01393nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182260011000251300001400361490000700375520044900382100002400831700002000855700001700875700002000892700001700912700002500929700001800954700002300972700002500995856013101020 2011 eng d a1463-926200aFrom graphite oxide to highly water dispersible functionalized graphene by single step plant extract-induced deoxygenation0 aFrom graphite oxide to highly water dispersible functionalized g aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJUL a1990-19960 v133 a

We report a single step facile synthesis of highly water dispersible functionalized graphene nanosheets by plant extract-induced deoxygenation of graphite oxide (GO). The results of various characterizations reveal that the properties of such plant extract-converted graphene nanosheets (PCGN) are comparable to chemically converted graphene nanosheets (CCG). These results open a green route to the emerging graphene-based technologies.

1 aMhamane, Dattakumar1 aRamadan, Wegdan1 aFawzy, Manal1 aRana, Abhimanyu1 aDubey, Megha1 aRode, Chandrashekhar1 aLefez, Benoit1 aHannoyer, Beatrice1 aOgale, Satishchandra uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/graphite-oxide-highly-water-dispersible-functionalized-graphene-single-step-plant-extract-002044nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260000800195300001400203490000700217520140800224100002201632700001901654700002601673700002501699700002501724856011301749 2016 eng d00aProduct distribution in hydrogenation of styrene oxide over Pd/chitosan catalyst0 aProduct distribution in hydrogenation of styrene oxide over Pdch cOCT a7581-75950 v423 a

Palladium-decorated chitosan catalyst was synthesized by an impregnation method by varying the Pd loading in the range of 1-6 %, and was evaluated for the regioselective hydrogenation of styrene oxide. In order to correlate the chemical and textural properties with the catalytic activity, all the prepared catalysts were characterized by techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, temperature-programmed desorption of NH3, and CO2 and N-2 physisorption. The synthesized catalysts were utilized for the efficient and regioselective ring opening of styrene oxide by hydrogenation under different conditions. The complete conversion of styrene oxide with 65 % selectivity for 2-phenyl ethanol and 33 % for 1-phenyl ethanol were obtained using 4 % Pd/CS catalyst at 70 degrees C temperature and 3 MPa pressure. The mechanism for the regio selective ring opening of styrene oxide to 1- and 2-phenyl ethanol was also proposed on the basis of properties of the catalyst support, catalytic activity and selectivity. These results indicated that the catalytic activity and selectivity of the catalysts were affected by the nature of support. Further, the basic properties of the support play an important role in the selectivity of the styrene oxide hydrogenation reaction.

