02094nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260008400223300001200307490000800319520120900327653001301536653001801549653002701567653001901594653002001613653002101633100001701654700003101671700002001702856013001722       2006                        eng d  a1549-329600aPreparation and characterization of novel hybrid of chitosan-g-lactic acid and montmorillonite0 aPreparation and characterization of novel hybrid of chitosanglac  aDIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbWILEY-LISScAUG  a372-3820 v78A3 a<p>The utilization of biopolymers and the development of organic-inorganic hybrids are ever increasing interest of material science researchers around the globe for various applications. The present attempt is intended to prepare nanocomposites of lactic acid grafted chitosan and layered silicates. Nanocomposites were prepared by dissolving chitosan and dispersing sodium montmorillonite in aqueous solution of L-lactic acid with subsequent heating and film casting. They were characterized by conventional techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetric analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The results from polar optical and transmission electron microscopic measurements are also discussed. Sorption behavior of samples has been followed by measuring swelling degree and contact angle. The films have shown enhanced hydrophilicity when compared with polylactic acid (PLA). Issues on the interactions of polycationic chitosan with clay are also discussed. It is observed that nanocomposites are exhibiting better thermal and physical properties than neat chitosang-LA and PLA. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>10aChitosan10acontact angle10agraft copolymerization10aNanocomposites10apolylactic acid10awater absorption1 aDepan, Dilip1 aKumar, Annamalai, Pratheep1 aSingh, Raj, Pal  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-and-characterization-novel-hybrid-chitosan-g-lactic-acid-and-montmorillonite-001241nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245013900055210006900194260010600263300001400369490000800383520037800391653002300769653003400792653001900826653001600845100003100861700002000892856012300912       2007                        eng d  a0957-416600aNovel hybrid of clay, cellulose, and thermoplastics. I. preparation and characterization of composites of ethylene-propylene copolymer0 aNovel hybrid of clay cellulose and thermoplastics I preparation   aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcMAY  a2672-26820 v1043 a<p>{The present study is aimed to prepare hybrid materials by incorporating layered silicates and microcrystalline cellulose into thermoplastic polymer. Using ethylene-propylene (EP) copolymer as thermoplastic polymer matrix and maleated EP (MEP) copolymer as compatibilizer, three types of composites were prepared by (i) melt mixing of cellulose with thermoplastics [</p>10aabrupt contraction10aArbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian10afinite element10asimulations1 aKumar, Annamalai, Pratheep1 aSingh, Raj, Pal  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-hybrid-clay-cellulose-and-thermoplastics-i-preparation-and-characterization-001830nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260009900230300001400329490000700343520102100350653001801371653001401389653003901403653001101442100003101453700002001484856012001504       2008                        eng d  a0960-852400aBiocomposites of cellulose reinforced starch: improvement of properties by photo-induced crosslinking0 aBiocomposites of cellulose reinforced starch improvement of prop  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcDEC  a8803-88090 v993 a<p>In the present study, the composite films have been prepared from the aqueous dispersions of starch with microcrystalline cellulose using glycerol as plasticizer and irradiated under ultraviolet (UV) light using sodium benzoate as photo-sensitizer. Photocrosslinking was characterized by measuring the water absorption under 100% relative humidity, swelling degree and gel fraction in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSC), upon irradiation time. Both, the incorporation of cellulose and photo-irradiation were found to decrease the water absorption, swelling in DMSO and increase the gel fraction. Thermal transitions indicated the anti-plasticization of amylopectin chains at the fiber/matrix interface. With increasing content of cellulose and photo-irradiation time, the tensile modulus and strength were found to improve. It is summarized that the combination of cellulose reinforcement and photo-crosslinking of matrix has improved the physical and mechanical properties. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aBiocomposites10acellulose10aPhoto-irradiation and crosslinking10aStarch1 aKumar, Annamalai, Pratheep1 aSingh, Raj, Pal  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biocomposites-cellulose-reinforced-starch-improvement-properties-photo-induced-002154nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260009900250300001100349490000600360520126800366653001301634653000901647653002301656653002601679653001901705100001701724700003101741700002001772856013201792       2009                        eng d  a1742-706100aCell proliferation and controlled drug release studies of nanohybrids based on chitosan-g-lactic acid and montmorillonite0 aCell proliferation and controlled drug release studies of nanohy  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJAN  a93-1000 v53 a<p>The present paper reveals the potential uses of novel hybrids of