01415nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260008100249300001400330490000700344520070200351100002001053700002201073700001801095856013201113       2005                        eng d  a0002-782000aConversion of fly ash - an environmentally detrimental waste to zeolite beta (BEA) for commercial catalytic applications0 aConversion of fly ash an environmentally detrimental waste to ze  a9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLANDbBLACKWELL PUBLISHINGcNOV  a3260-32630 v883 a<p>Zeolite beta (BEA) was synthesized hydrothermally using fly ash as a combined source of alumina and silica. The overall crystallization period required to obtain pure crystalline BEA zeolite was found to be slightly longer when fly ash was used. The physicochemical properties of BEA phases obtained using fly ash (FLBEA) and conventional source materials (CONBEA) were compared. The H/FLBEA catalyst has exhibited excellent catalytic performance in commercially important benzene isopropylation process. These results have demonstrated that converting fly ash into BEA zeolite not only alleviates the disposal problem but also turns an otherwise waste material into a marketable commodity.</p>1 aKasture, M., W.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aJoshi, P., N.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/conversion-fly-ash-environmentally-detrimental-waste-zeolite-beta-bea-commercial-catalytic-001645nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260009500214300001000309490000700319520071800326653001701044653001301061653001701074653001801091653003001109653001601139100002501155700002001180700002101200700001801221700002201239856011801261       2005                        eng d  a0263-876200aVapour phase oxidation of acetophenone to benzoic acid over binary oxides of V and Mo0 aVapour phase oxidation of acetophenone to benzoic acid over bina  a165-189 RAILWAY TERRACE, DAVIS BLDG, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLANDbINST CHEMICAL ENGINEERScJAN  a75-800 v833 a<p>Test data for catalytic oxidation of acetophenone into benzoic acid performed at bench scale with V2O5-MoO3 catalyst in a continuous downflow metal reactor are presented. The process parameters such as temperature and flow rate influence the product distribution. The P2O5, B2O3 and Na2O when used as dopant on V2O5-MoO3 catalyst showed marked influence on activity and selectivity. An acidic catalyst like V2O5-MoO3-P2O5 favours formation of benzoic acid while a basic catalyst like V2O5-MoO3-Na2O favours formation of benzaldehyde. The addition of Na2O into V2O5-MoO3 binary oxides formed new phases (NaVMoO6 and Na2V2Mo3O15), which increased Arrhenius activation energy from 18.24 to 31.35 kcal mol(-1).</p>10aacetophenone10aactivity10abenzoic acid10acarbon oxides10aoxidation of acetophenone10aselectivity1 aChumbhale, Vilas, R.1 aParadhy, S., A.1 aAnilkumar, Mettu1 aKadam, S., T.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/vapour-phase-oxidation-acetophenone-benzoic-acid-over-binary-oxides-v-and-mo-002183nas a2200241   4500008004100000020002200041022001400063245011400077210006900191260005500260300001200315490000800327520135800335100002001693700002201713700001801735700001401753700001001767700001201777700001201789700001101801856012901812       2007                        eng d  a978-0-444-53068-4  a0167-299100aSynthesis and characterization of value added catalysts zeolite beta using environmentally detrimental flyash0 aSynthesis and characterization of value added catalysts zeolite   aBeijing, Peoples R ChinabElsevier Science BVcAUG  a438-4430 v1703 a<p>Fly ash is a major byproduct of Thermal power plant, which makes a lot of pollution to the environment due to its fineness. When a large amount of fly ash is dumped in the places near to power plants, it mixes in all segment of environment like water, air as well as soil. Though it can be utilized for different useful purposes, due to the lack of technical knowledge about how and proper motivation, no progress has been made in its utilization. It has been demonstrated that the fly ash can be used for making a value added catalyst zeolite beta by using simple and low cost process. In the present paper it is demonstrated that the fly ash can be used as a source of silica and alumina in the synthesis of value added catalyst zeolite beta. Moreover, the influence of different silica sources such as tetraethylortho silicate, silica sol and fumed silica on the physiochemical characteristics of well crystallized zeolite beta was also studied. The detailed characterization was carried out by using powder XRD, (27)Al and (29)Si MAS NMR, chemical analysis and low temperature nitrogen adsorption. Based on the data obtained from various systems containing different silica source, fumed silica is found to be most efficient source materials and showed superiority in the uniformity of aluminum distribution and possesses higher surface area.</p>1 aKasture, M., W.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aJoshi, P., N.1 aKumar, R.1 aXu, R1 aGao, Z.1 aChen, J1 aYan, W  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-and-characterization-value-added-catalysts-zeolite-beta-using-environmentally-001454nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245016300055210006900218260007300287300001200360490000700372520056800379653002000947653002200967653001800989653001801007653001201025653001601037100002201053700001801075856013101093       2007                        eng d  a0167-577X00aSynthesis of Bio-diesel and Bio-lubricant by transesterification of vegetable oil with lower and higher alcohols over heteropolyacids supported by clay (K-10)0 aSynthesis of Biodiesel and Biolubricant by transesterification o  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcSEP  a372-3770 v853 a<p>{The use of different lower and higher alcohols viz; methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-octanol, for the synthesis of methyl, ethyl, propyl and octyl fatty acid esters by transesterification of vegetable oil (triglycerides) with respective alcohols also known as `Bio-diesel' and `Biolubricants' was studied in detail. The reactions were carried out in a batch process. The activity with different supports like clay (K-10), activated carbon, ZSM-5, H-beta and TS-1 were compared. The superacids (heteropolyacids, HPA) viz; Dodeca-Tungstophosphoric acid [</p>10acoprecipitation10alithium aluminate10aMicroemulsion10aNanoparticles10asol-gel10aSurfactants1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aYadav, G., D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-bio-diesel-and-bio-lubricant-transesterification-vegetable-oil-lower-and-higher-001266nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245011200055210006900167260009500236300001200331490000700343520037400350653001900724653001500743653003400758653006000792653002400852100002200876700001800898856013200916       2007                        eng d  a1533-488000aSynthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates by toluene benzylation over heteropoly acids on different support0 aSynthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates by toluene benzylation  a25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USAbAMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERScJUN  a186-1920 v163 a<p>{Selective formation of pharmaceutical intermediates like diphenylmethane, dimethyl-diphenylmethane, benzyl toluene and benzoic acid by liquid phase, toluene benzylation with benzyl chloride as a benzylating agent, was systematically studied over plane clay (K-10, montmorillonite), plane H-Beta, plane MFI structured