1 aViswanadhan, Maya1 aPotdar, Aparna1 aDivakaran, Anumon, V.1 aBadiger, Manohar, V.1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/product-distribution-hydrogenation-styrene-oxide-over-pdchitosan-catalyst01938nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260000800195300001400203490000700217520140800224100001801632700002501650856011701675 2017 eng d00aCascade reductive etherification of bioderived aldehydes over Zr-based catalysts0 aCascade reductive etherification of bioderived aldehydes over Zr cOCT a4090-41010 v103 aAn efficient one-pot catalytic cascade sequence has been developed for the production of value-added ethers from bioderived aldehydes. Etherification of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural with different aliphatic alcohols over acidic Zr-montmorillonite (Zr-Mont) catalyst produced a mixture of 5-(alkoxymethyl)furfural and 2-(dialkoxymethyl)-5-(alkoxymethyl)furan. The latter was selectively converted back into 5-(alkoxymethyl)furfural by treating it with water over the same catalyst. The synthesis of 2,5-bis(alkoxymethyl)furan was achieved through a cascade sequence involving etherification, transfer hydrogenation, and re-etherification over a combination of acidic Zr-Mont and the charge-transfer hydrogenation catalyst [ZrO(OH)(2)]. This catalyst combination was further explored for the cascade conversion of 2-furfuraldehyde into 2-(alkoxymethyl)furan. The scope of this strategy was then extended for the reductive etherification of lignin-derived arylaldehydes to obtain the respective benzyl ethers in >80% yield. Additionally, the mixture of Zr-Mont and ZrO(OH)(2) does not undergo mutual destruction, which was proved by recycling experiments and XRD analysis. Both the catalysts were thoroughly characterized using BET, temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 and CO2, pyridine-FTIR, XRD, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques.1 aShinde, Suhas1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/cascade-reductive-etherification-bioderived-aldehydes-over-zr-based-catalysts01002nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260000800227300001200235490000700247520036500254100001900619700001800638700001900656700002500675856013200700 2017 eng d00aFacile one-pot synthesis of aliphatic bridged diaryloxy compounds, cyclic and crown ethers under mild conditions0 aFacile onepot synthesis of aliphatic bridged diaryloxy compounds cJAN a462-4700 v293 aWe report here the facile, room temperature, catalyst free, one pot synthesis of aliphatic bridged diaryloxy compounds, cyclic and crown ethers. Anhydrous potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as a mild base along with dimethyl sulfoxide generates the phenoxide ion which facilitates the nucleophilic substitution of bromoalkanes to yield the corresponding crown ethers.1 aSakate, Sachin1 aKamble, Sumit1 aChikate, Rajiv1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/facile-one-pot-synthesis-aliphatic-bridged-diaryloxy-compounds-cyclic-and-crown-ethers-under01578nas a2200193 4500008004100000245018700041210006900228260000800297300001400305490000700319520079000326100002201116700002101138700002501159700002701184700001601211700002501227856013201252 2017 eng d00aMicrowave-assisted synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles via [3+2] cycloaddition over a heterogeneous Cu-based catalyst: application to the preparation of N-13-labelled tetrazoles0 aMicrowaveassisted synthesis of 5substituted 1Htetrazoles via 32  cAUG a8084-80910 v413 aThe [3+2] cycloaddition between various nitriles and sodium azide proceeds smoothly in the presence of a new Cu-II catalyst in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to give the corresponding 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles. The desired tetrazoles were obtained in high yields within 3-30 min by employing controlled microwave heating. The reaction most probably proceeds through the activation of the nitrile groups by the Cu-II species, followed by a successive [3+2] cycloaddition with the sodium azide. The good performance of the catalyst enabled the preparation of selected tetrazoles labelled with the positron emitter nitrogen-13 even under conventional heating. The short reaction time, simple work-up procedure, and recyclability of the catalyst are advantages of the method reported here.1 aJoshi, Sameer, M.1 aMane, Rasika, B.1 aPulagam, Krishna, R.1 aGomez-Vallejo, Vanessa1 aLlop, Jordi1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/microwave-assisted-synthesis-5-substituted-1h-tetrazoles-32-cycloaddition-over-heterogeneous02348nas a2200145 4500008004100000245012000041210006900161260000800230300001400238490000700252520176600259100002102025700002502046856013102071 2017 eng d00aSolvent-free glycerol transesterification with propylene carbonate to glycerol carbonate over a solid base catalyst0 aSolventfree glycerol transesterification with propylene carbonat cAPR a4361-43710 v313 aGlycerol transesterification using propylene carbonate (PC) to glycerol carbonate.(GC) could be efficiently performed under solvent-free 'conditions 'wing solid base as catalysts involving non-noble metal oxide in combination with hydrotalcites (HTs). Among all of the catalysts studied for transesterification, the best result was obtained over a calcium-doped hyclrotalcite (Ca-FIT) catalyst, giving 84% conversion of glycerol and almost complete. GC selectivity. The crystal structure of HT was modified by incorporation of Ca and La into FIT, as revealed by X-ray diffraction studies. The temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide study confirmed the presence of the highest basic site density in terms of 1.94 mmol of CO2 desorbed/g of catalyst, responsible for its higher transesterification efficiency of the Ca-HT catalyst. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study showed peaks at 3036 and 3042 cm(-1) for Ca -HT and lanthanum-doped hydrotalcite (La -HT), respectively, confirming the presence of hydrogen bonding between water and interlayer carbonate anions responsible for abstracting proton from the primary hydroxyl group of glycerol to attack over carbonyl carbon of PC. The presence of intercalated carbonate ions is also confirmed by the Raman study, in both PIT and ca-HT catalysts and even after use of the Ca HT catalyst. The thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis study evidenced the higher thermal stability of the Ca -HT (T-4 = 765 degrees C) catalyst than that of parent HT with a Mg/Al ratio of 3:1 (T4 = 630 degrees C). Various process conditions, such as the temperature, molar ratio of glycerol/PC, and catalyst loading, significantly influenced conversion and selectivity of glycerol: and GC, Tespectively.1 aKondawar, Sharda1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/solvent-free-glycerol-transesterification-propylene-carbonate-glycerol-carbonate-over-solid02278nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260000800217300001400225490000600239520147500245653003001720653002401750653001801774653003101792653001201823100001801835700002001853700002001873700002501893856011801918 2018 eng d a2365-654900aCascade synthesis of 5-(Acetoxymethyl) furfural from carbohydrates over Sn-mont catalyst0 aCascade synthesis of 5Acetoxymethyl furfural from carbohydrates  cAUG a8770-87780 v33 a

