like molecule which matched to acarbose and it uses different biosynthetic gene cluster for the synthesis of C7N aminocyclitol like molecule, which can be further used for the production and treatment purpose.

1 aMawlankar, Rahul, B.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aDastager, Syed, G. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/isolation-potent-alpha-glucosidase-inhibitor-novel-marine-bacterium-arthrobacter-enclensis02413nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245014600055210006900201260000800270300001200278490000700290520142000297653002701717653002501744653002401769653002501793653002501818653002501843100002101868700002301889700002301912700002301935700002401958700002701982856012602009 2021 eng d a1040-727800aEichhornia crassipes mediated bioinspired synthesis of crystalline nano silver as an integrated medicinal material: a waste to value approach0 aEichhornia crassipes mediated bioinspired synthesis of crystalli cMAR a391-4040 v323 a

The present study deals with the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Eichhornia crassipes. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed for nanoparticle characterization. The aqueous plant extract of Eichhornia crassipes was phytochemically analyzed for phenol, flavonoid, reducing sugar content, alkaloids, saponins and carotenoids. The synthesized particles after optimization of important parameters have an average diameter of 12.48 +/- 3.43 nm with a spherical morphology and zeta potential of - 31.53 mV. At 100 mu g/ml of nanoparticle concentration, the antioxidant activity of 93.6% was observed. MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) values exhibiting the antimicrobial attributes reported an estimated value of 7.8 mu g/ml for gram-negative and higher values of 31.25 and 250 mu g/ml for gram-positive bacteria. The antibiofilm assay showed 86.89% and 74.7% of the reduction in violacein synthesis and biofilm inhibition respectively at 15 mu g/ml nanoparticle concentration. The anticancer assay reported the IC50 (Inhibitory concentration) values of 13.32, 14.71 and 19.91 mu g/ml for HeLa, HCT 116 and L6 cell lines respectively. Thus the study establishes a significant integrative treatment to combat secondary infections in cancer patients. Graphic

10aantibacterial activity10aAntibiofilm activity10aAnticancer activity10aAntioxidant activity10aEichhornia crassipes10asilver nanoparticles1 aMoudgil, Aliesha1 aDeval, Animesh, S.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aSarkar, Dhiman, M.1 aChoudhari, Amit, S.1 aChaudhari, Bhushan, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/eichhornia-crassipes-mediated-bioinspired-synthesis-crystalline-nano-silver-integrated06307nas a2201765 4500008004100000022001400041245009500055210006900150260000900219300001100228490000700239520113100246100001901377700001901396700002101415700002001436700001701456700002601473700002101499700002301520700001501543700002701558700003401585700002101619700002801640700001701668700001701685700002801702700003001730700002401760700001801784700002301802700001901825700002601844700002601870700003301896700001801929700001801947700002401965700003001989700002702019700002702046700001702073700002602090700002102116700002702137700002402164700003502188700002502223700002802248700002702276700002102303700001802324700002002342700002902362700001602391700001802407700002002425700002002445700001902465700002402484700001902508700002302527700002202550700002402572700001702596700002202613700002102635700002302656700002702679700002202706700001902728700001802747700001802765700001802783700002102801700002002822700002002842700002502862700002102887700001902908700002802927700002502955700001802980700001902998700002203017700002903039700002403068700002603092700002203118700001603140700002403156700002803180700002103208700002203229700002603251700001903277700002703296700001903323700002103342700002303363700002203386700001603408700002703424700001803451700001703469700001503486700001903501700002203520700002003542700002103562700002703583700002303610700002403633700001803657700002103675700002403696700002703720700001803747700002503765700002103790700002103811700003203832700002503864700002203889700002203911700001803933700002503951700001903976700002103995700002004016700002004036700002104056700002204077700002904099700002204128700002304150700003204173700002404205700002904229700002304258700001804281700002104299700002504320700001804345700002004363700001804383700002304401856011704424 2021 eng d a2050-084X00aInsights from a pan India Sero-epidemiological survey (Phenome-India Cohort) for SARS-CoV20 aInsights from a pan India Seroepidemiological survey PhenomeIndi cAPR  ae665370 v103 a

To understand the spread of SARS-CoV2, in August and September 2020, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (India) conducted a serosurvey across its constituent laboratories and centers across India. Of 10,427 volunteers, 1058 (10.14%) tested positive for SARS-CoV2 anti-nucleocapsid (anti-NC) antibodies, 95% of which had surrogate neutralization activity. Three-fourth of these recalled no symptoms. Repeat serology tests at 3 (n = 607) and 6 (n = 175) months showed stable anti-NC antibodies but declining neutralization activity. Local seropositivity was higher in densely populated cities and was inversely correlated with a 30-day change in regional test positivity rates (TPRs). Regional seropositivity above 10% was associated with declining TPR. Personal factors associated with higher odds of seropositivity were high-exposure work (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, p value: 2.23, 1.92-2.59, <0.0001), use of public transport (1.79, 1.43-2.24, <0.0001), not smoking (1.52, 1.16-1.99, 0.0257), non-vegetarian diet (1.67, 1.41-1.99, <0.0001), and B blood group (1.36, 1.15-1.61, 0.001).