titanosilicate (TS-1) and heteropoly acids [</p>10aheteroassembly10ananoplates10apolyfunctional capping agents10ashape selective synthesis of gold-silver nanostructures10asurface confinement1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aYadav, G., D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-pharmaceutical-intermediates-toluene-benzylation-over-heteropoly-acids-different-001187nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260007300213300001000286490000700296520034500303653001900648653001300667653002300680653001100703653001000714100002200724700002700746700001400773700001300787700001800800856011500818       2007                        eng d  a1003-995300aToluene alkylation with methanol to p-xylene over heteropoly acids supported by clay0 aToluene alkylation with methanol to pxylene over heteropoly acid  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAR  a42-450 v163 a<p>{The alkylation of toluene with methanol for the selective formation of p-xylene was systematically studied. Very few studies have been reported on the use of superacids such as heteropolyacids on cheap supports, such as clay. This article deals with the use of different heteropoly acids (HPAs), viz, Dodeca-Tungstophosphoric acid [</p>10aco-crystalline10ap-xylene10atoluene alkylation10aZSM-1210aZSM-51 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aDeshpande, Suvarna, S.1 aPatil, R.1 aJain, S.1 aYadav, G., D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/toluene-alkylation-methanol-p-xylene-over-heteropoly-acids-supported-clay-001721nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245017000055210006900225260007300294300001200367490000800379520086100387653001501248653001901263653001901282653001301301653001601314100002201330700002401352856012701376       2008                        eng d  a1381-116900aHeteropolyacid supported on acidic clay: a novel efficient catalyst for alkylation of ethylbenzene with dilute ethanol to diethylbenzene in presence of C-8 aromatics0 aHeteropolyacid supported on acidic clay a novel efficient cataly  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAPR  a155-1610 v2853 a<p>Vapor phase alkylation of ethylbenzene with ethanol to diethylbenzene is industrially relevant. Diethylbenzene is an important raw material for the conversion of divinyl benzene monomer. Conventionally, it is prepared from diacetophenone by reduction. It is also prepared by vapor phase alkylation of ethylbenzene with ethylene using zeolitic catalysts. The efficacy of dodecatungsotphosphoric acid (DTPA) supported on acid treated clay has been evaluated in the current work in the alkylation of ethylbenzene with 80% (w/w) ethanol. 15% (w/w) DTPA/K-10 clay was found to be an efficient and robust catalyst. The use of aqueous ethanol and a mixed C-8 stream lowers the cost of production. A kinetic model is developed by studying the important process parameters with 15% (w/w) DTPA/K-10 as the catalyst. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAlkylation10adiethylbenzene10aHeteropolyacid10akinetics10aSolid acids1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aYadav, Ganapati, D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/heteropolyacid-supported-acidic-clay-novel-efficient-catalyst-alkylation-ethylbenzene-001758nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245007200055210006900127260007300196300001200269490000700281520100100288653001301289653001901302653002301321653001701344653001901361100001801380700001201398700002201410856009601432       2009                        eng d  a1003-995300aDisproportionation of ethylbenzene in the presence of C-8 aromatics0 aDisproportionation of ethylbenzene in the presence of C8 aromati  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcSEP  a369-3740 v183 a<p>The selective synthesis of p-diethylbenzene (p-DEB) by disproportionation of ethylbenzene (EB) in the presence of aromatics like m- and p-xylene isomers has been studied over a pore size regulated HZSM-5 catalyst. The industrial feed having different compositions of ethylbenzene and xylene isomers was used for the experimentation. Hence, they were expected to hinder the movement of reactant molecules both on the external surface and within the zeolite channels. It was observed that irrespective of the different feed compositions the concentration of the xylene isomers was intact in the product. There is no other byproducts formation like para-ethylmethyl benzene. The effects of varying the concentration of aromatic compounds in the feed on ethylbenzene conversion and product distribution over the parent and modified H-ZSM-5 catalyst have been discussed. Ethylbenzene disproportionation reaction follows the pseudo first order reaction with an activation energy of 8.6 kcal/mol.</p>10aCatalyst10adiethylbenzene10adisproportionation10aethylbenzene10axylene isomers1 aSharnappa, N.1 aPai, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/disproportionation-ethylbenzene-presence-c-8-aromatics-001737nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260007300221300001200294490000700306520095500313653001501268653001201283653001901295653002401314653002001338100001801358700002201376856012101398       2009                        eng d  a0169-131700aSelective N-alkylation of aniline with methanol over a heteropolyacid on montmorillonite K100 aSelective Nalkylation of aniline with methanol over a heteropoly  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAY  a255-2580 v443 a<p>N-methylaniline is an industrially important product in the manufacture of paper, textile dyes, drugs, perfumes and explosives. The vapour phase alkylation of aniline with methanol forming N-methylaniline is advantageous over liquid phase alkylation. In present study, vapour phase methylation of aniline over dodecatungestophosphoric acid supported on K10 montmorillonite was systematically studied and optimization of process parameters was carried out. The 20% m/m DTPA/K10 was found to be optimum with 79% aniline conversion and 99% N-methylaniline selectivity. The reaction required milder operating conditions than reported for commercial catalysts. We also studied the feasibility of 20% m/m DTPA/K10 as a catalyst for the alkylation of aniline with other alcohols like ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol and n-butanol. The activity of 20% m/m DTPA/K10 decreased with increasing carbon number. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAlkylation10aAniline10aHeteropolyacid10amontmorillonite K1010aN-methylaniline1 aNehate, Manoj1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/selective-n-alkylation-aniline-methanol-over-heteropolyacid-montmorillonite-k10-001991nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260006900220300001100289490000800300520119000308653001201498653003101510653001101541653002401552653002901576100002201605700002201627856012401649       2009                        eng d  a1385-894700aSelective synthesis of cumene by isopropylation of benzene using catalytic membrane reactor0 aSelective synthesis of cumene by isopropylation of benzene using  aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcAPR  a97-1010 v1473 a<p>Selective isopropylation of benzene to cumene is demonstrated using catalytic membrane reactor (CMR), to our knowledge for the first time and the performance was evaluated against conventional plug flow reactor (PFR). Almost complete elimination of byproducts like polyalkylated benzene and higher aromatics could be made possible by using CMR. These are present in significant amount when reaction is carried out with PFR. The cumene selectivity increased up to a maximum of 97.25% by CMR as against 90.05% with conventional PFR. The effect of reaction parameters that can greatly influence the process economics, such as liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV), reactant mole ratio and catalyst/reactor volume ratio were investigated. Changes in these parameters made for CMR are industrially advantageous. The process by CMR is more economical and ecofriendly than PFR as far as milder process parameters (higher LHSV, lower reactant feed mole ratio, less catalyst require, etc.) and process intensification (reaction and separation in single reactor) are concerned. The study provides new insights for benzene isopropylation reaction. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aBenzene10aCatalytic membrane reactor10acumene10aDiisopropyl benzene10aFriedel-Craft alkylation1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aKharul, Ulhas, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/selective-synthesis-cumene-isopropylation-benzene-using-catalytic-membrane-reactor-001711nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260005700221300001200278490000800290520085800298653001201156653001501168653001301183653002001196653001101216100002201227700001801249700001801267700002701285700002201312856012301334       2009                        eng d  a1011-372X00aSynthesis of N-methylaniline by aniline alkylation with methanol over Sn-MFI molecular sieve0 aSynthesis of Nmethylaniline by aniline alkylation with methanol   a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcNOV  a175-1840 v1333 a<p>Sn-MFI molecular sieves (Tin silicalite-1) with SiO(2)/SnO(2) molar ratio of 50-150 were synthesized and characterized. Elemental analysis, XRD and DRUV-vis confirmed that prepared samples were of MFI zeolite structure and Sn was incorporated in MFI framework. Vapor phase methylation of aniline over Sn-MFI was systematically studied and optimizations of process parameters were carried out. Sn-MFI (SiO(2)/SnO(2) = 50) was found to be optimum catalyst with 55% aniline conversion and 60% N-methylaniline selectivity. At lower space velocity (higher contact time) of 1 h(-1), aniline conversion was found to be increased to 71% with reduction in N-methylaniline selectivity to 39% and increased in N,N-dimethylaniline selectivity to 58%. The reaction follows first order kinetics with respect to aniline having activation energy of 7.3 kcal/mol.</p>10aAniline10aLewis acid10aMethanol10aN-methylaniline10aSn-MFI1 aNiphadkar, P., S.1 aJoshi, P., N.1 aGurav, H., R.1 aDeshpande, Suvarna, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-n-methylaniline-aniline-alkylation-methanol-over-sn-mfi-molecular-sieve-002427nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245013100055210006900186260006900255300001200324490000800336520150300344653002001847653002301867653002601890653001101916100002801927700002701955700002601982700002202008700002502030856013002055       2009                        eng d  a0254-058400aTin-silicalite-1: synthesis by dry gel conversion, characterization and catalytic performance in phenol hydroxylation reaction0 aTinsilicalite1 synthesis by dry gel conversion characterization   aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcMAR  a344-3490 v1143 a<p>Tin-silicalite-1 (Sn-MFI) has been successfully synthesized by dry gel conversion (DGC) method. The influence of various synthesis parameters such as crystallization time, temperature, water content at the bottom of autoclave, molar ratios of (TPA)(2)O/SiO(2) and SiO(2)/SnO(2) in dry gel on the crystallization kinetics and physico-chemical properties of Sn-MFI materials has been investigated. Powder-X-ray diffraction (XRD),XPS,AAS, DRUV-vis and SEM techniques were employed as characterization tools. Time-dependent studies revealed that, the progressive crystallization of Sn-MFI depend not only on the synthesis time but also on the other various synthesis parameters. Increase in the crystallization temperature, water content at bottom of autoclave (TPA)(2)O/SiO(2) and SiO(2)/SnO(2) molar ratios in dry gel resulted in the lowering of overall crystallization period. A good correspondence between the chemical composition of the surface and the bulk indicated the uniform distribution of Sn(4+) ions. The presence of these ions in tetrahedral coordination has been indicated by DRUV-vis spectral studies. Although, not better but comparable activity has been shown by Sn-MFI prepared by dry gel conversion method with Sn-MFI prepared by conventional hydrothermal crystallization method in the hydroxylation of phenol reaction. Increase in concentration of isolated Sn(4+) ions led to increase in phenol conversion and H(2)O(2) efficiency. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10acrystallisation10aDry gel conversion10amicroporous materials10aSn-MFI1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aKotwal, Mehejabeen, S.1 aDeshpande, Shilpa, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aJoshi, Praphulla, N.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/tin-silicalite-1-synthesis-dry-gel-conversion-characterization-and-catalytic-performance-002149nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184260007100253300001400324490000700338520147300345100002201818700002401840856012701864       2009                        eng d  a0888-588500aTransesterification of edible and nonedible vegetable oils with alcohols over heteropolyacids supported on acid-treated clay0 aTransesterification of edible and nonedible vegetable oils with   a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcNOV  a9408-94150 v483 a<p>In the current work, the novelty of heteropolyacid on clay (K-10) for the transesterification of vegetable oil with lower and higher alcohols is presented. Methyl esters (biodiesel) and glycerol were produced by the transesterification of vegetable oil with methanol in the presence of dodecatungestophosphoric acid (DTPA) supported on K-10 clay. The transesterification consists of three consecutive reversible reactions Diglycerides (DG) and monoglycerides (MG) are intermediate products. The optimal catalyst concentration was 5% w/w of oil. Detailed studies were done for optimization of the process parameters. The rate of transesterification in a batch reactor increased with temperature up to 170 degrees C. Higher temperatures did not reduce the time to reach maximum conversion. The study was also extended to reactions of different edible and nonedible oils with lower and higher alcohols. The conversion of TG, DG, and MG seemed to be a second-order mechanism for the forward and reverse reactions, where the reaction system could be described as a pseudo-heterogeneous catalyzed reaction. The reaction rate constants for the TG. DG, and MG transesterification reactions were 0.12-0.84 h(-1) and were higher for the MG reaction than for the TG transesterification. The activation energies were 4.2, 26, and 7.4 kcal/mol for the TG, DG, and MG transesterification reactions, respectively. The proposed kinetic model fits the experimental results well.</p>1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aYadav, Ganapati, D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/transesterification-edible-and-nonedible-vegetable-oils-alcohols-over-heteropolyacids-001694nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245008300055210006900138260009900207300001400306490000700320520079400327653001101121653002701132653001701159653001801176653002401194100001901218700002201237700002701259700002201286700001801308856011401326       2009                        eng d  a0016-236100aTransesterification of sunflower oil catalyzed by flyash-based solid catalysts0 aTransesterification of sunflower oil catalyzed by flyashbased so  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcSEP  a1773-17780 v883 a<p>Flyash-based base catalyst was used in the transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol to methyl esters in a heterogeneous manner. Catalyst preparation variables such as, the KNO(3) loading amount and calcination temperature were optimized. The catalysts were characterized by powder XRD. The catalyst prepared by loading of 5 wt.