02326nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260010600240300001400346490000700360520125500367653002201622653002701644653002401671653002701695653002901722100002001751700002101771700002601792700002201818700002601840700002401866700002601890856013201916 2012 eng d a0960-894X00aHybrid molecules of carvacrol and benzoyl urea/thiourea with potential applications in agriculture and medicine0 aHybrid molecules of carvacrol and benzoyl ureathiourea with pote aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcSEP a5550-55540 v223 a

Benzoyl phenyl urea, a class of insect growth regulator's acts by inhibiting chitin synthesis. Carvacrol, a naturally occurring monoterpenoid is an effective antifungal agent. We have structurally modified carvacrol (2-methyl-5-[1-methylethyl] phenol) by introducing benzoylphenyl urea linkage. Two series of benzoylcarvacryl thiourea (BCTU, 4a-f) and benzoylcarvacryl urea (BCU, 5a-f) derivatives were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, H-1 and C-13 NMR and Mass spectroscopy. Derivatives 4b, 4d, 4e, 4f and 5d, 5f showed comparable insecticidal activity with the standard BPU lufenuron against Dysdercus koenigii. BCTU derivatives 4c, 4e and BCU 5c showed good antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi viz. Magnaporthe grisae, Fusarium oxysporum, Dreschlera oryzae; food spoilage yeasts viz. Debaromyces hansenii, Pichia membranifaciens; and human pathogens viz. Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Compounds 5d, 5e and 5f showed potent activity against human pathogens. Moderate and selective activity was observed for other compounds. All the synthesized compounds were non-haemolytic. These compounds have potential application in agriculture and medicine. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aAntifungal agents10aBenzoyl carvacryl urea10aBenzoyl phenyl urea10aCrop protection agents10aInsect growth regulators1 aPete, Umesh, D.1 aZade, Chetan, M.1 aBhosale, Jitendra, D.1 aTupe, Santosh, G.1 aChaudhary, Preeti, M.1 aDikundwar, Amol, G.1 aBendre, Ratnamala, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/hybrid-molecules-carvacrol-and-benzoyl-ureathiourea-potential-applications-agriculture-and-001665nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245005200055210005200107260011100159300001200270490000700282520083700289653002201126653002001148653003101168653001501199653003601214653001301250100002601263700002201289700002601311856008601337 2013 eng d a1389-557500aChitin synthase inhibitors as antifungal agents0 aChitin synthase inhibitors as antifungal agents aEXECUTIVE STE Y-2, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATESbBENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTDcFEB a222-2360 v133 a

Increased risk of fungal diseases in immunocompromised patients, emerging fungal pathogens, limited repertoire of antifungal drugs and resistance development against the drugs demands for development of new and effective antifungal agents. With greater knowledge of fungal metabolism efforts are being made to inhibit specific enzymes involved in different biochemical pathways for the development of antifungal drugs. Chitin synthase is one such promising target as it is absent in plants and mammals. Nikkomycin Z, a chitin synthase inhibitor is under clinical development. Chitin synthesis in fungi, chitin synthase as a target for antifungal agent development, different chitin synthase inhibitors isolated from natural sources, randomly synthesized and modified from nikkomycin and polyoxin are discussed in this review.

10aAntifungal agents10aChitin synthase10aChitin synthase inhibitors10aNikkomycin10aPeptidyl nucleoside antibiotics10aPolyoxin1 aChaudhary, Preeti, M.1 aTupe, Santosh, G.1 aDeshpande, Mukund, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/chitin-synthase-inhibitors-antifungal-agents-001640nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260009900238300001200337490000700349520084500356653001501201653001401216653001101230653001801241100002401259700002201283856012901305 2014 eng d a0956-713500aAntifungal activity and mechanism of action of carvacrol and thymol against vineyard and wine spoilage yeasts0 aAntifungal activity and mechanism of action of carvacrol and thy aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcDEC a115-1200 v463 a

Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol and thymol against natural yeast flora of the grapes and yeasts known to cause wine spoilage was examined. Carvacrol and thymol exhibited comparable or better antifungal activity than potassium metabisulphite, commercially used wine preservative, against the natural yeast flora and spoilage yeasts. The antifungal activity for both the compounds was better at pH 3.5 than pH 6.5. Addition of carvacrol and thymol (64 mu g/mL) in red wine resulted in inhibition of growth of the spoilage yeasts. Carvacrol and thymol exerted their antimicrobial action through membrane damage, leakage of cytoplasmic content and ergosterol depletion. In conclusion, carvacrol and thymol holds promise as a potential natural preservative for the control of wine spoilage. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aantifungal10aCarvacrol10aThymol10aWine spoilage1 aChavan, Pradnya, S.1 aTupe, Santosh, G. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/antifungal-activity-and-mechanism-action-carvacrol-and-thymol-against-vineyard-and-wine-001991nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260009200213300001200305490000700317520096500324653002501289653001501314653002101329653002101350653002801371653001401399100002501413700002201438700002401460700003001484700001901514700002601533700002101559856012101580 2014 eng d a1478-641900aAntifungal dimeric chalcone derivative kamalachalcone E from Mallotus philippinensis0 aAntifungal dimeric chalcone derivative kamalachalcone E from Mal a4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLANDbTAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDcFEB a245-2500 v283 a

From the red coloured extract (Kamala) prepared through acetone extraction of the fresh whole uncrushed fruits of Mallotus philippinensis, one new dimeric chalcone (1) along with three known compounds 1-(5,7-dihydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-8-yl)-3-phenyl-2-propen -1-one (2), rottlerin (3) and 4 `-hydroxyrottlerin (4) were isolated. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR analyses that included HSQC, HMBC, COSY and ROESY experiments along with the literature comparison. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for antifungal activity against different human pathogenic yeasts and filamentous fungi. The antiproliferative activity of the compounds was evaluated against Thp-1 cell lines. Compounds 1 and 2 both exhibited IC50 of 8, 4 and 16 mu g/mL against Cryptococcus neoformans PRL518, C. neoformans ATCC32045 and Aspergillus fumigatus, respectively. Compound 4, at 100 mu g/mL, showed 54% growth inhibition of Thp-1 cell lines.

10a4 `-hydroxyrottlerin10aantifungal10adimeric chalcone10akamalachalcone E10aMallotus philippinensis10arottlerin1 aKulkarni, Roshan, R.1 aTupe, Santosh, G.1 aGample, Suvarna, P.1 aChandgude, Macchindra, G.1 aSarkar, Dhiman1 aDeshpande, Mukund, V.1 aJoshi, Swati, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/antifungal-dimeric-chalcone-derivative-kamalachalcone-e-mallotus-philippinensis-001731nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149260007100218300001400289490000600303520071400309653002101023653002101044653002801065653001601093653001901109100002701128700001801155700002101173700002501194700002501219700002201244700002601266700002101292856012801313 2015 eng d a1948-587500aSilicon incorporated morpholine antifungals: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation0 aSilicon incorporated morpholine antifungals design synthesis and a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcNOV a1111-11160 v63 a

Known morpholine class antifungals (fenpropimorph, fenpropidin, and amorolfine) were synthetically modified through silicon incorporation to have 15 sila-analogues. Twelve sila-analogues exhibited potent antifungal activity against different human fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus niger. Si la-analogue 24 (fenpropimorph analogue) was the best in our hands, which showed superior fungicidal potential than fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, and amorolfine. The mode of action of sila-analogues was similar to morpholines, i.e., inhibition of sterol reductase and sterol isomerase enzymes of ergosterol synthesis pathway.