1 aNaushin, Salwa1 aSardana, Viren1 aUjjainiya, Rajat1 aBhatheja, Nitin1 aKutum, Rintu1 aBhaskar, Akash, Kumar1 aPradhan, Shalini1 aPrakash, Satyartha1 aKhan, Raju1 aRawat, Birendra, Singh1 aTallapaka, Karthik, Bharadwaj1 aAnumalla, Mahesh1 aChandak, Giriraj, Ratan1 aLahiri, Amit1 aKar, Susanta1 aMulay, Shrikant, Ramesh1 aMugale, Madhav, Nilakanth1 aSrivastava, Mrigank1 aKhan, Shaziya1 aSrivastava, Anjali1 aTomar, Bhawana1 aVeerapandian, Murugan1 aVenkatachalam, Ganesh1 aVijayakumar, Selvamani, Raja1 aAgarwal, Ajay1 aGupta, Dinesh1 aHalami, Prakash, M.1 aPeddha, Muthukumar, Serva1 aSundaram, Gopinath, M.1 aVeeranna, Ravindra, P.1 aPal, Anirban1 aAgarwal, Vinay, Kumar1 aMaurya, Anil, Ku1 aSingh, Ranvijay, Kumar1 aRaman, Ashok, Kumar1 aAnandasadagopan, Suresh, Kumar1 aKaruppanan, Parimala1 aVenkatesan, Subramanian1 aSardana, Harish, Kumar1 aKothari, Anamika1 aJain, Rishabh1 aThakur, Anupama1 aParihar, Devendra, Singh1 aSaifi, Anas1 aKaur, Jasleen1 aKumar, Virendra1 aMishra, Avinash1 aGogeri, Iranna1 aRayasam, Geethavani1 aSingh, Praveen1 aChakraborty, Rahul1 aChaturvedi, Gaura1 aKarunakar, Pinreddy1 aYadav, Rohit1 aSinghmar, Sunanda1 aSingh, Dayanidhi1 aSarkar, Sharmistha1 aBhattacharya, Purbasha1 aAcharya, Sundaram1 aSingh, Vandana1 aVerma, Shweta1 aSoni, Drishti1 aSeth, Surabhi1 aVashisht, Sakshi1 aThakran, Sarita1 aFatima, Firdaus1 aSingh, Akash, Pratap1 aSharma, Akanksha1 aSharma, Babita1 aSubramanian, Manikandan1 aPadwad, Yogendra, S.1 aHallan, Vipin1 aPatial, Vikram1 aSingh, Damanpreet1 aTripude, Narendra, Vijay1 aChakrabarti, Partha1 aMaity, Sujay, Krishna1 aGanguly, Dipyaman1 aSarkar, Jit1 aRamakrishna, Sistla1 aKumar, Balthu, Narender1 aKumar, Kiran, A.1 aGandhi, Sumit, G.1 aJamwal, Piyush, Singh1 aChouhan, Rekha1 aJamwal, Vijay, Lakshmi1 aKapoor, Nitika1 aGhosh, Debashish1 aThakkar, Ghanshyam1 aSubudhi, Umakanta1 aSen, Pradip1 aChaudhury, Saumya, Ray1 aKumar, Rashmi1 aGupta, Pawan1 aTuli, Amit1 aSharma, Deepak1 aRinge, Rajesh, P.1 aAmarnarayan, D.1 aKulkarni, Mahesh1 aShanmugam, Dhansekaran1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aDastager, Sayed, G.1 aJoshi, Rakesh1 aPatil, Amita, P.1 aMahajan, Sachin, N.1 aKhan, Abujunaid, Habib1 aWagh, Vasudev1 aYadav, Rakesh, Kumar1 aKhilari, Ajinkya1 aBhadange, Mayuri1 aChaurasiya, Arvindkumar, H.1 aKulsange, Shabda, E.1 aKhairnar, Krishna1 aParanjape, Shilpa1 aKalita, Jatin1 aSastry, Narahari, G.1 aPhukan, Tridip1 aManna, Prasenjit1 aRomi, Wahengbam1 aBharali, Pankaj1 aOzah, Dibyajyoti1 aSahu, Ravi, Kumar1 aBabu, Elapavalooru, Vssk1 aSukumaran, Rajeev1 aNair, Aiswarya, R.1 aValappil, Prajeesh, Kooloth1 aPuthiyamadam, Anoop1 aVelayudhanpillai, Adarsh1 aChodankar, Kalpana1 aDamare, Samir1 aMadhavi, Yennapu1 aAggarwal, Ved, Varun1 aDahiya, Sumit1 aAgrawal, Anurag1 aDash, Debasis1 aSengupta, Shantanu uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/insights-pan-india-sero-epidemiological-survey-phenome-india-cohort-sars-cov202164nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260000800247300001200255490000800267520134900275653002101624653001601645653002601661653002901687653002201716100002401738700002301762700002301785856012601808 2021 eng d a0175-759800aMetabolic engineering and synthetic biology for isoprenoid production in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae0 aMetabolic engineering and synthetic biology for isoprenoid produ cJAN a457-4750 v1053 a

Isoprenoids, often called terpenoids, are the most abundant and highly diverse family of natural organic compounds. In plants, they play a distinct role in the form of photosynthetic pigments, hormones, electron carrier, structural components of membrane, and defence. Many isoprenoids have useful applications in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and chemical industries. They are synthesized by various isoprenoid synthase enzymes by several consecutive steps. Recent advancement in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology has enabled the production of these isoprenoids in the heterologous host systems like Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both heterologous systems have been engineered for large-scale production of value-added isoprenoids. This review article will provide the detailed description of various approaches used for engineering of methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) and mevalonate (MVA) pathway for synthesizing isoprene units (C-5) and ultimate production of diverse isoprenoids. The review particularly highlighted the efforts taken for the production of C-5-C-20 isoprenoids by metabolic engineering techniques in E. coli and S. cerevisiae over a decade. The challenges and strategies are also discussed in detail for scale-up and engineering of isoprenoids in the heterologous host systems.

