01777nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245016300055210006900218260007100287300001600358490000700374520105800381100002901439700002201468856012901490 2014 eng d a0888-588500aProcess optimization by response surface methodology and kinetic modeling for synthesis of methyl oleate biodiesel over H3PW12O40 anchored montmorillonite K100 aProcess optimization by response surface methodology and kinetic a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcDEC a18690-186980 v533 a

Heterogeneous acid catalysts comprised of 1030% (w/w) H3PW12O40 anchored to montmorillonite (K10) were used for synthesis of methyl oleate biodiesel by esterification of free fatty acid (oleic acid) with methanol in closed batch system. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize esterification of oleic acid with methanol over 20% (w/w) H3PW12O40/K-10. The effects of various process parameters such as catalyst loading, molar ratio, and reaction temperature on oleic acid conversion were addressed by BoxBehnken experimental design (BBD). Coefficient of determination (R-2) of this model was 0.996. 20% (w/w) H3PW12O40/K-10 was proved to be potential catalyst with 100% oleic acid conversion at optimized process parameters and with reusability of four cycles. Moreover, a second-order pseudohomogeneous (PH) kinetic model has been proposed and validated (R-2 > 0.97) with experimental data. Kinetics confirmed that esterification reaction is performed in the kinetic regime due to high activation energy of 43.7 kJ mol(-1).

1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aBokade, Vijay, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/process-optimization-response-surface-methodology-and-kinetic-modeling-synthesis-methyl-001826nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260007300240300001200313490000700325520093200332653001701264653001901281653001201300653001901312653002101331653003301352100002901385700002201414700002201436856012601458 2014 eng d a2095-495600aProduction of octyl levulinate biolubricant over modified H-ZSM-5: Optimization by response surface methodology0 aProduction of octyl levulinate biolubricant over modified HZSM5  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUL a535-5410 v233 a

The present study highlighted the use of modified H-ZSM-5 (Meso-HZ-5) as heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of octyl levulinate biolubricant by catalytic esterification of biomass derived renewable levulinic acid (LA) with n-octanol. The process variables such as catalyst loading (X-1), n-octanol to LA molar ratio (X-2) and reaction temperature (X-3) were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM), using Box-Behnken model. Analysis of variance was performed to determine the adequacy and significance of the quadratic model. The yield of octyl levulinate was obtained to be 99% at optimum process parameters. The developed quadratic model was found to be adequate and statistically accurate with correlation value (R-2) of 0.9971 to predict the yield of octyl levulinate biolubricant. The study was also extended on the validation of theoretical and experimental data, including catalyst reusability.

10abiolubricant10aEsterification10aH-ZSM-510alevulinic acid10aoctyl levulinate10aResponse surface methodology1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aYadava, Sunil, K.1 aBokade, Vijay, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/production-octyl-levulinate-biolubricant-over-modified-h-zsm-5-optimization-response-002353nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245016000055210006900215260006700284300001200351490000700363520144500370653001601815653003301831653001901864653001801883653002401901100002401925700002901949700002201978856012302000 2014 eng d a0894-323000aPseudo-homogeneous kinetic model for esterification of acetic acid with propanol isomers over dodecatungstophosphoric acid supported on montmorillonite k100 aPseudohomogeneous kinetic model for esterification of acetic aci a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcFEB a121-1270 v273 a