The 5-(Acetoxymethyl)furfural (AcMF) is emerged as an important alternative for 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF). It is also a starting material for those products which are typically prepared from HMF. The growing importance of AcMF encouraged us to prepare it directly from cheap and abundant carbohydrates. The production AcMF from glucose and glucose-like carbohydrates is an exigent assignment, owing to tough isomerisation of glucose to fructose. The Sn-Mont catalyst having a unique combination of Lewis as well as Bronsted acid sites was employed for direct glucose conversion into AcMF. Lewis acid sites of Sn-Mont facilitate the isomerisation of glucose to fructose. At the same time, dehydrative-esterification of fructose to AcMF is catalyzed by Bronsted acid sites of Sn-Mont. Different concentrations of Sn containing Sn-Mont catalysts were by prepared mixing montmorillonite clay with different molar concentration (e.g. 0.1 M-0.4 M) of aqueous solutions of SnCl4 center dot 5H(2)O. AcMF was produced in as high as 43% yield directly from glucose over Sn-Mont(0.3 M) catalyst owing to its highest acid strength. The efficacy of Sn-Mont(0.3 M) catalyst was also probed for sucrose and fructose that resulted in 53% and 58% yield of AcMF, respectively. The critical properties of all the prepared Sn-Mont catalysts were investigated through XRD, BET surface area, ICP-OES, temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 and pyridine-FTIR and XPS techniques.

10a5-(Acetoxymethyl)furfural10aBronsted/Lewis acid10acarbohydrates10aDehydrative-esterification10aSn-Mont1 aShinde, Suhas1 aDeval, Kashmira1 aChikate, Rajeev1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/cascade-synthesis-5-acetoxymethyl-furfural-carbohydrates-over-sn-mont-catalyst01784nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260000800204300001000212490000800222520100100230653000601231653000601237653001701243653001801260653001801278653001601296653001801312100001801330700001701348700001901365700002501384856010901409 2018 eng d a0960-852400aMixed bacterial culture mediated direct conversion of bio-glycerol to diols0 aMixed bacterial culture mediated direct conversion of bioglycero cFEB a86-930 v2503 a

Direct and economic transformation of biodiesel derived crude glycerol is gaining more significance. During screening of bacterial cultures Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes were able to convert crude bio-glycerol to 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), as major compounds, ethanol and acetoin as minor compounds, with a conversion of 69% and 79% respectively. Process optimization could achieve maximum conversion at pH 7.0, 37 degrees C, 30-40 g/L glycerol and 1.5 g of inoculum until 120 h. Mixed cultures led to complete glycerol conversion with optimal yield and productivity. An innovative approach of using crude glycerol for sustained growth and tolerance of bacteria as source of carbon and energy makes this study more significant. In addition to this, a mixed culture concept introduced here is expected to make impact in process economics for industrial scale synthesis for direct transformation of glycerol into C3 and specifically, C4 diols.

10a110a210a3-Butanediol10a3-Propanediol10aBioconversion10aBioglycerol10aMixed culture1 aParate, Roopa1 aMane, Rasika1 aDharne, Mahesh1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/mixed-bacterial-culture-mediated-direct-conversion-bio-glycerol-diols02005nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128260000800197490000800205520143000213100002401643700002101667700002101688700002501709856011301734 2019 eng d00aCrystalline LaCoO3 perovskite as a novel catalyst for glycerol transesterification0 aCrystalline LaCoO3 perovskite as a novel catalyst for glycerol t cOCT0 v4753 a

LaCoO3 perovskite was synthesized using sol-gel method by nitrate and acetate precursors of La and Co with varying molar ratios of La and Co (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1). This was found to be an unique strategy to obtain highly crystalline LaCoO3 perovskite material without using any chelating agent. The variation of precursors was found to influence their crystallinity however, variation in molar ratio in the range of 0.5-2, did not affect the formation of perovskite framework. The formation of pure perovskite phase (around or > 80%) could be achieved by combination of acetate and nitrate precursors while, the combination of acetate- acetate or nitrate- nitrate precursors resulted in low phase purity for the perovskite due to the formation of secondary phases like La2O3 and Co3O4. Very interestingly, such combination of perovskite and pure oxide phases contributed to enhancement of basic sites which catalyzed the glycerol transestrifiaction with DMC (dimethyl carbonate) to GC (glycerol carbonate) and GD (glycidol). Among all the catalysts studied, NAP-2 showed highest efficiency in terms of 98% glycerol conversion and 77% GC and 22% GD selectivities. The highlight of this work is that first step glycerol transesterification with DMC required basic sites of either metal oxide or perovskite but for cascade reaction involving decarboxylation required both metal oxide as well as LaCoO3 perovskite phase.