10aEscherichia coli10aIsoprenoids10aMetabolic engineering10aSaccharomyces cerevisiae10asynthetic biology1 aNavale, Govinda, R.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aShinde, Sandip, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/metabolic-engineering-and-synthetic-biology-isoprenoid-production-escherichia-coli-and03383nas a2200181 4500008004100000245014500041210006900186260000800255300001100263490000800274520267700282100002602959700002302985700001803008700002303026700002103049856013103070 2021 eng d00aMetagenomic analysis reveals genetic insights on biogeochemical cycling, xenobiotic degradation, and stress resistance in mudflat microbiome0 aMetagenomic analysis reveals genetic insights on biogeochemical  cAUG a1127380 v2923 a

Mudflats are highly productive coastal ecosystems that are dominated by halophytic vegetation. In this study, the mudflat sediment microbiome was investigated from Nalabana Island, located in a brackish water coastal wetland of India; Chilika, based on the MinION shotgun metagenomic analysis. Bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities were mostly composed of Proteobacteria (38.3%), Actinobacteria (20.7%), Euryarchaeota (76.1%), Candidatus Bathyarchaeota (6.8%), Ascomycota (47.2%), and Basidiomycota (22.0%). Bacterial and archaeal community composition differed significantly between vegetated mudflat and un-vegetated bulk sediments. Carbon, nitrogen, sulfur metabolisms, oxidative phosphorylation, and xenobiotic biodegradation were the most common microbial functionalities in the mudflat metagenomes. Furthermore, genes involved in oxidative stresses, osmotolerance, secondary metabolite synthesis, and extracellular polymeric substance synthesis revealed adaptive mechanisms of the microbiome in mudflat habitat. Mudflat metagenome also revealed genes involved in the plant growth and development, suggesting that microbial communities could aid halophytic vegetation by providing tolerance to the abiotic stresses in a harsh mudflat environment. Canonical correspondence analysis and co-occurrence network revealed that both biotic (vegetation and microbial interactions) and abiotic factors played important role in shaping the mudflat microbiome composition. Among abiotic factors, pH accounted for the highest variance (20.10%) followed by available phosphorus (19.73%), total organic carbon (9.94%), salinity (8.28%), sediment texture (sand) (6.37%) and available nitrogen (5.53%) in the mudflat microbial communities. Overall, this first metagenomic study provided a comprehensive insight on the community structure, potential ecological interactions, and genetic potential of the mudflat microbiome in context to the cycling of organic matter, xenobiotic biodegradation, stress resistance, and in providing the ecological fitness to halophytes. These ecosystem services of the mudflat microbiome must be considered in the conservation and management plan of coastal wetlands. This study also advanced our understanding of fungal diversity which is understudied from the coastal lagoon ecosystems.

