01560nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131260007400200300001200274490000700286520071800293653002701011653002901038653002501067653001101092653002501103100001801128700002001146700002601166700002001192856010601212 2010 eng d a0141-549200aStrain improvement of lactobacillus lactis for d-lactic acid production0 aStrain improvement of lactobacillus lactis for dlactic acid prod aVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDSbSPRINGERcAPR a517-5200 v323 a

Three mutants, isolated by repeated UV mutagenesis of Lactobacillus lactis NCIM 2368, produced increased d-lactic acid concentrations. These mutants were compared with the wild type using 100 g hydrolyzed cane sugar/l in the fermentation medium. One mutant, RM2-24, produced 81 g lactic acid/l which was over three times that of the wild type. The highest d-lactic acid (110 g/l) in batch fermentation was obtained with 150 g cane sugar/l with a 73% lactic acid yield. The mutant utilizes cellobiose efficiently, converting it into d-lactic acid suggesting the presence of cellobiase. Thus, this strain could be used to obtain d-lactic acid from cellulosic materials that are pre-hydrolyzed with cellulase.

10aCellobiose utilization10aD-Lactic acid production10aLactobacillus lactis10aMutant10aSucrose (cane sugar)1 aJoshi, D., S.1 aSinghvi, M., S.1 aKhire, Jayant, Malhar1 aGokhale, D., V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/strain-improvement-lactobacillus-lactis-d-lactic-acid-production-001852nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245014800055210006900203260009900272300001400371490000800385520094100393653003701334653001901371653002901390653002701419100002001446700002201466700002001488856012601508 2011 eng d a0960-852400aComparative production of cellulases by mutants of penicillium janthinellum NCIM 1171 and its application in hydrolysis of avicel and cellulose0 aComparative production of cellulases by mutants of penicillium j aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJUN a6569-65720 v1023 a

Mutants of Penicillium janthinellum NCIM 1171 were evaluated for cellulase production using both submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid state fermentation (SSF). Mutant EU2D-21 gave highest yields of cellulases in both SmF and SSF. Hydrolysis of Avicel and cellulose were compared using SmF and SSF derived enzyme preparations obtained from EU2D-21. Surprisingly, the use of SSF derived preparation gave less hydrolysis compared to SmF derived enzymes. This may be due to inactivation of beta-glucosidase at 50 degrees C in SSF derived enzyme preparations. SmF derived enzyme preparations contained both thermostable and thermosensitive beta-glucosidases where as SSF derived enzyme preparations contained predominantly thermosensitive beta-glucosidase. This is the first report on less thermostability of SSF derived p-glucosidase which is the main reason for getting less hydrolysis. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10abeta-Glucosidase thermostability10aMutant EU2D-2110aSolid state fermentation10aSubmerged fermentation1 aSinghvi, M., S.1 aAdsul, Mukund, G.1 aGokhale, D., V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/comparative-production-cellulases-mutants-penicillium-janthinellum-ncim-1171-and-its-002036nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260009900223300001400322490000800336520113800344653002401482653002401506653001201530653001601542653002501558100002201583700002001605700002801625700002001653856012101673 2011 eng d a0960-852400aDevelopment of biocatalysts for production of commodity chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass0 aDevelopment of biocatalysts for production of commodity chemical aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcMAR a4304-43120 v1023 a

Lignocellulosic biomass is recognized as potential sustainable source for production of power, biofuels and variety of commodity chemicals which would potentially add economic value to biomass. Recalcitrance nature of biomass is largely responsible for the high cost of its conversion. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce some cost effective pretreatment processes to make the biomass polysaccharides easily amenable to enzymatic attack to release mixed fermentable sugars. Advancement in systemic biology can provide new tools for the development of such biocatalysts for sustainable production of commodity chemicals from biomass. Integration of functional genomics and system biology approaches may generate efficient microbial systems with new metabolic routes for production of commodity chemicals. This paper provides an overview of the challenges that are faced by the processes converting lignocellulosic biomass to commodity chemicals. The critical factors involved in engineering new microbial biocatalysts are also discussed with more emphasis on commodity chemicals. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aBiomass utilization10aCommodity chemicals10aEthanol10aLactic acid10aMicrobial cellulases1 aAdsul, Mukund, G.1 aSinghvi, M., S.1 aGaikaiwari, Shalaka, A.1 aGokhale, D., V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/development-biocatalysts-production-commodity-chemicals-lignocellulosic-biomass-002321nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245005900055210005800114260000800172300001400180490000800194520161100202653001801813653001801831653001801849653001301867653002501880653002001905100002001925700002101945700002001966856009301986 2019 eng d a1364-507200aPolylactic acid: synthesis and biomedical applications0 aPolylactic acid synthesis and biomedical applications cDEC a1612-16260 v1273 a

Social and economic development has driven considerable scientific and engineering efforts on the discovery, development and utilization of polymers. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most promising biopolymers as it can be produced from nontoxic renewable feedstock. PLA has emerged as an important polymeric material for biomedical applications on account of its properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength and process ability. Lactic acid (LA) can be obtained by fermentation of sugars derived from renewable resources such as corn and sugarcane. PLA is thus an eco-friendly nontoxic polymer with features that permit use in the human body. Although PLA has a wide spectrum of applications, there are certain limitations such as slow degradation rate, hydrophobicity and low impact toughness associated with its use. Blending PLA with other polymers offers convenient options to improve associated properties or to generate novel PLA polymers/blends for target applications. A variety of PLA blends have been explored for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, implants, sutures and tissue engineering. PLA and their copolymers are becoming widely used in tissue engineering for function restoration of impaired tissues due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. The relationship between PLA material properties, manufacturing processes and development of products with desirable characteristics is described in this article. LA production, PLA synthesis and their applications in the biomedical field are also discussed.

10aBiocompatible10abiodegradable10adrug delivery10aimplants10al- and d-lactic acid10apolylactic acid1 aSinghvi, M., S.1 aZinjarde, S., S.1 aGokhale, D., V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/polylactic-acid-synthesis-and-biomedical-applications