% KNO(3) on flyash followed by its calcination at 773 K has exhibited maximum oil conversion (87.5 wt.%). The influence of various reaction parameters such as % catalyst loading, methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction time, temperature, reusability of the catalyst on the catalytic activity was investigated. K(2)O derived from KNO(3) might be an essential component in the catalyst for its efficiency. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aFlyash10aheterogeneous catalyst10aMethyl ester10aSunflower oil10atransesterification1 aKotwal, M., S.1 aNiphadkar, P., S.1 aDeshpande, Suvarna, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aJoshi, P., N.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/transesterification-sunflower-oil-catalyzed-flyash-based-solid-catalysts-001491nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245012200055210006900177260007300246300001200319490000700331520068400338653001601022653001201038653001801050653001901068653002401087100002001111700002201131856012001153       2010                        eng d  a1003-995300aSynthesis of ethyl acetate by esterification of acetic acid with ethanol over a heteropolyacid on montmorillonite K100 aSynthesis of ethyl acetate by esterification of acetic acid with  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAR  a161-1640 v193 a<p>In present work, liquid phase esterification of acetic acid with ethanol over dodecatungestophosphoric acid (DTPA) supported on K10 mommorillonite was systematically studied and optimization of process parameters was carried out The 20% m/m urpAtK tO was found to be the optimum catalyst with 90% acetic acid conversion and 100% ethyl acetate selectivity The study was also explored to see the feasibility of 20% m/m DTPA/K10 as a catalyst for the alkylation of acetic acid with other alcohols like methanol, iso-propanol and sr-butanol. The 20% m/m DTPA/K10 has shown increased activity with the increase in carbon number, at the same alcohol reflux The results are novel</p>10aAcetic acid10aEthanol10aethyl acetate10aHeteropolyacid10amontmorillonite K101 aGurav, Hanumant1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-ethyl-acetate-esterification-acetic-acid-ethanol-over-heteropolyacid-001508nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165260007300234300001000307490000700317520070700324653003301031653000801064653001901072653001401091653002301105100001501128700002201143856012501165       2011                        eng d  a1003-995300aEsterification of levulinic acid to n-butyl levulinate over heteropolyacid supported on acid-treated clay0 aEsterification of levulinic acid to nbutyl levulinate over heter  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJAN  a18-240 v203 a<p>Levulinic acid has been identified as a promising green, biomass-derived platform chemical. n-Butyl levulinate is used as an important intermediate having diverse applications. The present work focuses on the synthesis of n-butyl levulinate by esterification of levulinic acid with n-butanol using heteropolyacid (HPA) supported on acid-treated clay montmorillonite (K10). 20% (w/w) dodecatungestophosphoric acid (DTPA) supported on K10 was found to be the most efficient catalyst with 97% levulinic acid conversion and 100% selectivity towards n-butyl levulinate. Effects of various process parameters were studied to examine the efficacy of 20% (w/w) DTPA/K10 for optimization of the activity.</p>10adodectungestophosphoric acid10aK1010alevulinic acid10an-butanol10an-Butyl levulinate1 aDharne, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/esterification-levulinic-acid-n-butyl-levulinate-over-heteropolyacid-supported-acid-002036nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245009500055210006900150260007300219300001200292490000700304520125700311653001601568653001601584653001801600653001301618653001901631100002201650700002401672856012201696       2011                        eng d  a0169-131700aHeteropolyacid supported on montmorillonite catalyst for dehydration of dilute bio-ethanol0 aHeteropolyacid supported on montmorillonite catalyst for dehydra  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAUG  a263-2710 v533 a<p>Vapour phase dehydration of dilute bio-ethanol (EtOH) to ethylene (E) and diethyl ether (DEE) is industrially relevant. Ethylene is an important raw material for many petrochemical products and Diethyl ether (DEE) can be used as an alternative fuel. The efficacy of montmorillonite (K-10) and dodecatungestophosphoric acid (DTPA) supported on montmorillonite (DTPA/K-10), has been evaluated in the current work in the dehydration of dilute bio-ethanol (80%m/m). The dehydration of ethanol and cracking of diethyl ether were studied independently. 30% m/m DTPA/K-10 was found to be more active with 74% ethanol conversion and 92% ethylene selectivity at 250 degrees C in comparison with other acid catalysts used. The merit of the process lies in its use of dilute bio-ethanol, a new avenue for ethylene production from a non-petroleum feedstock. Kinetic interpretation has been made by studying the important process parameters by using 30%m/m DTPA/montmorillonite as the catalyst. The mechanism of the dehydration of ethanol reaction suggests that two types of sites are responsible. The dehydration of ethanol and cracking of diethyl ether are second order reactions with weak adsorption of species. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aBio-ethanol10adehydration10aDiethyl ether10aEthylene10aHeteropolyacid1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aYadav, Ganapati, D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/heteropolyacid-supported-montmorillonite-catalyst-dehydration-dilute-bio-ethanol-002289nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189260007300258300001200331490000800343520139200351653001401743653001201757653002801769653001301797653002001810100002201830700001801852700002701870700002201897856012801919       2011                        eng d  a0926-860X00aInfluence of Al3+ insertion in the stannosilicate MFI framework on the catalytic performance in vapor phase aniline N-methylation0 aInfluence of Al3 insertion in the stannosilicate MFI framework o  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUL  a182-1880 v4013 a<p>Silica-based Sn-MFI, Al-MFI and Al-Sn-MFI molecular sieves were synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization of gels having molar compositions SiO2:xSnO(2):yAl(2)O(3):0.23 (TPA)(2)O:35H(2)O, where x ranges from 1/0 to 1/200 and y from 1/0 to 1/400. Keeping molar Si/(Al + Sn) = 50, the amount of tin and aluminum in hydrogel was varied (Sn:Al molar ratios = 1:0, 1:0.33, 1:1, 1:3, 0:1) to investigate the synergy between Lewis and Bronsted acid sites in acid catalyzed aniline N-methylation reaction. Catalyst characterization was done by Powder X-ray diffraction, DRUV-vis spectroscopy, temperature programmed ammonia desorption (TPAD) and FTIR spectroscopy. An increase in the Al3+ insertion in Sn-MFI framework resulted in the increase in the stronger acid sites. Al-Sn-MFI showed higher aniline conversion than their monometallic counterparts. A sample having B/L ratio in between 0.67 and 0.91 was found to be optimum for maximizing the NMA yield, indicating the existence synergistic properties of Al-Sn-MFI. Upon process parameter optimization, the optimum sample M50 [Si/Al = 50.2, Si/Sn = 93.8, Si/(Al + Sn) = 43.2] showed the maximum aniline conversion (67%) and NMA selectivity (81%) at reaction temperature = 220 degrees C, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) = 3 h(-1), molar ratio (aniline to methanol) = 1:8 and TOS = 4 h. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAl-Sn-MFI10aAniline10aBronsted and Lewis acid10aMethanol10aN-methylaniline1 aNiphadkar, P., S.1 aJoshi, P., N.1 aDeshpande, Suvarna, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/influence-al3-insertion-stannosilicate-mfi-framework-catalytic-performance-vapor-phase-002157nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245013900055210006900194260007100263300001400334490000700348520147800355100002201833700002401855856012001879       2012                        eng d  a0888-588500aDodecatungstophosphoric acid supported on acidic clay catalyst for disproportionation of ethylbenzene in the presence of C-8 aromatics0 aDodecatungstophosphoric acid supported on acidic clay catalyst f  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcJAN  a1209-12170 v513 a<p>Vapor-phase disproportionation of ethylbenzene (EB) to diethylbenzene (DEB) in a single step is industrially relevant. Diethylbenzene is an important raw material for the conversion of divinylbenzene monomer. Conventionally, it is prepared from diacetophenone by reduction. It is also prepared by vapor-phase alkylation of ethylbenzene with ethylene/ethanol using zeolitic catalysts. In the current work, the efficacy of dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTPA) supported on acid-treated clay has been evaluated in the disproportionation of ethylbenzene. A 20% (w/w) DTPA/K-10 clay catalyst was found to be efficient and robust. An industrial feed having different compositions of ethylbenzene and xylene isomers was used for the experimentation. Hence, they were expected to hinder the movement of reactant molecules on the catalyst surface. It was observed that irrespective of feed composition the concentration of the xylene isomers was intact in the product. There was no other byproduct formation like p-ethylrnethylbenzene. Optimization of process parameters is presented. The effect of varying the concentration of aromatic compounds in the feed on ethylbenzene conversion and product distribution over the plain clay (K-10) and heteropolyacid-loaded clay catalyst have been discussed. The effect of catalyst bed length to inner diameter of reactor (L/D) ratio on the ethylbenzene conversion and selective formation of p-diethylbenzene (p-DEB) are also discussed.</p>1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aYadav, Ganapati, D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/dodecatungstophosphoric-acid-supported-acidic-clay-catalyst-disproportionation-002723nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245016200055210006900217260007300286300001000359490000800369520166100377653002402038653003202062653001902094653002102113653001902134100002902153700002202182700002802204700002502232700002602257700002102283700002202304856011902326       2013                        eng d  a0926-860X00aCatalytic upgrading of renewable levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate biodiesel using dodecatungstophosphoric acid supported on desilicated H-ZSM-5 as catalyst0 aCatalytic upgrading of renewable levulinic acid to ethyl levulin  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUN  a90-980 v4603 a<p>Levulinic acid (LA) is considered as a renewable platform chemical and can be used for the synthesis of variety of important fuels and chemicals. In particular, its esterification with ethanol produces ethyl levulinate (EL) would be green process, as it can be used as diesel miscible biofuel (DMB), preventing global warming by decreasing atmospheric CO2. This study explores the use of modified H-ZSM-5 by desilication viz.; DH-ZSM-5 and dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTPA) loaded on DH-ZSM-5 for esterification of LA with ethanol aiming to EL. Different degree of desilication of H-ZSM-5 was performed by using aq. NaOH (0.2-1.5 M) at 338 K for 30 min and then DTPA was loaded on these desilicated H-ZSM-5 (DH-ZSM-5) support. H-ZSM-5, DH-ZSM-5 and DTPA on these DH-ZSM-5 samples were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), N-2 adsorption-desorption, pyridine chemisorbed IR spectroscopy, Temperature Programmed Ammonia Desorption (TPAD). The increase in conversion of levulinic acid was observed from 28% to 94% with increase of DTPA loading from 0% to 15%. The increased LA conversion may be due to increase in total acidity from 43.14% to 84.31%. The use of DH-ZSM-5 as support for deposition of DTPA may be reported for the first time. The present work also extended to optimize process parameters such as DTPA loading on DH-ZSM-5, catalyst to LA ratio, LA to ethanol molar ratio, speed of agitation, particle size reaction temperature and catalyst reusability. Kinetic study based on pseudo-homogeneous (P-H) model is also presented. The experimental results follow second order kinetics. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10adesilicated H-ZSM-510aDTPA on desilicated H-ZSM-510aEsterification10aethyl levulinate10alevulinic acid1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aSonar, Shilpa, K.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aJoshi, Praphulla, N.1 aDeshpande, Shilpa, S.1 aPatil, Vilas, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/catalytic-upgrading-renewable-levulinic-acid-ethyl-levulinate-biodiesel-using-001624nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260007300237300001200310490000700322520073500329653001901064653002101083653001801104653001701122653003201139100001801171700002201189700002201211700001801233856013101251       2014                        eng d  a1566-736700aEsterification of levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate over bimodal micro-mesoporous H/BEA zeolite derivatives0 aEsterification of levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate over bimoda  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJAN  a188-1910 v433 a<p>A series of bimodal micro-mesoporous H/BEA zeolite derivatives were prepared by the post-synthesis modification of H/BEA zeolite by NaOH (0.05 M-1.2 M) treatment Samples were characterized by powder XRD, low temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia and ICP. The mesopore formation was found to play a crucial role in liquid phase esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol. The enhanced catalytic activity of a bimodal micro-mesoporous H/BEA zeolite derivative (H/BEA(0.10)) prepared by treatment with 0.1M NaOH can be mainly attributed to the high mesoporosity coupled with better preserved crystallinity and acidic properties. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aEsterification10aethyl levulinate10aH/BEA zeolite10aMesoporosity10aPost-synthesis modification1 aPatil, C., R.1 aNiphadkar, P., S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aJoshi, P., N.