1 aMohapatra, Madhusmita1 aYadav, Rakeshkumar1 aRajput, Vinay1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aRastogi, Gurdeep uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/metagenomic-analysis-reveals-genetic-insights-biogeochemical-cycling-xenobiotic-degradation01978nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245014800055210006900203260000800272300001600280490000700296520118800303653002601491653001101517653002201528653001701550100001801567700002301585700002301608856012901631 2021 eng d a0944-134400aMetagenomic exploration reveals a differential patterning of antibiotic resistance genes in urban and peri-urban stretches of a riverine system0 aMetagenomic exploration reveals a differential patterning of ant cDEC a66477-664840 v283 a{Antimicrobial resistance in the riverine ecosystem of urban areas is an alarming concern worldwide, indicating the importance of molecular monitoring to understand their patterning in urban and peri-urban areas. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of urban rivers on the connected peri-urban rivers of a riverine system of India in the context of antibiotic resistance genes. The rivers traversing through urban (Mula, Mutha, Pawana, and Ramnadi) and peri-urban stretches (Bhima and Indrayani) form the riverine system of Pune district in Maharashtra, India. The MinION-based shotgun metagenomic analysis revealed the resistome against 26 classes of antibiotics, including the last line of antibiotics. In total, we observed 278 ARG subtypes conferring resistance against multiple drugs (40%), bacitracin (10%), aminoglycoside (7.5%), tetracycline (7%), and glycopeptide (5%). Further, the alpha diversity analysis suggested relatively higher ARG diversity in the urban stretches than peri-urban stretches of the riverine system. The NMDS (non-metric multidimensional scaling) analysis revealed significant differences with overlapping similarities (stress value = 0.1410aAntibiotic resistance10aMinION10aPeri-urban rivers10aUrbanization1 aRajput, Vinay1 aYadav, Rakeshkumar1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/metagenomic-exploration-reveals-differential-patterning-antibiotic-resistance-genes-urban02121nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260000900242300001600251490000600267520114500273653002201418653002901440653002001469653004901489653002201538100002101560700002101581700001801602700002301620700001701643700003401660700002301694856012601717 2021 eng d a2168-048500aOne-pot bioconversion of tomato waste into poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) biopolymer by a novel biocatalyst0 aOnepot bioconversion of tomato waste into polygammaglutamic acid cNOV  a14330-143340 v93 aLandfilling of rotten tomatoes can lead to environmental instability and a huge economic loss to the producers. This letter reports an effective valorization of tomato waste into a promising biopolymer, i.e., poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) by a novel biocatalyst Bacillus paralicheniformis NCIM 5769. The gamma-PGA is one of the most expensive biopolymers with multifarious applications in wound healing, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine fields. However, its adoption into various applications is finite due to its exorbitant production cost. Herein, rotten tomatoes (without additional nutrient supplementation) served as the chassis for the fermentative production of 40 g/L of highly pure gamma-PGA within 48 h at ambient temperature. Further, NMR, DSC, and TGA confirmed the purity of synthesized gamma-PGA identical to standard gamma-PGA. This process has potential in the commercialization of.-PGA by significantly reducing the production cost, followed by the effective utilization of tomato waste leading to United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12 (i.e., ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns).10aCommercialization10aPoly-gamma-glutamic acid10aRotten tomatoes10aUnited Nations Sustainable Development Goals10aWaste utilization1 aNair, Pranav, G.1 aJoseph, Emmanuel1 aKilli, Naresh1 aKonchada, Sravanya1 aNisal, Anuya1 aGundloori, Rathna, Venkata Na1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/one-pot-bioconversion-tomato-waste-poly-gamma-glutamic-acid-gamma-pga-biopolymer-novel01975nas a2200277 4500008004100000020001400041245012200055210006900177260000800246300001100254490000700265520107900272653001501351653001201366653001701378653002901395100002501424700002901449700002401478700002301502700002901525700002601554700002201580700002301602856007201625 2021 eng d a1878-818100aPerformance of Aspergillus niger (NCIM 563) phytase based feed supplement for broiler growth and phosphorus excretion0 aPerformance of Aspergillus niger NCIM 563 phytase based feed sup cJAN a1018870 v313 aDespite availability of commercial enzymes, the phytase produced from relatively inexpensive systems with high yields are gaining global attention in the feed industries in post-antibiotic era. We studied A. niger NCIM 563 Phytase produced in solid state fermentation (SSF) derived Koji powder and evaluated its utility in the poultry feed for broiler growth performance and phosphorous (P) excretion. The ability of phytase in the dried powder was estimated to dephytinize the poultry feed under simulated gastric conditions. Poultry feed was formulated using A. niger NCIM 563 phytase followed by a 42 days feed trial on broilers. After supplementation of phytase to the diet, there was a reduction of dietary P, maintained growth performance, skeletal development of broilers and reduced levels of phytic acid and available P in the litter. Extracellular phytase was able to replace up to 0.1% P in poultry feed. Minimal downstream processing a low-cost feed supplement with significant phytase activity could provide added advantage for anti-nutrition free poultry feed.10aPhosphorus10aPhytase10aPoultry feed10aSolid state fermentation1 aPuppala, Kumar, Raja1 aBuddhiwant, Priyanka, G.1 aAgawane, Sachin, B.1 aKadam, Avinash, S.1 aMote, Chandrashekhar, S.1 aLonkar, Vijaysinh, D.1 aKhire, Jayant, M.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187881812031918600781nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245012100055210006900176260001200245300000900257490000700266100002300273700001800296700002300314700001800337700002300355700004200378700002700420856012800447 2022 eng d a0972-232700aGut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with intracranial sino-venous thrombosis and acute ischemic stroke in the young0 aGut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with intracranial sinovenou cSEP-OCT a980+0 v251 aPrabhu, Varsha, A.1 aRajput, Vinay1 aYadav, Rakeshkumar1 aGohil, Kushal1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aUnnikrishnan, Mazhuvancherry, Kesavan1 aGorthi, Sankar, Prasad uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/gut-microbiota-dysbiosis-patients-intracranial-sino-venous-thrombosis-and-acute-ischemic02709nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245011200055210006900167260000900236300001100245490000800256520169600264653001901960653001701979653001701996653002402013653001502037653001502052100002602067700001802093700002302111700002502134700001802159700001802177700002302195700002302218700002302241856013102264 2022 eng d a0048-969700aHigh throughput sequencing based direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 fragments in wastewater of Pune, West India0 aHigh throughput sequencing based direct detection of SARSCoV2 fr cFEB  a1510380 v8073 aGiven a large number of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, clinical detection has proved challenging. The wastewater-based epidemiological paradigm would cover the clinically escaped asymptomatic individuals owing to the faecal shedding of the virus. We hypothesised using wastewater as a valuable resource for analysing SARS-CoV-2 mutations circulating in the wastewater of Pune region (Maharashtra; India), one of the most affected during the covid-19 pandemic. We conducted study in open wastewater drains from December 2020- March 2021 to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and further detect mutations using ARTIC protocol of MinION sequencing. The analysis revealed 108 mutations across six samples categorised into 39 types of mutations. We report the occurrence of mutations associated with Delta variant lineage in March-2021 samples, simultaneously also reported as a Variant of Concern (VoC) responsible for the rapid increase in infections. The study also revealed four mutations; S:N801, S:C480R, NSP14:C279F and NSP3:L550del not currently reported from wastewater or clinical data in India but reported worldwide. Further, a novel mutation NSP13:G206F mapping to NSP13 region was observed from wastewater. Notably, S:P1140del mutation was detected in December 2020 samples while it was reported in February 2021 from clinical data, indicating the instrumentality of wastewater data in early detection. This is the first study in India to demonstrate utility of sequencing in wastewater based epidemiology to identify mutations associated with SARS-CoV-2 virus fragments from wastewater as an early warning indicator system. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.10aARTIC protocol10aEpidemiology10aMetagenomics10aNanopore sequencing10aSARS-CoV-210awastewater1 aDharmadhikari, Tanmay1 aRajput, Vinay1 aYadav, Rakeshkumar1 aBoargaonkar, Radhika1 aPatil, Dhawal1 aKale, Saurabh1 aKamble, Sanjay, P.1 aDastager, Syed, G.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/high-throughput-sequencing-based-direct-detection-sars-cov-2-fragments-wastewater-pune-west02391nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260000800249300001100257490000800268520158000276653001701856653002801873653001201901653002201913653002701935100002201962700002301984700002502007856012902032 2022 eng d a0961-953400aIntegrated chemo and bio-catalyzed synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from fructose derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural0 aIntegrated chemo and biocatalyzed synthesis of 25furandicarboxyl cJUN a1064740 v1613 a