1 aPhadtare, Deepshree1 aKondawar, Sharda1 aAthawale, Anjali1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/crystalline-lacoo3-perovskite-novel-catalyst-glycerol-transesterification01549nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245015200055210006900207260000900276300001400285490000600299520084200305100002301147700002001170700002501190700002301215856012901238 2019 eng d a2044-475300aEfficient bifunctional reactivity of K-doped CrO(OH) nanosheets: exploiting the combined role of Cr(iii) and surface -OH groups in tandem catalysis0 aEfficient bifunctional reactivity of Kdoped CrOOH nanosheets exp cMAR  a1154-11640 v93 a

This work reports the bifunctional catalytic activity of layered K-doped alpha-CrO(OH). The combined action of the redox active Cr(III) and the surface hydroxyl groups was efficiently used to carry out 2-3 oxidation reactions in tandem followed by condensation/coupling reactions in one pot. Oxidation of benzyl alcohol followed by Knoevenagel condensation or coupling reactions forming C-C and C-N linkages in one pot is demonstrated. The catalyst has been characterized using XRD, IR, TGA, CO2-TPD, cyclic voltammetry, XPS and microscopic techniques to gain insight into the nature of active sites. The role of O- and O2- on the CrO(OH) catalyst in the bifunctional activity was studied using analytical techniques. Recyclability and leaching tests confirmed that K-alpha-CrO(OH) is a stable and environmentally safe catalyst.

1 aVernekar, Dnyanesh1 aRatha, Satyajit1 aRode, Chandrashekhar1 aJagadeesan, Dinesh uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/efficient-bifunctional-reactivity-k-doped-crooh-nanosheets-exploiting-combined-role-criii01424nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245014100055210006900196260000900265300001000274490000800284520057700292653001300869653001300882653002900895653003200924653001500956100001800971700001800989700001901007700002501026856013101051 2019 eng d a1566-736700aPyridine immobilised on magnetic silica as an efficient solid base catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation of furfural with acetyl acetone0 aPyridine immobilised on magnetic silica as an efficient solid ba cMAY  a81-850 v1243 a

Novel heterogeneous pyridine immobilised magnetic silica (Fe3O4@SiO2-Py) was found to be an efficient, greener and heterogeneous solid base catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation of furfural with acetylacetone under optimized reaction conditions. The Knoevenagel condensation product 3-(2-furylmethylene)-2,4-pentanedione (FMP), a jet fuel precursor, was produced in high yield of 85% with 94% conversion of furfural at 100 degrees C within a period of 4 h. Fe3O4@SiO2-Py catalyst showed excellent stability and recyclability without losing its initial activity.

10afurfural10aJet fuel10aKnoevenagel condensation10aSilica immobilised pyridine10aSolid base1 aTarade, Komal1 aShinde, Suhas1 aSakate, Sachin1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/pyridine-immobilised-magnetic-silica-efficient-solid-base-catalyst-knoevenagel-condensation02024nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260000900242300001200251490000600263520120900269653003301478653001601511653001501527653002301542653001401565100001801579700001801597700001801615700002501633856012401658 2020 eng d a2365-654900aIntegration of heterogeneous acid and base catalysis for clean synthesis of jet-fuel precursor from carbohydrates0 aIntegration of heterogeneous acid and base catalysis for clean s cJAN  a392-4000 v53 a

C-12 branched alkane fuel precursor was produced from carbohydrates using an efficient integrated solid acid and base catalysis approach involving: i) isomerisation-dehydration of carbohydrates to 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) over solid acid catalyst having both Lewis and Bronsted sites) in a biphasic MIBK (methylisobutylketone): water + DMSO solvent system and ii) Claisen-Schmidt condensation of crude HMF with MIBK over solid base catalyst. Initially, high yield of jet fuel precursor, (E)-1-(5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)-5-methylhex-1-en-3-one from pure HMF and MIBK was achieved over basic CaMgAl(231) catalyst. The glucose dehydration to HMF was optimized in biphasic MIBK: H2O-NaCl: DMSO (8:1.5:0.5; v/v/v) system, with complete glucose conversion and 42% HMF yield over Zr-Mont possessing both Lewis and Bronsted acid sites. In an integrated dehydration + Claisen-Schmidt condensation sequence, Zr-Mont catalyst was filtered off and the crude HMF with MIBK underwent Claisen-Schmidt condensation over CaMgAl(231) catalyst. The overall 32% yield of Claisen-Schmidt condensation product was achieved from glucose. MIBK acting also as a product extractant, could be recovered upto 80%.

10aClaisen-Schmidt condensation10adehydration10aintegrated10ajet-fuel precursor10arenewable1 aShinde, Suhas1 aTarade, Komal1 aMitra, Gaurav1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/integration-heterogeneous-acid-and-base-catalysis-clean-synthesis-jet-fuel-precursor01997nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260000800249300001100257490000800268520118700276653001901463653001801482653003301500653002401533653001701557100001801574700001801592700002501610856013201635 2020 eng d a0378-382000aMagnetically separable catalyst for condensation of renewable aldehydes and 2-methylfuran to saturated cyclic oxygenates0 aMagnetically separable catalyst for condensation of renewable al cJAN a1061910 v1973 a