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/esterification-levulinic-acid-ethyl-levulinate-over-bimodal-micro-mesoporous-hbea-zeolite-002418nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245013700055210006900192260006700261300001400328490000700342520151900349653002401868653001901892653002101911653001901932100002901951700002801980700002602008700002202034856013202056       2014                        eng d  a0268-257500aEsterification of renewable levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate biodiesel catalyzed by highly active and reusable desilicated H-ZSM-50 aEsterification of renewable levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate b  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcOCT  a1507-15150 v893 a<p>BACKGROUNDIn the near future, fossil fuel will have limitations in terms of availability and also great concerns over its environmental impact. New routes and related technologies based on renewable feedstocks can overcome most of these problems associated with fossil fuel. Among current biodiesel sources, ethyl levulinate (EL) biodiesel obtained from catalytic esterification of renewable levulinic acid (LA) with ethanol has received a great deal of attention. The use of desilicated H-ZSM-5 (DH-ZSM-5) as heterogeneous acid catalyst for EL biodiesel production in a closed system (under autogeneous pressure) was studied. RESULTSThe effect of reaction parameters such as ethanol to LA molar ratio (4:1 to 10:1), catalyst to LA ratio (0.10-0.25), speed of agitation (100-400rpm), particle size (53-355 mu m), reaction temperature (363-403K) and reaction time (7h) was investigated to maximize LA conversion. CONCLUSIONLevulinic acid conversion reached 95% over DH-ZSM-5 and the catalyst was reusable for up to six cycles. This LA conversion and the catalyst reusability values are higher than others reported in the literature. A pseudo-homogeneous (P-H) kinetic model indicated that reaction rate constants increased with increasing molar ratio, catalyst to LA ratio and reaction temperature. The activation energy decreased from 73.14 to 21.08 kJ mol(-1) when increasing the catalyst to LA ratio from 0.10 to 0.25, which implies a kinetically controlled reaction. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry</p>10adesilicated H-ZSM-510aEsterification10aethyl levulinate10alevulinic acid1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aDeshpande, Shilpa, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/esterification-renewable-levulinic-acid-ethyl-levulinate-biodiesel-catalyzed-highly-active-002423nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260007700249300001200326490000600338520156500344653001301909653001401922653001901936653001901955653001301974100002901987700002302016700002202039856013202061       2014                        eng d  a2194-428800aGlycerol etherification using n-butanol to produce oxygenated additives for biodiesel fuel over H-beta zeolite catalysts0 aGlycerol etherification using nbutanol to produce oxygenated add  aBOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcMAY  a446-4520 v23 a<p>The catalytic etherification of glycerol has been systematically studied in batch process by using n-butanol to produce oxygenated additives for biodiesel fuels over various solid-acid catalysts, such as H-beta zeolite, ZSM-5, K10, etc.. The present work includes a detailed study of the optimization of the etherification process parameters, such as catalyst loading (7-20 wt% of glycerol), molar ratio of glycerol/n-butanol (1: 6 to 1: 15), speed of agitation (100-400 rpm), reaction temperature (413-453 K), and reaction time (0.5-4 h) in view of maximizing the glycerol conversion and selectivity towards mono-butyl-glycerol ether (ME). The catalyst reusability was studied using the optimized process parameters. Amongst the studied catalysts, the H-beta zeolite was found to be the most promising for the etherification of glycerol with glycerol conversion of 55% and a 98% selectivity towards ME formation. The H-beta zeolite was found to be an active and stable catalyst for up to 4 cycles. The use of n-butanol as alkylating agent is presented for first time, to the authors knowledge. The reaction was performed at milder operating conditions (0.5 MPa) than previously reported (2 MPa). A kinetic model was developed for the etherification reaction and the data obtained at optimized process parameters was used to calculate the kinetic parameters. The reaction rate constants at different reaction temperatures, activation energies, and pre-exponential factors were obtained for the etherification reaction with an accuracy of R-2 &gt; 0.989.</p>10abiofuels10acatalysis10aetherification10afuel additives10azeolites1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aPatil, Shivraj, E.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/glycerol-etherification-using-n-butanol-produce-oxygenated-additives-biodiesel-fuel-over-h-001676nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189260007100258300001400329490000600343520068500349653002801034653001801062653001201080653001501092653003101107100002901138700002401167700002001191700002301211700002301234700002201257856013101279       2014                        eng d  a2168-048500aOne-pot synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by cellulose hydrolysis over highly active bimodal micro/mesoporous H-ZSM-5 catalyst0 aOnepot synthesis of 5hydroxymethylfurfural by cellulose hydrolys  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcJUL  a1928-19320 v23 a<p>Direct synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), a useful renewable biofuel and biochemical, was systematically studied by hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose over Bimodal-HZ-5 zeolite. Bimodal-HZ-5 zeolite obtained by post-synthesis modification of H-ZSM-5 with desilication was found to be a potential heterogeneous catalyst with 67% cellulose conversion and 46% yield of 5-HMF. Bimodal-HZ-5 was observed to be reusable for four cycles, without any loss in activity. The detailed optimization of process parameters and catalyst reusability are also presented. The present study opens a new avenue for the renewable one-pot synthesis of 5-HMF, a valuable product.</p>10a5-Hydroxymethylfurfural10aBiomodal-HZ-510aglucose10aHydrolysis10aMicrocrystalline cellulose1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aGalande, Nitish, D.1 aThakur, Pratika1 aSawant, Sanjay, D.1 aZambre, Vishal, P.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/one-pot-synthesis-5-hydroxymethylfurfural-cellulose-hydrolysis-over-highly-active-bimodal-001777nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245016300055210006900218260007100287300001600358490000700374520105800381100002901439700002201468856012901490       2014                        eng d  a0888-588500aProcess optimization by response surface methodology and kinetic modeling for synthesis of methyl oleate biodiesel over H3PW12O40 anchored montmorillonite K100 aProcess optimization by response surface methodology and kinetic  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcDEC  a18690-186980 v533 a<p>Heterogeneous acid catalysts comprised of 1030% (w/w) H3PW12O40 anchored to montmorillonite (K10) were used for synthesis of methyl oleate biodiesel by esterification of free fatty acid (oleic acid) with methanol in closed batch system. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize esterification of oleic acid with methanol over 20% (w/w) H3PW12O40/K-10. The effects of various process parameters such as catalyst loading, molar ratio, and reaction temperature on oleic acid conversion were addressed by BoxBehnken experimental design (BBD). Coefficient of determination (R-2) of this model was 0.996. 