Biomass being a renewable source of energy, has emerged as an attractive target for manufacturing valuable products. These possibilities can be explored to meet the current need for degradable plastic, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Integration of chemical and biological approaches for direct biomass conversion into FDCA was evaluated in this study. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) was chemo-catalytically obtained from fructose using recyclable amberlyte IR-120 as a catalyst with >98% purity. Klebsiella oxytoca NCIM 2694 bacterial strain showed the potential of converting 98% of 5-HMF into FDCA with 58% selectivity at 96 h. With optimized conditions of pH 7, 37 degrees C, 2 g whole cells, we reported 99% 5-HMF conversion to FDCA with 95% selectivity at 72 h and 2667 mg L-1 yield, with 39 mg L-1 h-1 productivity. This is the highest yield obtained with the substrate concentration as high as 3000 mg L-1 reported till date. While the bacterial tolerance to 5-HMF observed was for the highest 5-HMF concentration of 4000 mg L-1, with 99% conversion however, compromising the FDCA yield to 2447 mg L-1 and 32 mg L-1 h-1 productivity. Atom economy of 85% and E factor of 17.71 g g-1 was obtained as a measure of its efficiency and sustainability of the process. The developed process will decrease the cost by excluding any extra nutrient supplement, complete substrate utilization, highest FDCA selectivity/productivity and higher tolerance by K. oxytoca, sequentially catalyzing the oxidations by a single route for FDCA synthesis from renewables.

10abiocatalysis10aBiodegradable polyester10aBiomass10aPlatform chemical10aSustainability metrics1 aParate, Roopa, D.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/integrated-chemo-and-bio-catalyzed-synthesis-25-furandicarboxylic-acid-fructose-derived-502335nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245019500055210006900250260000800319300001100327490000800338520148600346653001701832653002101849653002901870653001601899653002301915100002101938700002301959856013501982 2023 eng d a0926-669000aEffective valorization of blackstrap molasses to poly gamma glutamic acid (γ-PGA) using L-glutamic acid independent feeding approach and its significance as drought mitigator in wheat plant0 aEffective valorization of blackstrap molasses to poly gamma glut cOCT a1169850 v2023 a

One of the finest approaches towards sustainable waste management is its effective valorization to value-added products (VAPs). Waste valorization is garnering considerable attention since it delivers substantial advantages, including environmental stability and a sustainable and viable platform for producing different VAPs. One such VAP is the poly gamma glutamic acid (& gamma;- PGA), an extortionate biopolymer known to date. Its exorbitant cost is the main barrier preventing & gamma;- PGA from becoming commercially viable. Hence, the key to the successful commercialization of & gamma;- PGA is its sustainable and cost-effective production. In the present study, the ability of Bacillus paralicheniformis NCIM 5769 to utilize molasses for & gamma;-PGA production with minimal nutrients was investigated. Results showed that 30% molasses combined with 2% ammonium nitrate was the optimal medium for & gamma;-PGA production. Additionally, the anti-drought activity of the synthesized & gamma;-PGA was evaluated on wheat plants showing significantly higher shoot length, biomass content, and germination rate compared to the control group. These findings suggest that & gamma;-PGA produced from molasses has the potential to be used as a drought mitigator in wheat plant, thereby achieving the mission of circular economy and sustainable development goal (SGD) 12, i.e. pursuing sustainability patterns for consumption & production.

10aAnti-drought10acircular economy10aPoly gamma glutamic acid10aSustainable10aWaste valorization1 aNair, Pranav, G.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effective-valorization-blackstrap-molasses-poly-gamma-glutamic-acid-%CE%B3-pga-using-l-glutamic02594nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245008200055210006900137260000800206300001400214490000700228520178900235653001502024653002302039653002802062653001702090653005102107100002102158700001902179700001802198700002302216856011302239 2023 eng d a2190-681500aInvestigation of cold-active and mesophilic cellulases: opportunities awaited0 aInvestigation of coldactive and mesophilic cellulases opportunit cJUL a8829-88520 v133 a

In the recent decade, the global demand and fuel prices have urged a need to track down an alternate resource. Second-generation (2G) biofuel from the lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is trending as the fundamental alternative resource. Although LCB is the most abundantly available renewable resource, its commercialization into 2G biofuel technology is a major challenge. Efficient LCB hydrolysis requires a proper lignocellulolytic enzyme cocktail. In view to addressing this problem, several researchers are investigating for efficient enzymes to hydrolyze LCB. To date, there are very few commercial enzymes that aid in the breakdown of LCB, and these enzymes are traditionally isolated from culturable microbes. As only 1% of the microbes can be cultivated in the laboratory, the potentials of the uncultured remain under-explored. In the recent decade, advances in metagenomics using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revealed the vast diversity of hydrolytic enzymes and multiple domain proteins in the ecosystem. Aiming this, we focus our review on investigating efficient cold-active and mesophilic cellulases from the metagenome. India is an agro-based country with various climatic regions, ranging from warm and humid in the south to mild or moderate and cold or snowy in the Himalayan north; therefore, both cold-active and mesophilic cellulases are needed for LCB to ethanol. Along with downsizing, the conversion cost of LCB to fermentable sugars not only increases the enzymatic conversion but also increases the fermentation efficiency, which ultimately helps to commercialize the second-generation biofuel technology. Metagenomics is an evolving concept, and it has opened new horizons for the discovery of micro-organisms and new enzymes.

10acellulases10aGlycosyl hydrolase10aLignocellulosic biomass10aMetagenomics10asimultaneous saccharification and fermentation1 aChavan, Sambhaji1 aShete, Ashvini1 aMirza, Yasmin1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/investigation-cold-active-and-mesophilic-cellulases-opportunities-awaited01864nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245013100055210006900186260000800255520112600263653002201389653002101411653002901432653002301461100001701484700002401501700002301525856012201548 2023 eng d a2190-681500aPoly-gamma-glutamic acid biopolymer: a sleeping giant with diverse applications and unique opportunities for commercialization0 aPolygammaglutamic acid biopolymer a sleeping giant with diverse  cAPR3 a

Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) is a biodegradable, non-toxic, ecofriendly, and non-immunogenic biopolymer. Its phenomenal properties have gained immense attention in the field of regenerative medicine, the food industry, wastewater treatment, and even in 3D printing bio-ink. The gamma-PGA has the potential to replace synthetic non-degradable counterparts, but the main obstacle is the high production cost and lower productivity. Extensive research has been carried out to reduce the production cost by using different waste; however, it is unable to match the commercialization needs. This review focuses on the biosynthetic mechanism of gamma-PGA, its production using the synthetic medium as well as different wastes by L-glutamic acid-dependent and independent microbial strains. Furthermore, various metabolic engineering strategies and the recovery processes for gamma-PGA and their possible applications are discussed. Finally, highlights on the challenges and unique approaches to reduce the production cost and to increase the productivity for commercialization of gamma-PGA are also summarized.