The saturated cyclic ethers produced from biomass derived aldehydes and 2-methylfuran are the potential diesel fuel candidates. The synthesis of saturated cyclic ethers is a two step process which involves acid catalyzed condensation of aldehydes with 2-methylfuran and the subsequent selective furan ring hydrogenation of the condensation products. Here, we designed a novel recyclable magnetic solid acid catalyst such as [Fe3O4@SiO2-Pr-Py-H][2HSO(4)(2-)] and employed for the condensation of 2-methylfuran with formaldehyde as model substrates and reaction parameters were optimized. Under the set reaction conditions, condensation of 2-methylfuran with several other aldehydes were also successfully achieved with very good yields. Further, several supported noble metal catalysts were screened in order to find suitable catalyst system for selective furan ring hydrogenation of condensation products. Among those, 5% Pd/C was found to be very active and selective for furan ring hydrogenation without formation of ring opened products under very low hydrogen pressure at room temperature. Prepared catalysts were thoroughly characterized with sophisticated techniques.

10afuel additives10aHydrogenation10aHydroxyalkylation-alkylation10aMagnetic solid acid10aOrganosilica1 aTarade, Komal1 aShinde, Suhas1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/magnetically-separable-catalyst-condensation-renewable-aldehydes-and-2-methylfuran-saturated02022nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245016300055210006900218260000800287300001100295490000800306520105500314653001701369653002701386653002401413653001801437653002501455100002001480700002101500700002001521700002101541700002501562700002101587700001401608856012201622 2020 eng d a0045-653500aSynthesis of silver nanoparticles colloids in imidazolium halide ionic liquids and their antibacterial activities for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria0 aSynthesis of silver nanoparticles colloids in imidazolium halide cMAR a1253020 v2433 a

Four 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium halide ionic liquids were synthesized via metathesis and anion exchange reactions. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) colloids were synthesized in four ionic liquids in the pressurized reactor by reduction of silver nitrate with hydrogen gas, without adding solvents or stabilizing agents. Antibacterial activities of base ionic liquids and AgNPs colloids in ionic liquids were reviewed by well-diffusion method for gram-positive Bacillus cereus (NCIM-2155) and gram-negative Escherichia coli (NCIM-2931) bacteria. Antibacterial activities of ionic liquids and AgNPs colloids in ionic liquids were observed to be controlled by ionic liquids anions and AgNPs particle size. The 1 -butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ionic liquid exhibited higher antibacterial activities among the studied ionic liquids. Further, the presence of AgNPs in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, ionic liquid enhanced its antibacterial activity for Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli bacteria. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aAnion effect10aantibacterial activity10aImidazolium halides10aionic liquids10asilver nanoparticles1 aPatil, Virendra1 aMahajan, Swapnil1 aKulkarni, Mohan1 aPatil, Kashinath1 aRode, Chandrashekhar1 aCoronas, Alberto1 aYi, Gi-Ra uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-silver-nanoparticles-colloids-imidazolium-halide-ionic-liquids-and-their02064nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245011200055210006900167260000800236300001400244490000700258520120900265653000601474653001701480653001701497653002101514653001301535653001301548653002701561100001801588700002001606700001901626700002501645856012801670 2021 eng d a0268-257500aBioglycerol (C3) upgrading to 2,3-butanediol (C4) by cell-free extracts of Enterobacter aerogenes NCIM 26950 aBioglycerol C3 upgrading to 23butanediol C4 by cellfree extracts cMAY a1316-13250 v963 a

BACKGROUND Production of biobased chemicals from renewable resources is a green starring approach that serves as a substitute to petroleum derivatives. Bioglycerol, with its growing production as a co-product of biodiesel, is an attractive low-cost feedstock for the synthesis of platform chemicals by microbial fermentation. 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) is amongst the top biorefinery platform chemicals that can be produced by glycerol fermentation. RESULTS The `Circular Economy' concept is demonstrated by converting the by-product bioglycerol using a cell-free extract of Enterobacter aerogenes NCIM 2695 (National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms, NCIM), yielding 22 g L-1 2,3-BDO, in 96 h, 98% atom economy and 0.4 g/g E factor. The cell-free bioglycerol conversion to 2,3-BDO was proved using a modified procedure for determining glycerol dehydrogenase enzyme assay by protein analysis and it was also shown to be cell-bounded. CONCLUSION Our study offers an effective utilization of the leftover material (i.e. cell-free extract) that biocatalysed C3 to C4 diol, which adds value to the overall economics of the process using only crude glycerol (C3) itself as a fermentative medium.