20% (w/w) H3PW12O40/K-10 was proved to be potential catalyst with 100% oleic acid conversion at optimized process parameters and with reusability of four cycles. Moreover, a second-order pseudohomogeneous (PH) kinetic model has been proposed and validated (R-2 &gt; 0.97) with experimental data. Kinetics confirmed that esterification reaction is performed in the kinetic regime due to high activation energy of 43.7 kJ mol(-1).</p>1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/process-optimization-response-surface-methodology-and-kinetic-modeling-synthesis-methyl-001826nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260007300240300001200313490000700325520093200332653001701264653001901281653001201300653001901312653002101331653003301352100002901385700002201414700002201436856012601458       2014                        eng d  a2095-495600aProduction of octyl levulinate biolubricant over modified H-ZSM-5: Optimization by response surface methodology0 aProduction of octyl levulinate biolubricant over modified HZSM5   aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUL  a535-5410 v233 a<p>The present study highlighted the use of modified H-ZSM-5 (Meso-HZ-5) as heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of octyl levulinate biolubricant by catalytic esterification of biomass derived renewable levulinic acid (LA) with n-octanol. The process variables such as catalyst loading (X-1), n-octanol to LA molar ratio (X-2) and reaction temperature (X-3) were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM), using Box-Behnken model. Analysis of variance was performed to determine the adequacy and significance of the quadratic model. The yield of octyl levulinate was obtained to be 99% at optimum process parameters. The developed quadratic model was found to be adequate and statistically accurate with correlation value (R-2) of 0.9971 to predict the yield of octyl levulinate biolubricant. The study was also extended on the validation of theoretical and experimental data, including catalyst reusability.</p>10abiolubricant10aEsterification10aH-ZSM-510alevulinic acid10aoctyl levulinate10aResponse surface methodology1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aYadava, Sunil, K.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/production-octyl-levulinate-biolubricant-over-modified-h-zsm-5-optimization-response-002353nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245016000055210006900215260006700284300001200351490000700363520144500370653001601815653003301831653001901864653001801883653002401901100002401925700002901949700002201978856012302000       2014                        eng d  a0894-323000aPseudo-homogeneous kinetic model for esterification of acetic acid with propanol isomers over dodecatungstophosphoric acid supported on montmorillonite k100 aPseudohomogeneous kinetic model for esterification of acetic aci  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcFEB  a121-1270 v273 a<p>Esterification of acetic acid with propanol isomers such as isopropanol and naEuropropanol was carried out over dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTPA), dodecamolybdophosphoric acid ammonium salt hydrate, and sodium tungstate hydrated purified supported on montmorillonite K10, which were characterized by powder XaEuroray diffraction, BrunaueraEuro'EmmettaEuro'Teller, and temperature programmed ammonia desorption. A pseudoaEurohomogeneous (PaEuroH) kinetic model was established for esterification of acetic acid with propanol isomers over DTPA supported on montmorillonite K10. Effects of various parameters such as reaction time, speed of agitation, particle size, temperature, percent catalyst loading, molar ratio and mixture of propanol isomer were investigated in detail. The 20% (w/w) DTPA/K10 was found to be an optimum solid catalyst with 82% naEuropropanol and 53% isopropanol conversion with 100% selectivity toward propyl acetate. The 20% (w/w) DTPA/K10 catalyst was found to be reusable for three cycles. The reaction follows secondaEuroorder kinetics with activation energies of 25.53aEuro?kJaEuro?mol(a?'1) and 28.15aEuro?kJaEuro?mol(a?'1) for isopropanol and naEuropropanol, respectively. PseudoaEurohomogeneous kinetic model fitted with R-2 value of trend line 0.999. This implies that esterification reaction is kinetically controlled owing to high activation energy. Copyright a (c) 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p>10aAcetic acid10adodecatungstophosphoric acid10aEsterification10akinetic model10amontmorillonite K101 aGurav, Hanumant, R.1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/pseudo-homogeneous-kinetic-model-esterification-acetic-acid-propanol-isomers-over-002221nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245014900055210006900204260011000273300001600383490000600399520148800405100002901893700002201922856011901944       2014                        eng d  a2046-206900aSelective synthesis of propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol), an intravenous anesthetic drug, by isopropylation of phenol over H-beta and H-mordenite0 aSelective synthesis of propofol 26diisopropylphenol an intraveno  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJUL  a32467-324740 v43 a<p>Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol/DIPP) is the world's most widely used intravenous general anesthetic and is typically synthesized by isopropylation of phenol over an acid catalyst. It is highly difficult to stabilize bio-oil containing phenolic compounds. The isopropylation of this phenol (a model compound representing species in bio-oils) is one of the options to stabilize the bio-oil and convert it into valuable products. Probably for the first time, H-beta- and H-mordenite-catalysed vapour phase isopropylation of phenol with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) was studied to selectively synthesize DIPP. The optimization of various operating parameters such as molar ratio (phenol : IPA), weight hourly space velocity (WHSV), reaction temperature and time on stream were performed. H-beta (94% phenol conv. and 56% DIPP sel.) was found to be a potential and more active catalyst than H-mordenite (68% phenol conv. and 43% DIPP sel.) at optimized process parameters. A kinetic model is proposed to probe the intricate reaction kinetics and validated (R-2 &gt; 0.98) by the experimental results. H-beta catalyst was observed to be stable for more than 25 h with 94% phenol conversion and 56% selectivity towards DIPP at optimized process parameters. The phenol conversion and DIPP selectivity obtained in the present study are higher than those reported so far. The activation energy obtained for isopropylation of phenol with IPA over H-beta is calculated to be 25.39 kJ mol(-1).