10aAntifungal drugs10aCandida albicans10aergosterol biosynthesis10amorpholines10asila-analogues1 aJachak, Gorakhnath, R.1 aRamesh, Remya1 aSant, Duhita, G.1 aJorwekar, Shweta, U.1 aJadhav, Manjusha, R.1 aTupe, Santosh, G.1 aDeshpande, Mukund, V.1 aReddy, Srinivasa uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/silicon-incorporated-morpholine-antifungals-design-synthesis-and-biological-evaluation-002896nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260010300242300001200345490000700357520176400364653000602128653000602134653002702140653003302167653001502200653001602215653003002231100002602261700002202287700002502309700002102334700002602355700002702381700002402408700002602432856012402458 2015 eng d a0376-469900aSynthesis and antifungal potential of 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole thiol substituted strobilurin derivatives0 aSynthesis and antifungal potential of 123triazole and 124triazol aANUSANDHAN BHAWAN, 2 RAFI MARG, NEW DELHI, 110001, INDIAbCOUNCIL SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL REScJUL a908-9170 v543 a

beta-Methoxyacrylate group is an important pharmacophore of commercially used strobilurin fungicides. In the present study, a total of seventeen 1,2,4-triazole thiols 8a-h and 1,2,3-triazole substituted 10a-i strobilurin derivatives have been synthesized. 1,2,4-Triazole thiol substituted strobilurin derivatives 8a-h have been found to inhibit the growth of plant pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum, Magnaporthe grisea, Drechslera oryzae and human pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus and different strains of Cryptococcus neoformans, with MIC in the range of 16-256 mu g/mL. In case of Candida albicans tested strain, the MIC is > 256 mu g/mL. p-Chlorophenyl substituted 1,2,4-triazole thiol strobiulrin derivative 8e is the most potent inhibitor with MIC of 16-64 mu g/mL against most of the tested pathogens. Antifungal action of the compounds is due to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. In the resazurin reduction assay, EC50 for inhibition of RZ reduction in D. oryzae by azoxystrobin and 8e are 3.42 +/- 0.03 mu g/mL and 3.63 +/- 0.21 mu g/mL, respectively; while in case of C. neoformans, EC50,, of azoxystrobin and 8e are between 0.65-0.85 mu g/mL. In a non-pathogenic model Benjaminiella poitrasii, though the MIC for all the synthesized compounds 8a-h and 10a-i are > 256 mu g/ml, yeast to hypha transition is inhibited in the range of 21-75% at 4 mu g/mL concentration while EC50 for inhibition of RZ reduction by azoxystrobin and 8e are 31.5 +/- 0.4 mu g/mL and 17.95 +/- 0.7 mu g/mL, respectively. The 50% germ tube formation inhibition in case of C. albicans is observed at 108.49 mu g/mL. 1,2,4-Triazole thiol substituted strobilurin derivatives hold promise for the control of pathogenic fungi in agriculture and health care.

10a110a210a3-triazole strobilurin10a4-triazole thiol strobilurin10aantifungal10aStrobilurin10aY-H transition inhibition1 aChaudhary, Preeti, M.1 aTupe, Santosh, G.1 aJorwekar, Shweta, U.1 aSant, Duhita, G.1 aDeshpande, Sunita, R.1 aMaybhate, Shailaja, P.1 aLikhite, Anjali, P.1 aDeshpande, Mukund, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-and-antifungal-potential-123-triazole-and-124-triazole-thiol-substituted-001790nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260011000238300001600348490000600364520091400370100001901284700002501303700002101328700002501349700002201374700002601396700002401422856012601446 2016 eng d a2046-206900aRe-engineering of PIP3-antagonist triazole PITENIN's chemical scaffold: development of novel antifungal leads0 aReengineering of PIP3antagonist triazole PITENINs chemical scaff aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJAN a11691-117010 v63 a

A novel 4-(1-phenyl-1-hydroxyethyl)-1-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole was designed by integrating the structural features of triazole PITENIN anticancer agents and the azole class of antifungal drugs. A two-step protocol comprising the Barbier propargylation and Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was established to synthesise a diverse set of compounds of this class. Their screening against a wide range of human fungal pathogens led to identification of several potential antifungal hits and some of them displayed better antifungal activity than fluconazole against Candida glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. Mode of action studies revealed that their antifungal activity was resulting either from the inhibition of lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase enzyme (leading to ergosterol depletion) or by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