chitosan-g-lactic acid and sodium montmorillonite (MMT) in controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. The drug-loaded novel nanohybrid films and porous scaffolds have been prepared by solvent casting and freeze-drying of the grafted polymer solution, respectively. Sodium Ibuprofen was loaded into nanohybrids of chitosan-g-lactic acid/sodium montmorillonite (CS-g-LA/MMT). Grafting of lactic acid and the drug loading were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Formation of intercalated nanocomposites was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties measurements have shown improvement in modulus and strength with expense of elongation by MMT reinforcement. The nanohybrids were found to be stable regardless of pH of the medium. The cell proliferation profile also shows that prepared nanohybrids are biocompatible. MMT reinforcement was found to control the drug (Ibuprofen) release rate in phosphate buffer saline solution (pH 7.4). MMT clay is therefore a viable additive for formulating sustained drug delivery systems based on lactic acid grafted chitosan. (C) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aChitosan10aclay10aControlled release10adrug delivery systems10aNanocomposites1 aDepan, Dilip1 aKumar, Annamalai, Pratheep1 aSingh, Raj, Pal  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/cell-proliferation-and-controlled-drug-release-studies-nanohybrids-based-chitosan-g-lactic-002260nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260010600221300001200327490000700339520132300346653002101669653000901690653003401699653001901733653001801752653001201770100003101782700001701813700002601830700002001856856013001876       2009                        eng d  a0079-670000aNanoscale particles for polymer degradation and stabilization-trends and future perspectives0 aNanoscale particles for polymer degradation and stabilizationtre  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcJUN  a479-5150 v343 a<p>The field of nanoscience and nanotechnology is extending the applications of physics, chemistry, biology, engineering and technology into previously unapproached infinitesimal length scales. The polymer-nanoparticles/nanocomposites have been the exponentially growing field of research for developing the materials in last few decades and have been mainly focusing on the structure-property relationships and their development. Since the polymer-nanocomposites have been the staple of modern polymer industry, their durability under various environmental conditions and degradability after their service life are also essential fields of research. Thus, this article is intended to review the status of worldwide research in this aspect. Among various nanoparticulates, clay minerals and carbon nanotubes are more often used in enhancing physical, mechanical and thermal properties of polymers. In very few systems, the nano particulates have been incorporated into polymer as `nano-additives' for both purposes: degradation and stabilization of polymers. The degradation and durability of polymers is reviewed in the presence of nanoparticles/nanocomposites under different environmental conditions. Nanoparticle-induced biodegradation of polymers is also discussed. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aCarbon nanotubes10aclay10aDegradation and stabilization10aNanocomposites10aNanoparticles10aPolymer1 aKumar, Annamalai, Pratheep1 aDepan, Dilip1 aTomer, Namrata, Singh1 aSingh, Raj, Pal  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/nanoscale-particles-polymer-degradation-and-stabilization-trends-and-future-perspectives-002137nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184260005700253300001400310490000700324520121300331653001501544653001401559653001901573653001801592653001801610653002201628100003101650700002801681700002601709700002001735856012801755       2010                        eng d  a1598-503200aPreparation and characterization of bioceramic nanocomposites based on hydroxyapatite (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)0 aPreparation and characterization of bioceramic nanocomposites ba  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcDEC  a1160-11670 v183 a<p>We report the synthesis of biomimetic nanocomposites based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles via a co-precipitation method. Physico-chemical characterization was performed before and after calcination by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, solid state (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The formation of nanocomposites was observed by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The spectral and crystallographic data indicated the formation of hydroxyapatite in the presence of CMC. They were observed as aggregates of HA nanoparticles and CMC, whose sizes were approximately similar to 260 +/- 40 nm. The crystallite size of the hydroxyapatite particles decreased (with 2 wt% 18 +/- 3 nm) with increasing CMC content. The morphological aspects of the calcined samples revealed the sintering ability of HA nanoparticles. Nanocomposites of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles that mimic the process of nucleation and growth in nature can be prepared using biomacromolecules such as CMC.</p>10abiopolymer10acellulose10ahydroxyapatite10aNanoparticles10aParticle size10aX-ray diffraction1 aKumar, Annamalai, Pratheep1 aMohaideen, Kamal, Khaja1 aAlariqi, Sameh, A. S.1 aSingh, Raj, Pal  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-and-characterization-bioceramic-nanocomposites-based-hydroxyapatite-ha-and-0