02348nas a2200145   4500008004100000245012000041210006900161260000800230300001400238490000700252520176600259100002102025700002502046856013102071       2017                        eng d00aSolvent-free glycerol transesterification with propylene carbonate to glycerol carbonate over a solid base catalyst0 aSolventfree glycerol transesterification with propylene carbonat  cAPR  a4361-43710 v313 aGlycerol transesterification using propylene carbonate (PC) to glycerol carbonate.(GC) could be efficiently performed under solvent-free 'conditions 'wing solid base as catalysts involving non-noble metal oxide in combination with hydrotalcites (HTs). Among all of the catalysts studied for transesterification, the best result was obtained over a calcium-doped hyclrotalcite (Ca-FIT) catalyst, giving 84% conversion of glycerol and almost complete. GC selectivity. The crystal structure of HT was modified by incorporation of Ca and La into FIT, as revealed by X-ray diffraction studies. The temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide study confirmed the presence of the highest basic site density in terms of 1.94 mmol of CO2 desorbed/g of catalyst, responsible for its higher transesterification efficiency of the Ca-HT catalyst. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study showed peaks at 3036 and 3042 cm(-1) for Ca -HT and lanthanum-doped hydrotalcite (La -HT), respectively, confirming the presence of hydrogen bonding between water and interlayer carbonate anions responsible for abstracting proton from the primary hydroxyl group of glycerol to attack over carbonyl carbon of PC. The presence of intercalated carbonate ions is also confirmed by the Raman study, in both PIT and ca-HT catalysts and even after use of the Ca HT catalyst. The thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis study evidenced the higher thermal stability of the Ca -HT (T-4 = 765 degrees C) catalyst than that of parent HT with a Mg/Al ratio of 3:1 (T4 = 630 degrees C). Various process conditions, such as the temperature, molar ratio of glycerol/PC, and catalyst loading, significantly influenced conversion and selectivity of glycerol: and GC, Tespectively.1 aKondawar, Sharda1 aRode, Chandrashekhar  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/solvent-free-glycerol-transesterification-propylene-carbonate-glycerol-carbonate-over-solid02022nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245016300055210006900218260000800287300001100295490000800306520105500314653001701369653002701386653002401413653001801437653002501455100002001480700002101500700002001521700002101541700002501562700002101587700001401608856012201622       2020                        eng d  a0045-653500aSynthesis of silver nanoparticles colloids in imidazolium halide ionic liquids and their antibacterial activities for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria0 aSynthesis of silver nanoparticles colloids in imidazolium halide  cMAR  a1253020 v2433 a<p>Four 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium halide ionic liquids were synthesized via metathesis and anion exchange reactions. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) colloids were synthesized in four ionic liquids in the pressurized reactor by reduction of silver nitrate with hydrogen gas, without adding solvents or stabilizing agents. Antibacterial activities of base ionic liquids and AgNPs colloids in ionic liquids were reviewed by well-diffusion method for gram-positive Bacillus cereus (NCIM-2155) and gram-negative Escherichia coli (NCIM-2931) bacteria. Antibacterial activities of ionic liquids and AgNPs colloids in ionic liquids were observed to be controlled by ionic liquids anions and AgNPs particle size. The 1 -butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ionic liquid exhibited higher antibacterial activities among the studied ionic liquids. Further, the presence of AgNPs in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, ionic liquid enhanced its antibacterial activity for Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli bacteria. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>
10aAnion effect10aantibacterial activity10aImidazolium halides10aionic liquids10asilver nanoparticles1 aPatil, Virendra1 aMahajan, Swapnil1 aKulkarni, Mohan1 aPatil, Kashinath1 aRode, Chandrashekhar1 aCoronas, Alberto1 aYi, Gi-Ra  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-silver-nanoparticles-colloids-imidazolium-halide-ionic-liquids-and-their