01758nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245007200055210006900127260007300196300001200269490000700281520100100288653001301289653001901302653002301321653001701344653001901361100001801380700001201398700002201410856009601432       2009                        eng d  a1003-995300aDisproportionation of ethylbenzene in the presence of C-8 aromatics0 aDisproportionation of ethylbenzene in the presence of C8 aromati  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcSEP  a369-3740 v183 a<p>The selective synthesis of p-diethylbenzene (p-DEB) by disproportionation of ethylbenzene (EB) in the presence of aromatics like m- and p-xylene isomers has been studied over a pore size regulated HZSM-5 catalyst. The industrial feed having different compositions of ethylbenzene and xylene isomers was used for the experimentation. Hence, they were expected to hinder the movement of reactant molecules both on the external surface and within the zeolite channels. It was observed that irrespective of the different feed compositions the concentration of the xylene isomers was intact in the product. There is no other byproducts formation like para-ethylmethyl benzene. The effects of varying the concentration of aromatic compounds in the feed on ethylbenzene conversion and product distribution over the parent and modified H-ZSM-5 catalyst have been discussed. Ethylbenzene disproportionation reaction follows the pseudo first order reaction with an activation energy of 8.6 kcal/mol.</p>10aCatalyst10adiethylbenzene10adisproportionation10aethylbenzene10axylene isomers1 aSharnappa, N.1 aPai, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/disproportionation-ethylbenzene-presence-c-8-aromatics-002157nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245013900055210006900194260007100263300001400334490000700348520147800355100002201833700002401855856012001879       2012                        eng d  a0888-588500aDodecatungstophosphoric acid supported on acidic clay catalyst for disproportionation of ethylbenzene in the presence of C-8 aromatics0 aDodecatungstophosphoric acid supported on acidic clay catalyst f  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcJAN  a1209-12170 v513 a<p>Vapor-phase disproportionation of ethylbenzene (EB) to diethylbenzene (DEB) in a single step is industrially relevant. Diethylbenzene is an important raw material for the conversion of divinylbenzene monomer. Conventionally, it is prepared from diacetophenone by reduction. It is also prepared by vapor-phase alkylation of ethylbenzene with ethylene/ethanol using zeolitic catalysts. In the current work, the efficacy of dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTPA) supported on acid-treated clay has been evaluated in the disproportionation of ethylbenzene. A 20% (w/w) DTPA/K-10 clay catalyst was found to be efficient and robust. An industrial feed having different compositions of ethylbenzene and xylene isomers was used for the experimentation. Hence, they were expected to hinder the movement of reactant molecules on the catalyst surface. It was observed that irrespective of feed composition the concentration of the xylene isomers was intact in the product. There was no other byproduct formation like p-ethylrnethylbenzene. Optimization of process parameters is presented. The effect of varying the concentration of aromatic compounds in the feed on ethylbenzene conversion and product distribution over the plain clay (K-10) and heteropolyacid-loaded clay catalyst have been discussed. The effect of catalyst bed length to inner diameter of reactor (L/D) ratio on the ethylbenzene conversion and selective formation of p-diethylbenzene (p-DEB) are also discussed.</p>1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aYadav, Ganapati, D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/dodecatungstophosphoric-acid-supported-acidic-clay-catalyst-disproportionation-001710nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001500041245009500056210006900151260000800220300001600228490000700244520110200251100002201353700002201375700002101397856012201418       2018                        eng d  a 1144-054600aDirect synthesis of diethyl carbonate from ethanol and carbon dioxide over ceria catalysts0 aDirect synthesis of diethyl carbonate from ethanol and carbon di  cNOV  a17546-175520 v423 a<p>Direct synthesis of diethyl carbonate (DEC) by carboxylation of ethanol with CO2 was investigated over ceria catalysts. 2-Cyanopyridine (2-CP) was used for trapping water formed in the reaction and to shift the equilibrium towards the product side. An optimal dependence (volcanic plot) of the catalytic activity on the acidity/basicity molar ratio was observed. Neat ceria (procured from Daiichi Kigenso Kagaku Kogyo Co. Ltd, Japan) showed higher catalytic activity than metal incorporated ceria catalysts. CeO2 had the right kind of acidity/basicity ratio to activate ethanol and CO2 simultaneously, yielding DEC. The catalyst was reusable. The yield of DEC obtained in this study using the commercial catalyst was higher than that reported by others using ceria catalysts prepared by other methods. Under optimum conditions (ethanol:2-CP molar ratio = 2:1, catalyst = 2.17 wt% with respect to ethanol, CO2 pressure = 40 bar, reaction temperature = 150 degrees C and reaction time = 3 h) in a batch reaction, a DEC yield as high as 45 mol% (i.e., 38.7 mmol mmol(-1) of CeO2) was obtained.