10a210a3-Butanediol10aatom economy10acircular economy10aE factor10aGlycerol10aglycerol dehydrogenase1 aParate, Roopa1 aBorgave, Mrunal1 aDharne, Mahesh1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/bioglycerol-c3-upgrading-23-butanediol-c4-cell-free-extracts-enterobacter-aerogenes-ncim01751nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245006800055210006800123260000800191300001000199490000700209520080600216653002001022653002601042653003801068653002101106100002001127700001901147700001601166700001901182700002001201700001701221700002501238700002001263700002001283700001801303700001601321856010001337 2021 eng d a1580-294900aMechanical properties of anodic titanium dioxide nanostructures0 aMechanical properties of anodic titanium dioxide nanostructures cJAN a19-240 v553 a

Highly ordered and uniform titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (NTs) with different morphologies (15 nm, 50 nm and 100 nm in diameter) were prepared by the electrochemical anodization of Ti substrates. The TiO2 NTs' surface properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The elastic modulus (E) and the Vickers hardness (HV) of the Ti foil and of the different-morphology TiO2 NTs were evaluated with the nano-indentation technique. E and HV increase with the decreasing length/diameter of the NTs, meaning that NTs with smaller diameters are more resistant to mechanical wear. The elastic modulus of the TiO2 NTs with 15-nm and 50-nm diameters is similar to that of the human bone.

10aElastic modulus10amechanical properties10atitanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes10aVickers hardness1 aKulkarni, Mukta1 aSepitka, Josef1 aJunkar, Ita1 aBencina, Metka1 aRawat, Niharika1 aMazare, Anca1 aRode, Chandrashekhar1 aGokhale, Suresh1 aSchmuki, Patrik1 aDaniel, Matej1 aIglic, Ales uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/mechanical-properties-anodic-titanium-dioxide-nanostructures02135nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260000800238300001100246490000700257520127700264653002601541653001301567653002301580653002101603100002301624700001801647700002101665700001601686700002401702700002501726856013001751 2021 eng d a0019-452200aRole of preparation parameters of Cu-Zn mixed oxide catalyst in solvent free glycerol carbonylation with urea0 aRole of preparation parameters of CuZn mixed oxide catalyst in s cJUL a1000900 v983 aSolvent-free carbonylation of glycerol with urea to glycerol carbonate (GC) was achieved over heterogeneous Cu-Zn mixed oxide catalyst. Cu-Zn catalysts with different ratios of Cu:Zn were prepared using co-precipitation (CP) and oxalate gel (OG) methods. As compared to CuO-ZnO(2:1) catalyst prepared by oxalate gel (OG) method, much higher conversion of glycerol and highest selectivity towards glycerol carbonate (GC) was achieved with CuO-ZnO_CP(2:1) catalyst. Physicochemical properties of prepared catalysts were investigated by using XRD, FT-IR, BET, TPD of CO2 and NH3 and TEM techniques. The effect of stoichiometric ratio of Cu/Zn, calcination temperature of CuO-ZnO catalysts and effect of reaction parameters such as molar ratio of substrates, time and temperature on glycerol conversion to GC were critically studied. Cu/Zn of 2:1 ratio, glycerol-urea 1:1 molar ratio, 145 degrees C reaction temperatures were found to be optimized reaction conditions to achieve highest glycerol conversion of 86% and complete selectivity towards GC. The continuous expel of NH 3 from reaction the mixture avoided formation of ammonia complex with CuO-ZnO catalyst. As a result of this, CuO-ZnO catalyst could be recycled up to three times without losing its initial activity.10aCo-precipitation (CP)10aGlycerol10aGlycerol carbonate10aOxalate gel (OG)1 aCharate, Shrinivas1 aShinde, Suhas1 aKondawar, Sharda1 aDesai, Uday1 aWadgaonkar, Prakash1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/role-preparation-parameters-cu-zn-mixed-oxide-catalyst-solvent-free-glycerol-carbonylation01770nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160260000800229300001500237490000700252520097900259653000801238653003001246653001301276653001701289653002601306653001101332100001801343700001701361700002501378856012501403 2022 eng d a2193-580700aInfluence of catalyst reduction temperature on autogenous glycerol hydrogenolysis over NiAl catalyst0 aInfluence of catalyst reduction temperature on autogenous glycer cFEB ae2021007040 v113 a

Autogenous glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,2-propanediol by aqueous phase reforming (APR) was investigated over supported nickel catalysts. Effect of reduction temperature on physico-chemical properties of catalysts played a significant role in tuning conversion and product selectivities. The formation of nickel aluminate (NiAl2O4) spinel phase during catalyst reduction led to rearrangement of Ni species to obtain small and stable Ni particles. The catalyst activation temperature alters the extent of reduction of multivalent Ni species (Ni-0, Ni+2/+3) which facilitated glycerol dehydration and hydrogenation while suppressing C-C cleavage and thus avoiding undesirable side products. Additionally, presence of moderate Bronsted/Lewis acid ratio of the catalyst promoted higher 1,2-PDO selectivity. In-situ glycerol hydrogenolysis involves glycerol dehydration to acetol with simultaneous reforming to H-2 and CO2 and this hydrogen converts acetol to 1,2-PDO.

