02012nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245010700055210006900162260007500231300001200306490000700318520115700325653001401482653002501496653001901521653001501540653002501555653002401580100002101604700002801625856012901653       2011                        eng d  a1571-101300aBiodiesel production from vegetable oils and animal fat over solid acid double-metal cyanide catalysts0 aBiodiesel production from vegetable oils and animal fat over sol  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERScSEP  a145-1600 v153 a<p>Biodiesel comprises of fatty acid alkyl esters prepared from vegetable oils or animal fat by esterification/transesterification with short-chain alcohols (methanol or ethanol, for example). It is a biodegradable renewable fuel. Its production is growing exponentially due to greater concerns about environmental protection and depletion of fossil fuel resources. Further, its production from non-edible oils and animal fat is more desirable than from edible oils due to lower cost of non-edible feedstocks and elimination of food verses fuel issues. Solid acid catalysts are ideal for conversion of such low-grade oils to biodiesel. Biodiesel from non-edible oils can be produced by two methods: (1) simultaneous esterification of fatty acids and transesterification of fatty acid glycerides and (2) hydrolysis of glycerides followed by esterification. This account reports the catalytic performance of solid, Fe-Zn double-metal cyanide (DMC) complexes and other acid catalysts in these transformations for biodiesel production. The factors influencing the catalytic performance of the solid acid catalysts in biodiesel production are discussed.</p>10aBiodiesel10aDouble-metal cyanide10aEsterification10aHydrolysis10asolid acid catalysts10atransesterification1 aSrinivas, Darbha1 aSatyarthi, Jitendra, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biodiesel-production-vegetable-oils-and-animal-fat-over-solid-acid-double-metal-cyanide-001585nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260011000241300001400351490000700365520056300372653001400935653001800949653001400967653002400981653001801005653001401023653002501037653002401062653001901086653000901105100001401114700002801128700001701156856012201173       2011                        eng d  a0376-471000aLanthanum and zinc incorporated hydrotalcites as solid base catalysts for biodiesel and biolubricants production0 aLanthanum and zinc incorporated hydrotalcites as solid base cata  aDR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIAbNATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIRcAUG  a1017-10250 v503 a<p>Mg-Al hydrotalcites doped with varying amounts of lanthanum and zinc ions (10 30 mol %) have been prepared by co-precipitation method and used, after calcination at 873 K, as solid base catalysts for transesterification of soybean oil with methanol (producing biodiesel) and n-octanol (producing biolubricants). The catalyst with 20 mol % of lanthanum shows the highest transesterification activity (soybean oil conversion = 100 % and biodiesel yield = 95 %) at 423 K in 4 h. Catalytic activity varies in proportion with the basicity of the catalysts.</p>10aBiodiesel10aBiolubricants10acatalysis10aDoped hydrotalcites10aHydrotalcites10aLanthanum10aSolid base catalysts10atransesterification10aVegetable oils10azinc1 aRahul, R.1 aSatyarthi, Jitendra, K.1 aSrinivas, D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/lanthanum-and-zinc-incorporated-hydrotalcites-solid-base-catalysts-biodiesel-and-001865nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260007300221300001200294490000800306520098500314653004401299653001401343653001601357653001601373653002501389653001501414653001801429100002801447700001701475856013101492       2011                        eng d  a0926-860X00aSelective epoxidation of methyl soyate over alumina-supported group VI metal oxide catalysts0 aSelective epoxidation of methyl soyate over aluminasupported gro  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUL  a189-1980 v4013 a<p>Epoxidation of methyl soyate (biodiesel), soybean oil and oleic acid with tert.-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) was investigated over gamma-alumina-supported group VI metal oxides (CrOx/Al2O3, MoOx/Al2O3 and WOx/Al2O3) prepared by impregnation method. The studies revealed that 15 wt% MoOx on gamma-Al2O3 was the most active catalyst (conversion &gt;90 mol% under optimized conditions). While MoOx/Al2O3 is selective mainly for epoxidation, the other catalysts are active for epoxidation as well as for decomposition of TBHP. The active species on the catalyst surface were investigated using in situ UV-visible spectroscopy. A linear correlation was observed between epoxidation activity and surface acidity of the catalyst. A new H-1 NMR method was developed to monitor the progress of epoxidation reaction which was found to be superior to gas chromatographic method in estimating the conversion of double bonds of fatty compounds. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAlumina-supported group VI metal oxides10aBiodiesel10aepoxidation10aFatty acids10aH-1 NMR spectroscopy10aMoOx/Al2O310aVegetable oil1 aSatyarthi, Jitendra, K.1 aSrinivas, D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/selective-epoxidation-methyl-soyate-over-alumina-supported-group-vi-metal-oxide-catalysts-0