1 aPulya, Sravani1 aKommagalla, Yadagiri1 aSant, Duhita, G.1 aJorwekar, Shweta, U.1 aTupe, Santosh, G.1 aDeshpande, Mukund, V.1 aRamana, Chepuri, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/re-engineering-pip3-antagonist-triazole-pitenins-chemical-scaffold-development-novel-002359nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245019600055210006900251260006500320300000800385490000700393520123800400653000601638653000601644653001801650653002401668653002101692653002201713653002101735653001501756100002401771700002201795700003001817700002601847700003101873700003001904856012301934 2016 eng d a1420-304900aUltrasound- and molecular sieves-assisted synthesis, molecular docking and antifungal evaluation of 5-(4-(benzyloxy)-substituted phenyl)-3-((phenylamino)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thiones0 aUltrasound and molecular sievesassisted synthesis molecular dock aST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLANDbMDPI AGcMAY a4840 v213 a

A novel series of 5-(4-(benzyloxy) substituted phenyl)-3-((phenyl amino) methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione Mannich bases 6a-o were synthesized in good yield from the key compound 5-(4-(benzyloxy) phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione by aminomethylation with paraformaldehyde and substituted amines using molecular sieves and sonication as green chemistry tools. The antifungal activity of the new products was evaluated against seven human pathogenic fungal strains, namely, Candida albicans ATCC 24433, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida glabrata NCYC 388, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 34664, Cryptococcus neoformans PRL 518, Aspergillus fumigatus NCIM 902 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 10578. The synthesized compounds 6d, 6f, 6g, 6h and 6j exhibited promising antifungal activity against the tested fungal pathogens. In molecular docking studies, derivatives 6c, 6f and 6i showed good binding at the active site of C. albicans cytochrome P450 enzyme lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase. The in vitro antifungal activity results and docking studies indicated that the synthesized compounds have potential antifungal activity and can be further optimized as privileged scaffolds to design and develop potent antifungal drugs.

10a110a310a4-oxadiazoles10aAntifungal activity10aMannich reaction10aMolecular docking10aMolecular sieves10aUltrasound1 aNimbalkar, Urja, D.1 aTupe, Santosh, G.1 aVazquez, Julio, A. Seijas1 aKhan, Firoz, A. Kalam1 aSangshetti, Jaiprakash, N.1 aNikalje, Anna, Pratima G. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ultrasound-and-molecular-sieves-assisted-synthesis-molecular-docking-and-antifungal02060nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260000800210300002700218520148200245100002201727700002101749700002601770856011801796 2017 eng d00aDevelopment of metarhizium anisopliae as a mycoinsecticide: from isolation to field performance0 aDevelopment of metarhizium anisopliae as a mycoinsecticide from  cJUL aArticle Number: e552723 aA major concern when developing commercial mycoinsecticides is the kill speed compared to that of chemical insecticides. Therefore, isolation and screening for the selection of a fast-acting, highly virulent entomopathogenic fungus are important steps. Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium, Beauveria, and Nomurea, which act by contact, are better suited than Bacillus thuringiensis or nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV), which must be ingested by the insect pest. In the present work, we isolated 68 Metarhizium strains from infected insects using a soil dilution and bait method. The isolates were identified by the amplification and sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 26S rDNA region. The most virulent strain of Metarhizium anisopliae was selected based on the median lethal concentration (LC50) and time (LT50) obtained in insect bioassays against III-instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. The mass production of spores by the selected strain was carried out with solid-state fermentation (SSF) using rice as a substrate for 14 days. Spores were extracted from the sporulated biomass using 0.1% tween-80, and different formulations of the spores were prepared. Field trials of the formulations for the control of an H. armigera infestation in pigeon peas were carried out by randomized block design. The infestation control levels obtained with oil and aqueous formulations (78.0% and 70.9%, respectively) were better than the 63.4% obtained with chemical pesticide.1 aTupe, Santosh, G.1 aPathan, Ejaj, K.1 aDeshpande, Mukund, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/development-metarhizium-anisopliae-mycoinsecticide-isolation-field-performance02332nas a2200241 4500008004100000245010600041210007000147260000800217300001200225490000700237520147700244100002401721700002401745700002901769700002101798700002201819700002601841700002301867700002301890700001901913700002201932856013601954 2017 eng d00aSynthesis and biological evaluation of new fluconazole β-lactam conjugates linked via 1,2,3-triazole0 aSynthesis and biological evaluation of new fluconazole βlactam c cFEB a470-4790 v413 a