10aAPR10aautogenous hydrogenolysis10aGlycerol10aPropanediols10areduction temperature10aspinel1 aPandya, Rajan1 aMane, Rasika1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/influence-catalyst-reduction-temperature-autogenous-glycerol-hydrogenolysis-over-nial01303nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155260000800224300001100232490000700243520058000250653001200830653002400842653001800866653001700884653001900901100002100920700002500941856011900966 2022 eng d a2452-223600aIonic liquids for the sustainable transformation of levulinic acid to gamma-valerolactone (GVL)0 aIonic liquids for the sustainable transformation of levulinic ac cJUN a1006070 v353 a

This short review is focused on recent findings on the role of ionic liquids (ILs) in catalysing the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to gamma valerolactone (GVL), which is a cascade reaction involving more than one type of reaction. A brief introduction on green aspects of IL as a catalyst followed by various types of ILs being used for hydrogenation of LA to GVL are discussed. The unique characteristics of ILs responsible for hydrogenation reaction are also explained along with the current and upcoming scenario of IL catalysed hydrogenation of LA to GVL.

10aBiomass10aGamma valerolactone10aHydrogenation10aIonic liquid10alevulinic acid1 aKondawar, Sharda1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ionic-liquids-sustainable-transformation-levulinic-acid-gamma-valerolactone-gvl02735nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260000800250300001400258490000700272520210000279100001702379700001702396700002502413856012702438 2022 eng d a1463-926200aReview on non-noble metal catalysts for glycerol hydrodeoxygenation to 1,2-propanediol with and without external hydrogen0 aReview on nonnoble metal catalysts for glycerol hydrodeoxygenati cSEP a6751-67810 v243 a

The depleting petroleum oil resources, political embargos, and global warming dilemma have made it mandatory to develop alternative green technologies for energy and chemical production. Glycerol is one of the top-12 building block chemicals that can be mainly obtained as a coproduct of biodiesel production. The value addition of glycerol is only possible through its conversion to commodity and fine chemicals. Glycerol hydrogenolysis is one of the crucial pathways to produce several value-added products, among which 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO), 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), ethylene glycol (EG) and 1-and/or 2-propanols are hydrogenolysis products. Selective glycerol hydrogenolysis to the desired product 1,2-PDO is only possible through the catalyst having an optimum combination of acid/base and metal sites (metallic and mixed oxides). The present review mainly focuses on the critical assessment of the influence of different supports, catalyst preparation methods, and/or pretreatment on structural, and electronic properties and simultaneously on the activity and product selectivity of non-noble metal catalysts. The role of reaction parameters in this industrially important reaction on catalyst performance will also be presented. A rigorous survey of patented literature on non-noble metal-catalyzed glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,2-PDO is also discussed. Further, the review covers recent progress on non-noble metal-catalyzed autogenous glycerol hydrogenolysis through glycerol aqueous phase reforming (APR) and/or catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis (CTH), to overcome the cost and handling issues of external hydrogen. Finally, techno-economic analysis is also presented which compares the glycerol hydrogenolysis with and without external hydrogen with the conventional process of 1,2-PDO production. This analysis indicated that CTH and glycerol hydrogenolysis under ambient hydrogen pressure have the potential for commercialization, however catalyst stability and elimination of co-product formation at higher glycerol concentration need to be considered critically.

1 aMane, Rasika1 aJeon, Yukwon1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/review-non-noble-metal-catalysts-glycerol-hydrodeoxygenation-12-propanediol-and-without04129nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013600041210006900177260000800246300001200254490000700266520348100273100001703754700001903771700001703790700002503807856012703832 2024 eng d00aCalcination temperature impacting the structure and activity of CuAl catalyst in aqueous glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,2-propanediol0 aCalcination temperature impacting the structure and activity of  cNOV a318-3310 v683 a

This study investigated the impact of calcination temperature on the structural properties of CuAl catalyst which was found to be a robust nano-structured catalyst calcined directly without ramping at 400 °C and performed exceedingly well for aqueous phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol. Various samples of CuAl catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation at Cu: Al molar ratio 1:1 and were calcined at different temperatures (300–1000 °C). The obtained catalysts were reduced at 200 °C before their activity testing for glycerol hydrogenolysis reaction. To correlate the structure-activity, the catalysts were thoroughly characterized by XRD, XPS, BET, TEM, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, and pyridine FTIR. It was observed that with an increase in calcination temperature from 300 to 700 °C, the glycerol conversion also increased from 47 to 55% with 93% selectivity to 1,2-PDO. The better performance of these catalysts was mainly related to the predominant presence of Brønsted acid sites, an appropriate ratio of the Cu0 to CuAl2O4 + CuO (0.33) and CuAl2O4 to CuO phases (0.35), the existence of Cu2O phase and the smaller Cu0 particle size. It was shown that altering the ramping rate for the calcination temperature of 400 °C impacted the catalytic activity. The CuAl-400 (DC) (direct calcined) catalyst exhibited a maximum glycerol conversion of 60%.

