02182nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245015100055210006900206260011000275300001400385490000700399520145000406100002301856700002101879856012401900       2014                        eng d  a1477-052000aOne molecule of ionic liquid and tert-alcohol on a polystyrene-support as catalysts for efficient nucleophilic substitution including fluorination0 aOne molecule of ionic liquid and tertalcohol on a polystyrenesup  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcOCT  a9264-92710 v123 a<p>The tert-alcohol and ionic liquid solvents in one molecule [mim-(OH)-O-t][OMs] was immobilized on polystyrene and reported to be a highly efficient catalyst in aliphatic nucleophilic substitution using alkali metal salts. Herein, we investigated the catalytic activity of a new structurally modified polymer-supported tert-alcohol functionalized imidazolium salt catalyst in nucleophilic substitution of 2-(3-methanesulfonyl-oxypropyoxy) naphthalene as a model substrate with various metal nucleophiles. The tert-alcohol moiety of the ionic liquid with a hexyl chain distance from polystyrene had a better catalytic activity compared to the other resin which lacked an alkyl linker and tert-alcohol moiety. We found that the maximum [mim-(OH)-O-t][OMs] loading had the best catalytic efficacy among the tested polystyrene-based ionic liquids (PSILs) in nucleophilic fluorination. The catalytic efficiency of the PS[him-(OH)-O-t][OMs] as a phase transfer catalyst (PTC) was determined by carrying out various nucleophilic substitutions using the corresponding alkali metal salts from the third to sixth periodic in CH3CN or tert-BuOH media. The scope of this protocol with primary and secondary polar substrates containing many heteroatoms is also reported. This PS [him-(OH)-O-t][OMs] catalyst not only enhances the reactivity of alkali metal salts and reduces the formation of by-products but also affords high yield with easy isolation.</p>1 aShinde, Sandip, S.1 aPatil, Sunil, N.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/one-molecule-ionic-liquid-and-tert-alcohol-polystyrene-support-catalysts-efficient-002483nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260011000220300001600330490000600346520165300352100002402005700002602029700002202055700002302077700002402100700002302124856013002147       2015                        eng d  a2046-206900aOxidative and membrane stress-mediated antibacterial activity of WS2 and rGO-WS2 nanosheets0 aOxidative and membrane stressmediated antibacterial activity of   aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcAUG  a74726-747330 v53 a<p>Graphene-based materials have strong cytotoxic attributes against bacteria due to their unique physicochemical properties. We examined the antibacterial activities of nanosheets of the graphene analogue tungsten disulphide (WS2) and a composite of reduced graphene oxide-tungsten disulphide (rGO-WS2), comparing them with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by a time and concentration dependent viability assay and growth curve studies against four bacterial strains: Gram negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium), and Gram positive Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). The nanosheets of the rGO-WS2 composite caused a more significant retardation in bacterial growth and inhibitory effect on the tested bacterial strains than WS2, followed by rGO. The tested E. coli and B. subtilis strains were more susceptible than the other strains. A mechanistic study revealed that rGO and WS2 did not produce the superoxide anion (O-2(-)) or reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the nanocomposite of rGO-WS2 did produce both. However, all these materials did oxidize glutathione, which serves as a redox state mediator in bacteria. We conclude that the antimicrobial mechanism is due to the combined effect of initial cell deposition on the rGO-WS2 materials, the membrane stress due to direct contact with the nanosheets, and the produced superoxide anion-independent oxidation mechanisms. The beneficial aspects of the physicochemical properties of rGO-WS2, such as its size and conductivity, can be precisely customized to reduce its health and environmental risk factors.</p>1 aNavale, Govinda, R.1 aRout, Chandra, Sekhar1 aGohil, Kushal, N.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aLate, Dattatray, J.1 aShinde, Sandip, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/oxidative-and-membrane-stress-mediated-antibacterial-activity-ws2-and-rgo-ws2-nanosheets-0