10aCommercialization10aMulti-nutritious10aPoly-gamma-glutamic acid10aWaste valorization1 aNair, Pranav1 aNavale, Govinda, R.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/poly-gamma-glutamic-acid-biopolymer-sleeping-giant-diverse-applications-and-unique02609nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260000800230300001400238490000700252520191700259100002402176700002402200700002402224700002302248700002202271856012202293 2023 eng d a0022-246100aSize does matter: antibacterial activities and cytotoxic evaluation of polymorphic CuO nanostructures0 aSize does matter antibacterial activities and cytotoxic evaluati cFEB a2782-28000 v583 a

Nanostructured materials play a significant role in antibacterial activities. However, understanding the geometrical influence at the nanoscale in terms of size- and shape-correlated physical properties on antibacterial activities is very essential. Herein, we report the antibacterial influence of various copper oxide nanostructures (CuO NS) such as nanoparticles (NPs) (< 10 nm), nanospheres (NSs) (50-100 nm), and porous nanoflowers (NFs) (asymptotic to 350 nm). The XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of CuO NPs without impurities. The antibacterial activities of CuO NPs were investigated by the microplate dilution method and confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) imaging. NPs having a diameter less than 10 nm exhibited significant damage to the bacterial cell membrane than NSs and NFs. Interestingly, NPs illustrated relatively low antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii) than Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis). Acinetobacter baumannii was found to be more susceptible to the NPs than other bacterial strains, attributed to its increased membrane permeability. The death phase was observed at a concentration of 15.6 mu g mL(-1) and 3.9 mu g mL(-1) for P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, respectively, when treated with CuO NP after the 8 h of incubation. Similarly, for S. aureus and S. epidermidis, the death phase was observed at the concentration of 31.2 mu g mL(-1) and 250 mu g mL(-1), respectively. Furthermore, as the cell cytotoxicity measurements against human fibroblast L9239 cells revealed that CuO NPs were safe. The morphological and cell viability assay demonstrated 100% cell survival, when treated with NPs and NSs (5, 10, and 25 mu g mL(-1)), signifies no cytotoxicity. Therefore, CuO nanoparticles can be used for clinical and therapeutic applications.

1 aDesai, Dnyanada, G.1 aNavale, Govinda, R.1 aLate, Dattatray, J.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aWalke, Pravin, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/size-does-matter-antibacterial-activities-and-cytotoxic-evaluation-polymorphic-cuo02550nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245013800055210007000193260000900263300001100272490000800283520176300291653001602054653001702070653002102087653002902108653001702137100002102154700002302175856013402198 2023 eng d a0959-652600aSustainable and cleaner production of poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) biopolymer using floral waste and its anti-staling properties0 aSustainable and cleaner production of polygammaglutamic acid γPG cNOV  a1387090 v4253 a

The framework of sustainable development (SD) hinges on 17 different ideals established by the United Nations. This call for SD can be addressed by the circular bio-economy concept, which not only ensures effective waste management but also encourages its valorization and repurposing, hence fostering both ecological and economic stability. One-third of the world's floral production is in jeopardy, and because there are no potential solutions for sustaining floral waste, it inevitably ends up in landfills and riverine systems, which is detrimental to the environment. Therefore, in the present study, floral waste that was destined for landfills or water bodies was productively valorized to poly gamma glutamic acid (gamma-PGA), a high value biopolymer, with a yield of 40 g/L and productivity of 1.6 g/L/h employing an L-glutamic acid (L-GA) independent feeding approach. When gamma-PGA was coated onto Vitis vinifera grapes, it exhibited excellent moisture retention, reduced microbial contamination, and preserved the grapes' aesthetic characteristics and nutrient content. The weight loss study demonstrated that grapes coated with 1% and 2% gamma-PGA experienced significantly lower weight loss (13% and 14% respectively) compared to the control group (21.6%). Moreover, a 5-min dip coating time proved to be the most effective in reducing weight loss to 12.43%. Over a period of 14 days, the control group exhibited a remarkably high weight loss (41%) in contrast to the treated group, which showed significantly lower weight loss (16%). Our work is a fine example of how the circular bio-economy and waste valorization may be used to achieve the long-term objectives of sustainable development, economic stability, and food security.

10aBio-economy10aFloral waste10aL-GA independent10aPoly-gamma-glutamic acid10aValorization1 aNair, Pranav, G.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/sustainable-and-cleaner-production-poly-gamma-glutamic-acid-%CE%B3-pga-biopolymer-using-floral02238nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245012800055210006900183260000900252300001600261490000600277520148500283100002101768700002001789700002701809700002301836700002201859700002001881856013101901 2024 eng d a2470-134300aAdsorption based downstream processing approach for penicillin V from a Penicillium chrysogenum BIONCL I22 culture filtrate0 aAdsorption based downstream processing approach for penicillin V cJUN  a25859-258690 v93 a