1 aMane, Rasika1 aPotdar, Aparna1 aJeon, Yukwon1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/calcination-temperature-impacting-structure-and-activity-cual-catalyst-aqueous-glycerol02394nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260000800249490000900257520156100266653002801827653002101855653001601876653001501892653002001907100001701927700002101944700001901965700002501984700001902009856012402028 2024 eng d a0022-328X00aCuNPs@Al2O3-cellulose composite for the ligand-free Suzuki cross-coupling reactions in batch and continuous flow process0 aCuNPsAl2O3cellulose composite for the ligandfree Suzuki crosscou cJAN0 v10043 a

In the present work, we synthesized recyclable CuNPs@Al2O3-CELL composite from an inexpensive and commercially available synthetic reagent by a simple method. The catalyst was characterized by various techniques such as TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis), SEM (Scanning electron microscope), TEM (Transmission electron microscopy), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), EDS (Energy dispersive spectroscopy), and AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy). The composite was applied for the Suzuki coupling reactions in the batch and flow process. The aryl halides were easily coupled with arylboronic acids in 95 % ethanol at 78 C. We systematically investigated the role of reaction temperature, solvent, and catalyst loading, on the transient and steady-state behavior of the flow reactor through an automated flow chemistry platform. The CuNPs@Al2O3CELL catalytic particles demonstrate minimal deactivation and leaching over a continuous Suzuki coupling reaction at a 20 min nominal residence time at 100 C. Moreover, the catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and reused at least five times with a moderate decrease in product yield. The excellent activity and stability of the catalyst have been attributed to the strong chelation of the Cu species with hydroxyl functional groups of the Al2O3-CELL composite. The catalytic system was highly efficient in Suzuki coupling of various aryl bromides with different aryl boronic acids, yielding good to excellent product yields (80-96 %) with a TON of 15.914-19.066 and TOF of 2.649-9.533 h(-1).

10aContinuous flow process10aCuNPs@Al2O3-CELL10aligand-free10arecyclable10aSuzuki coupling1 aPatil, Seema1 aRajmane, Archana1 aJadhav, Sanjay1 aRode, Chandrashekhar1 aKumbhar, Arjun uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/cunpsal2o3-cellulose-composite-ligand-free-suzuki-cross-coupling-reactions-batch-and02604nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245008600055210007000141260000800211300001400219490000700233520201800240100001802258700002502276700001902301856011402320 2025 eng d a1144-054600aMagnetically separable Brønsted acid catalyst for the synthesis of Bisguaiacol-F0 aMagnetically separable Brønsted acid catalyst for the synthesis  cFEB a3273-32840 v493 a

Currently, polycarbonates, epoxy resins, and plastics are commercially made from Bisphenol-A. However, BPA-containing materials are well known for causing major health problems and have been banned in several countries. To address this concern, Bisguaiacol-F (BGF) has been developed as a safer and more sustainable alternative to Bisphenol-A. We created a novel sulfonic acid-functionalized, magnetically separable heterogeneous Br & oslash;nsted acid catalyst, [Fe3O4@SiO2-(Pr)3-N-Bu-SO3H][HSO4-], which was successfully utilized for the manufacture of BGF by condensing 37% aq. formaldehyde with two molecules of guaiacol. The main objective for this reaction was to avoid using excess guaiacol while also completing the conversion of both starting components. Surprisingly, our manufactured catalyst promotes the complete conversion of aqueous formaldehyde and guaiacol into regioisomers such as pp `-BGF, mp `-BGF and op `-BGF with 62%, 15%, and 6% selectivity, respectively. Our novel magnetically separable heterogeneous catalyst has improved catalytic activity in terms of starting material conversion and product distribution, which can be attributed to its unique structural characteristics. It contains a pendant -SO3H group that is connected to a lengthy butyl chain, making it conveniently accessible in the reaction. We have created the framework for a promising and environmentally aware approach to the synthesis of Bisguaiacol-F by meticulously optimizing reaction parameters such as time, temperature, reactant molar ratio, and catalyst loading. The catalyst was extensively characterized using acid-base titration, FT-IR, XRD, TGA, and NMR techniques to confirm the structure and reveal remarkable stability and activity. Notably, the catalyst demonstrated recyclability across six consecutive runs, with no noticeable reduction in its effectiveness. The catalytic activity was also tested for guaiacol condensation with a variety of aldehydes to create Bisguaiacol derivatives.

1 aTarade, Komal1 aRode, Chandrashekhar1 aKamble, Sanjay uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/magnetically-separable-br%C3%B8nsted-acid-catalyst-synthesis-bisguaiacol-f