</p>1 aGiram, Ganesh, G.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aDarbha, Srinivas  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/direct-synthesis-diethyl-carbonate-ethanol-and-carbon-dioxide-over-ceria-catalysts02994nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245013500055210006900190260000800259300001400267490000700281520202800288653003002316653002102346653001602367653002802383653002002411653002702431653002402458100002302482700002302505700001902528700002202547700002902569856011802598       2023                        eng d  a1877-264100aDirect conversion of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine to N-containing heterocyclic compounds 3-acetamidofuran and 3-acetamido-5-acetyl Furan0 aDirect conversion of Nacetyldglucosamine to Ncontaining heterocy  cDEC  a4201-42140 v143 a<p>
	Purpose Effectual waste utilization from plant as well as marine biomass has gained tremendous importance with reference to sustainability. The valorization of marine biomass produces value added compounds containing not only C, H, O but also renewable N atom in the skeleton which widens the scope for its exploration which may prove to be economically beneficial to the society. Heterogeneous catalytic transformation of marine biomass i.e. N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) to N-substituted aromatic heterocyclic furan derivatives is reported for the very first time. Cost effective and stable metal oxide catalysts were deployed for the transformation. Catalyst screening study showed that La2O3 was found to be an excellent catalyst for N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) dehydration which mainly produced 3-acetamidofuran (3AF). Methods The physicochemical properties of the metal oxide catalyst were investigated by various techniques such as XRD, FTIR, MeOH-FTIR, TPD, SEM, N-2 sorption studies and HR-TEM analysis for structure activity relationship. Results The effect of various reaction parameters such as catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and solvent effect on dehydration of N-acetyl glucosamine has been studied in detail for higher yields. The results revealed that the presence of weak basic sites which are Bronsted in nature and nano pores present on the surface were responsible for improved dehydration of the chitin biomass to selectively yield 3-acetamidofuran (3AF). La2O3 catalyst showed optimum 50% 3AF yield from N-acetyl glucosamine at 180 degrees C in 3 h. Conclusion Efficacious exploitation of marine biomass to value added chemicals using heterogeneous catalysts can be extensively exploited. Separation of N-substituted heterocyclic aromatics is the most innovative aspect of the current study. Thus, utilization of heterogeneous catalyst and renewable biomass as a raw material indicates a transition towards more sustainable and greener approach.{GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT</p>
10a3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran10a3-acetamidofuran10adehydration10aheterogeneous catalysis10aLanthanum oxide10aN-acetyl-D-glucosamine10arenewable feedstock1 aShaikh, Samrin, S.1 aPatil, Chetana, R.1 aLucas, Nishita1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aRode, Chandrashekhar, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/direct-conversion-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine-n-containing-heterocyclic-compounds-302006nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260000800222300001400230490000700244520120700251100001701458700001801475700002301493700002101516700002301537700002401560700002201584700001601606700001801622856012401640       2026                        eng d  a2044-475300aDirect conversion of methane to formic acid over Au-Fe-NaZSM-5 at ambient pressure using H2O20 aDirect conversion of methane to formic acid over AuFeNaZSM5 at a  cMAR  a1797-18050 v163 a<p>
	Direct conversion of methane to value-added products is a long-standing challenge. This report presents the one-step conversion of methane to oxygenates using H2O2 as an oxidant over an Au and Fe supported on NaZSM-5 (0.1Au0.1FeNZ) catalyst, which produces 4264 mu mol of oxygenates with 89% selectivity toward formic acid at 10 bar and 60 degrees C within 30 min in a batch process. The catalyst also produces 26.5 mu mol of oxygenates with 70% selectivity for formic acid at atmospheric pressure and 80 degrees C in a continuous flow process over 9 h of reaction time, making it the first report of such a process. The synergistic interaction of Au and Fe, with the crucial role of Na ions in the zeolite framework in driving the reaction, is revealed through various characterization tools like TEM, XPS, and XAS. Theoretical studies elucidate the active sites responsible for lowering the activation barrier for the crucial C-H activation step. Thus, the catalyst enables the conversion of methane into formic acid with high activity and selectivity, offering new possibilities for harnessing this potent greenhouse gas under process-friendly conditions that were previously unexplored.</p>
1 aKumar, Pawan1 aAhangar, Iqra1 aKesarwani, Srishti1 aUrkude, Rajashri1 aPatil, Nita, A. R.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aHaider, Ali1 aVinod, C., P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/direct-conversion-methane-formic-acid-over-au-fe-nazsm-5-ambient-pressure-using-h2o2