Penicillin V (phenoxy methyl penicillin) is highly sought after among natural penicillins because of its exceptional acid stability and effectiveness against common skin and respiratory infections. Given its wide-ranging therapeutic uses, there is a need to establish a greener method for its maximum recovery to reduce the carbon footprint. Here, we have identified and validated optimized operational conditions for resin-based penicillin V recovery. It was observed that Amberlite XAD4 had the highest penicillin V hydrophobic adsorption capacity among the other screened resins. Kinetic and isothermal studies using linear and nonlinear regression analysis showed that the adsorption process well fitted with pseudo-second-order kinetics (R-2 = 0.9816) and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model (R-2 = 0.9871). Adsorption equilibrium was attained within 4 h, while maximum adsorption was observed at 3 mg/mL penicillin V concentration. Furthermore, the optimized extraction protocol was compared with the conventional butyl acetate-based downstream processing. Under optimum conditions resin-based penicillin V recovery was 2-fold higher as compared to the solvent extraction method and the resin could be reused for over six cycles without compromising the yield. These findings signify substantial progress toward the development of an environmentally sustainable approach for penicillin V recovery and a potentially viable method for extractive fermentation.

1 aMishal, Bela, H.1 aDas, Sancharini1 aMahajan, Vaishnavi, N.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/adsorption-based-downstream-processing-approach-penicillin-v-penicillium-chrysogenum-bioncl02841nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245015000055210006900205260000800274300001200282490000700294520195200301653001402253653002802267653002802295653003302323653002702356653001302383100002502396700002302421700002302444856013202467 2024 eng d a0972-152500aBioprocess optimization of penicillium funiculosum NCIM 1228 for improved production and hydrolytic efficiency of cellulases on sugarcane bagasse0 aBioprocess optimization of penicillium funiculosum NCIM 1228 for cFEB a215-2330 v263 a

The cellulase enzyme is currently the world's third largest commercial enzyme. Because of its requirement in various industries like textiles, food, waste management, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, pulp paper, biofuels, and others, its demand curve has increased sharply. The response surface methodology (RSM) approach was employed to optimize media components and process parameters in the current investigation, which successfully increased the cellulase production from Penicillium funiculosum NCIM 1228. Statistical optimization for the hyperproduction of cellulases was conducted using RSM. The Plackett-Burman design (PBD) approach was used to investigate the critical factors of the cellulase production medium. Subsequently, the Box-Behnken design (BBD) method was used to statistically estimate optimum values and conditions that substantially impacted cellulase production. The estimated optimal combinations of parameters for cellulase production were urea (0.2%), CaCl2 (0.2%), MgSO4 (0.05%), peptone (1.5%), microcrystalline cellulose (5.0%), wheat bran (2.5%), corn steep liquor (CSL) (2.5%), KH2PO4 (0.15%), inoculum (10.65%), agitation (157 rpm), pH (5.88), and temperature (29.84 C-degrees). Conclusively, experimental validation under optimal conditions detected an increased production of 3.82- and 3.61-fold in filter paper assay (FPase) and beta-glucosidase, respectively. Additionally, 1.66- and 1.57-fold enhancement in FPase and beta-glucosidase specific activity was observed where an xylanase activity was enhanced by 3.29-fold. Furthermore, the enzyme showed 51.30 per cent hydrolysis efficiency on sugarcane bagasse lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), at a dose of 7 FPase units per g of cellulose. P. funiculosum NCIM 1228 offers the benefit of producing cellulase with an entire cellulolytic system of enzymes that can be synthesized extracellularly, thus acting as a promising biocatalyst for biofuel industries.

10aCellulase10aLignocellulosic biomass10aPenicillium funiculosum10aResponse surface methodology10aSubmerged fermentation10aXylanase1 aChavan, Sambhaji, B.1 aShete, Ashvini, M.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/bioprocess-optimization-penicillium-funiculosum-ncim-1228-improved-production-and-hydrolytic02902nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260000900222300001100231490000800242520188100250653002502131653002402156653003702180653002702217653001802244653002602262100002502288700002502313700002302338700002302361700001802384700002302402700002202425700002702447856012602474 2024 eng d a0168-160500aGenome sequencing and protein modeling unraveled the 2AP biosynthesis in Bacillus cereus DB250 aGenome sequencing and protein modeling unraveled the 2AP biosynt cMAR  a1106000 v4133 a

2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is an important and major flavor aroma compound responsible for the fragrance of basmati rice, cheese, wine, and several other food products. Biosynthesis of 2AP in aromatic rice and a few other plant species is associated with a recessive Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH2) gene. However, the literature is scant on the relationship between the functional BADH2 gene and 2AP biosynthesis in prokaryotic systems. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to explore the functionality of the BADH2 gene for 2AP biosynthesis in 2AP synthesizing rice rhizobacterial isolate Bacillus cereus DB25 isolated from the rhizosphere of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.). Full-length BcBADH2 sequence was obtained through whole genome sequencing (WGS) and further confirmed through traditional PCR and Sanger sequencing. Then the functionality of the BcBADH2 gene was evaluated in-silico through bioinformatics analysis and protein docking studies and further experimentally validated through enzyme assay. The sequencing and bioinformatics analysis results revealed a full-length 1485 bp BcBADH2 coding sequence without any deletion or premature stop codons. Full-length BcBADH2 was found to encode a fully functional protein of 54.08 kDa with pI of 5.22 and showed the presence of the conserved amino acids responsible for enzyme activity. The docking studies confirmed a good affinity between the protein and its substrate whereas the presence of BcBADH2 enzyme activity confirmed the functionality of BADH2 enzyme in B. cereus DB25. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that B. cereus DB25 is able to synthesize 2AP despite a functional BADH2 gene and there may be a different molecular mechanism responsible for 2AP biosynthesis in bacterial systems, unlike that found in aromatic rice and other eukaryotic plant species.