Esterification of acetic acid with propanol isomers such as isopropanol and naEuropropanol was carried out over dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTPA), dodecamolybdophosphoric acid ammonium salt hydrate, and sodium tungstate hydrated purified supported on montmorillonite K10, which were characterized by powder XaEuroray diffraction, BrunaueraEuro'EmmettaEuro'Teller, and temperature programmed ammonia desorption. A pseudoaEurohomogeneous (PaEuroH) kinetic model was established for esterification of acetic acid with propanol isomers over DTPA supported on montmorillonite K10. Effects of various parameters such as reaction time, speed of agitation, particle size, temperature, percent catalyst loading, molar ratio and mixture of propanol isomer were investigated in detail. The 20% (w/w) DTPA/K10 was found to be an optimum solid catalyst with 82% naEuropropanol and 53% isopropanol conversion with 100% selectivity toward propyl acetate. The 20% (w/w) DTPA/K10 catalyst was found to be reusable for three cycles. The reaction follows secondaEuroorder kinetics with activation energies of 25.53aEuro?kJaEuro?mol(a?'1) and 28.15aEuro?kJaEuro?mol(a?'1) for isopropanol and naEuropropanol, respectively. PseudoaEurohomogeneous kinetic model fitted with R-2 value of trend line 0.999. This implies that esterification reaction is kinetically controlled owing to high activation energy. Copyright a (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

10aAcetic acid10adodecatungstophosphoric acid10aEsterification10akinetic model10amontmorillonite K101 aGurav, Hanumant, R.1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aBokade, Vijay, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/pseudo-homogeneous-kinetic-model-esterification-acetic-acid-propanol-isomers-over-002155nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260007300248300001200321490000700333520131700340653001401657653001901671653002101690653002401711100002901735700002201764700002201786856012901808 2015 eng d a2095-495600aPhosphonated USY, a promising catalyst for the development of environmentally benign biodiesel (methyl acetate) process0 aPhosphonated USY a promising catalyst for the development of env aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAY a285-2900 v243 a

The present study focuses on the evaluation of the potential applicability of Ultra Stable Y (USY) and phosphonated USY (1 wt%-4 wt% phosphorous loading) as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel (methyl acetate) production. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunaer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, total acidity by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (TPD-NH3) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. The performances of catalysts were evaluated for the transesterification of butyl acetate with methanol (a model reaction in biodiesel production). In view to obtain a maximum yield of methyl acetate, the optimization of process parameters such as reactant molar ratio, catalyst loading, reaction temperature and reaction time was performed. All the phosphonated USY catalysts showed higher catalytic activity than the parent USY, which can be attributed to the increase of total acidity due to phosphonation. 2 wt% P/USY (2% phosphorous loaded on USY) exhibited 92% methyl acetate yield with 100% selectivity, which was proved to be a potential catalyst for biodiesel production. The invented catalyst was found to be stable and reusable for five catalytic cycles, demonstrating that it might be a environmentally benign catalytic process.

10aBiodiesel10amethyl acetate10aphosphonated USY10atransesterification1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aGopal, Gahana, C.1 aBokade, Vijay, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/phosphonated-usy-promising-catalyst-development-environmentally-benign-biodiesel-methyl-001875nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245016700055210006900222260011000291300001600401490000600417520108000423100002901503700002401532700002201556856012701578 2015 eng d a2046-206900aProcess optimization by response surface methodology for transesterification of renewable ethyl acetate to butyl acetate biofuel additive over borated USY zeolite0 aProcess optimization by response surface methodology for transes aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJAN a17109-171160 v53 a

Butyl acetate, a renewable biofuel additive was synthesized by transesterification of butanol with ethyl acetate via a renewable and sustainable route. Use of fermentation derived bio-butanol and bio-ethyl acetate for synthesis of butyl acetate would be a more advantageous route over conventional Fischer Esterification. For the first time, a heterogeneous zeolite catalyst such as Ultra Stable Y (USY) and its modified versions obtained by borating on parent USY were used for the synthesis of butyl acetate. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the process parameters for transesterification of butanol with ethyl acetate over a 4% (w/w) B-USY catalyst. The influence of three crucial process variables such as catalyst loading, molar ratio, and reaction temperature on yield of butyl acetate were addressed by Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD). 4% (w/w) B-USY was proved to be a potential catalyst with 96% yield of butyl acetate at optimum process parameters. The 4% (w/w) B-USY catalyst was found to be reusable for 6 catalytic cycles.

1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aGalande, Nitish, D.1 aBokade, Vijay, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/process-optimization-response-surface-methodology-transesterification-renewable-ethyl-0