Novel 1,2,3-triazole-linked β-lactam–fluconazole conjugates 12(a–l) were designed and synthesized. The compounds showed potent antifungal activity against two pathogenic Candida strains; Candida albicans ATCC 24433 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 with MIC values in the range of 0.0625–2 μg mL−1. Compounds 12h, 12j and 12k showed promising antifungal activity against all the tested fungal pathogens except C. neoformans ATCC 34554 compared to fluconazole. Compound 12j in which the β-lactam ring was formed using para-anisidine and benzaldehyde was found to be more potent than fluconazole against all the fungal strains with an IC50 value of <0.015 μg mL−1 for Candida albicans (ATCC 24433). Mechanistic studies for active compounds revealed that the antifungal action was due to ergosterol inhibition. Compounds 12h and 12j at a concentration of 0.125 μg mL−1 caused 91.5 and 96.8% ergosterol depletion, respectively, compared to fluconazole which at the same concentration caused 49% ergosterol depletion. The molecular docking study revealed that all the fluconazole β-lactam conjugates 12(a–l) could snugly fit into the active site of lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) with varying degrees of affinities. As anticipated, the binding energy for compound 12j (−58.961 kcal mol−1) was much smaller than that for fluconazole (−52.92 kcal mol−1). The synthesized compounds have therapeutic potential for the control of candidemia.

1 aDivse, Jaisingh, M.1 aMhaske, Santosh, B.1 aCharolkar, Chaitanya, R.1 aSant, Duhita, G.1 aTupe, Santosh, G.1 aDeshpande, Mukund, V.1 aKhedkar, Vijay, M.1 aNawale, Laxman, U.1 aSarkar, Dhiman1 aPore, Vandana, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-and-biological-evaluation-new-fluconazole-%CE%B2-lactam-conjugates-linked-123-triazole01587nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012700041210006900168260000800237300001200245490000700257520081800264100003001082700002401112700002201136700002601158700002301184700002101207700002601228856012701254 2018 eng d00aFacile and solvent-free domino synthesis of new quinolidinyl-2,4-thiazolidinones: antifungal activityand molecular docking0 aFacile and solventfree domino synthesis of new quinolidinyl24thi cJAN a622-6300 v183 aObjective: We have synthesized new quinolidinyl-thiazolidinones via Knoevenagel condensation-alkylation reaction, catalyzed by [Et3NH][HSO4]. The present approach offers several advantages such as higher yields, eco-friendly reaction condition and economic availability of the catalyst. Method: The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against six fungal strains. Some of the synthesized conjugates displayed good to moderate antifungal activity. Conclusion: Again, the molecular docking study performed against the fungal sterol 14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) showed an excellent binding affinity towards the enzyme which could rationalize the promising antifungal activity portrayed by these derivatives and provides a platform for structure based drug design.1 aSubhedar, Dnyaneshwar, D.1 aShaikh, Mubarak, H.1 aTupe, Santosh, G.1 aDeshpande, Mukund, V.1 aKhedkar, Vijay, M.1 aJha, Prakash, C.1 aShingate, Bapurao, B. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/facile-and-solvent-free-domino-synthesis-new-quinolidinyl-24-thiazolidinones-antifungal