10a2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline10aBasmati rice flavor10aBetaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 210aProtein-ligand docking10aRhizobacteria10aWhole-genome sequence1 aDhondge, Harshal, V.1 aBarvkar, Vitthal, T.1 aDastager, Syed, G.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aRajput, Vinay1 aPable, Anupama, A.1 aHenry, Robert, J.1 aNadaf, Altafhusain, B. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/genome-sequencing-and-protein-modeling-unraveled-2ap-biosynthesis-bacillus-cereus-db2504290nas a2200253 4500008004100000245013100041210006900172260000800241490000700249520336900256100002203625700002803647700002003675700002403695700003003719700002003749700001803769700002603787700002303813700001303836700002803849700002703877856013203904 2024 eng d00aIntegrated genomic and functional analysis of Streptomyces sp. UP1A-1 for bacterial wilt control and solanaceae yield increase0 aIntegrated genomic and functional analysis of Streptomyces sp UP cDEC0 v373 a

Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive soil-borne pathogen, causing bacterial wilt to the solanaceae vegetables. Streptomyces sp. UP1A-1 isolated from healthy solanaceae rhizosphere soil, exhibited the lowest disease incidence and increased fruit yield of solanaceae vegetables. However, the genomic and functional properties of UP1A-1 are unclear. Therefore, we conducted the present study to elucidate the genomic characteristics of UP1A-1 by whole genome sequencing. The results indicate that the genome of Streptomyces sp. UP1A-1 consists of 8,252,902 bp and contains 72.42 % G + C. We identified the genes that confer plant growth promoting (PGP) function, which include those involved in siderophore production, indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis, phosphate solubilization, nitrogen metabolism, and potassium metabolism. We also identified several other genes, such as chitinase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, proline biosynthesis, and glucose dehydrogenase, which are believed to be involved in the control of wilt disease. These genes revealed that the strain UP1A-1 has physiologically adapted to varied environmental conditions and could potentially control both abiotic and biotic stresses.

1 aKaari, Manigundan1 aManikkam, Radhakrishnan1 aJoseph, Jerrine1 aKrishnan, Sakthivel1 aAnnamalai, Kishore, Kumar1 aKhan, Abujunaid1 aRajput, Vinay1 aDastager, Syed, Gulam1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aUmar, Md1 aVenugopal, Gopikrishnan1 aAlexander, Balamurugan uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/integrated-genomic-and-functional-analysis-streptomyces-sp-up1a-1-bacterial-wilt-control-and01921nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245015100055210006900206260000800275490000800283520112400291653001801415653002701433653001301460653002801473653003301501100002801534700002301562856013001585 2024 eng d a0926-669000aReview on microbial 1, 3-propanediol production: Emerging strategies, key hurdles and attainable solutions to re-establish its commercial interest0 aReview on microbial 1 3propanediol production Emerging strategie cMAR0 v2093 a

1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) is a vital value-added bi-functional compound that has numerous uses in the industrial sector including the polymer, pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. 1,3-PDO biosynthesis from renewable resources through green methods has received considerable attention. However, technical difficulties such as low product titer, by-product accumulation, and incomplete substrate consumption impede its sustainable production at the industrial scale. Hence, understanding the overall 1,3-PDO process development with integrated knowledge of techno-economics would help to build more production facilities across the world. In this view, the biotechnological production of 1,3-PDO is systematically reviewed briefing the synthesis routes, microbial strains, metabolic pathways, and fermentation modes along with several purification strategies. The present review also summarizes key hurdles in 1,3-PDO production and discusses the attainable solutions to achieve higher product titer. Finally, the economic viability of 1,3-PDO biosynthesis is described based on the existing research.

10a3-Propanediol10aFermentation processes10aGlycerol10aPurification strategies10aTechno-economical assessment1 aNimbalkar, Pranhita, R.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/review-microbial-1-3-propanediol-production-emerging-strategies-key-hurdles-and-attainable02809nas a2200157 4500008004100000245015300041210006900194260000800263300001400271490000600285520216700291100002102458700001902479700002302498856013002521 2024 eng d00aStrain improvement for cellulolytic enzymes for effective saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass by mutant of Penicillium funiculosum NCIM 12280 aStrain improvement for cellulolytic enzymes for effective saccha cFEB a716–7300 v43 a

Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) generated from various agro-waste can be effectively used to manufacture a broad range of value-added products cost-effectively. However, the high cost of cellulases is still a major challenge in producing biofuels and biochemicals from LCB on an industrial scale. The enzyme output and activity of cellulase in the fermentation broth are closely linked in terms of enzyme manufacturing costs. Therefore, research on efficient fermentation processes of hyperactive fungi, and cost-effective recovery systems have been directed toward lowering enzyme costs and increasing overall enzyme production. Penicillium funiculosum NCIM 1228 (P. funiculosum NCIM 1228) is a feasible cellulase-producing strain that possesses all four enzymes required to efficiently hydrolyse LCB. The primary objective of this study was to employ random mutagenesis to increase enzymes titer, yield, and productivity. The potential mutant D4 (derived by Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutation) exhibited 6.47, 3.05, 3.03, and 3.19-fold higher activities of FPase, CMCase, β-glucosidase, and xylanase, respectively, compared to the parent strain. Mutant D4 demonstrated a promising protein titer of 17.96 g/L at the 40 L fermenter scale, with productivities of 479, 4249, and 6987 U/L/day for FPase, CMCase, and Xylanase, respectively, on the tenth day. Interestingly, the crude form of enzymes from the mutant demonstrated promising saccharification, releasing 3.54% of glucose and achieving a 54.03% of cellulose conversion efficiency without formulation. In comparison, a commercially formulated enzyme exhibited 53.07% efficiency against pre-treated sugarcane bagasse, indicating its promising potential for future applications.

1 aChavan, Sambhaji1 aShete, Ashvini1 aDharne, Mahesh, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/strain-improvement-cellulolytic-enzymes-effective-saccharification-lignocellulosic-biomass