</p>1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/selective-synthesis-propofol-26-diisopropylphenol-intravenous-anesthetic-drug-002167nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260009500223300001200318490000700330520123800337653001601575653001901591653001901610653001601629653002201645653002201667100002901689700002401718700002001742700002201762856012901784       2015                        eng d  a0263-876200aBenzylation of acetic acid to benzyl acetate over highly active and reusable micro/meso-HZSM-50 aBenzylation of acetic acid to benzyl acetate over highly active   a165-189 RAILWAY TERRACE, DAVIS BLDG, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLANDbINST CHEMICAL ENGINEERScJAN  a584-5900 v933 a<p>Catalytic benzylation of acetic acid (AA) with benzyl alcohol (BA) to benzyl acetate was studied over zeolites viz. H-ZSM-5 (microporous, medium pore), Micro/Meso-HZSM-5 (combination of micro- and meso pore), H-Beta (microporous, large pore) to investigate catalytic activity and selectivity towards benzyl acetate. Micro/Meso-HZSM-5 obtained by desilication post-treatment has been employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for benzylation reaction probably for the first time. Micro/Meso-HZSM-5 was found to be a promising catalyst for benzylation with AA conversion of 94%, selectivity towards benzyl acetate of 95%. The detailed optimization of process parameters such as molar ratio, catalyst loading, reaction temperature and time was also presented. Micro/Meso-HZSM-5 catalyst was observed to be stable for six cycles (1 fresh and 5 recycles). The first order reaction kinetics (R-2 &gt;0.98) indicated that reaction rate constants increased with increasing reaction temperature. The activation energy for benzylation of AA with BA over Micro/Meso-HZSM-5 was obtained to be 15.07 kJ mol(-1), which is far less than the reported. (C) 2014 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAcetic acid10aBenzyl acetate10aBenzyl alcohol10aBenzylation10aMicro/Meso-HZSM-510aReaction kinetics1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aGalande, Nitish, D.1 aRaut, Sunil, A.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/benzylation-acetic-acid-benzyl-acetate-over-highly-active-and-reusable-micromeso-hzsm-5-002303nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245013600055210006900191260009500260300001200355490000700367520140500374653001201779653001601791653002801807653001601835653002101851100002901872700001901901700002201920856013101942       2015                        eng d  a0263-876200aCatalytic upgrading of citric acid to environmental friendly tri-butyl citrate plasticizer over ultra stable phosphonated Y zeolite0 aCatalytic upgrading of citric acid to environmental friendly tri  a165-189 RAILWAY TERRACE, DAVIS BLDG, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLANDbINST CHEMICAL ENGINEERScJUN  a212-2190 v983 a<p>The catalytic synthesis of non-toxic/eco-friendly tributyl citrate (TBC) plasticizer by esterification of renewable citric acid (CA) with butanol would be completely sustainable route. In this context, catalytic performance of parent ultra stable Y (USY) and phosphonated USY catalysts were investigated for TBC synthesis. Parent USY and phosphonated USY catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N-2 adsorption-desorption, NH3 temperature programmed desorption (TPD), pyridine-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), FTIR, SEM, ICP. The influence of various process parameters such as phosphorous (P) loading (0 to 4 wt/%), catalyst loading (5-25%), molar ratio of CA to n-butanol (1:4 to 1:12), reaction temperature (383-423 K) and reaction time (1-5 h) have been investigated over USY catalyst with aim to maximize CA conversion and TBC yield. Amongst the studied catalysts, the 2% (w/w) P/USY was found to be highly potential catalyst with complete CA conversion (100%) and 93% TBC yield. The present method of using 2% (w/w) P/USY catalyst for the synthesis of TBC would be environmentally benign in the context of bio-renewable synthetic route, high catalytic activity, non-toxic product, long term stability and reusability of catalyst (five catalytic cycles). (c) 2015 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved,</p>10aButanol10aCitric acid10aheterogeneous catalysis10aPlasticizer10aTributyl citrate1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aGogoi, Pranjal1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/catalytic-upgrading-citric-acid-environmental-friendly-tri-butyl-citrate-plasticizer-over-002298nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245013100055210006900186260006700255300001200322490000700334520145300341653001301794653001901807653001801826653001901844653001401863653001001877100002901887700002201916856013001938       2015                        eng d  a1944-744200aEnvironmentally benign catalytic process for esterification of renewable levulinic acid to various alkyl levulinates biodiesel0 aEnvironmentally benign catalytic process for esterification of r  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcSEP  a795-8010 v343 a<p>This study explores, the use of modified zeolite (Micro/Meso-HZ-5) obtained by desilication post-treatment as heterogeneous catalyst for esterification of biomass derived renewable levulinic acid (LA) with different alkyl alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, and n-octanol aiming to produce corresponding alkyl levulinate. This method of production of alkyl levulinates would be sustainable process, as it can be used as novel miscible diesel biofuels preventing global warming by decreasing atmospheric CO2. The LA conversion obtained over Micro/Meso-HZ-5 was higher than H-ZSM-5, which is due to the combined effect of increase in Bronsted acid sites, total acidity, and other properties such as BET surface area and the generation of mesoporosity. The maximum LA conversion of 91, 95, 96, and 98% with 100% selectivity toward alkyl levulinate was obtained, when LA was being esterified over Micro/Meso-HZ-5 with methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, and n-octanol, respectively, at optimal process parameters. Micro/Meso-HZ-5 catalyst was found to be reusable for six cycles. Furthermore, pseudo homogeneous (P-H) kinetic model of the esterification of LA with the studied four alcohols were established with R-2&gt;0.99, using the experimental data. A P-H kinetic model implies that, the esterification reaction follows second order reversible kinetics. (c) 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 795-801, 2015</p>10abiofuels10aEsterification10akinetic model10alevulinic acid10ameso-HZ-510amicro1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/environmentally-benign-catalytic-process-esterification-renewable-levulinic-acid-various-001734nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146260007700215300001200292490000700304520093300311653001901244653001801263653001901281653002001300653002301320100002901343700002201372856012201394       2015                        eng d  a0930-751600aEsterification of renewable levulinic acid to n-butyl levulinate over modified H-ZSM-50 aEsterification of renewable levulinic acid to nbutyl levulinate   aBOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcFEB  a246-2520 v383 a<p>The synthesis of n-butyl levulinate, one of the most important biodiesel additives, by catalytic esterification of biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA) with n-butanol over modified H-ZSM-5 (micro/meso-HZ-5) in a closed-batch system is reported for the first time. The optimization of the reaction conditions such as the reactant molar ratio, the catalyst loading, the reaction time and the temperature was performed in view to maximize the yield of n-butyl levulinate. Micro/meso-HZ-5 was found to be the most efficient catalyst, with 98% yield of n-butyl levulinate and a reusability for six cycles, which is higher than reported in the literature. A possible catalytic mechanism for the esterification reaction is also proposed. A second-order pseudo-homogeneous model with R-2 &gt; 0.97 confirmed that the esterification reaction is performed in the kinetic regime due to the high activation energy of 23.84 kJ mol(-1).</p>10aEsterification10akinetic model10alevulinic acid10aMicro/meso-HZ-510an-Butyl levulinate1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/esterification-renewable-levulinic-acid-n-butyl-levulinate-over-modified-h-zsm-5-002265nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001400041245013100055210006900186260011000255300001600365490000600381520150500387100002901892700002301921700002201944856012901966       2015                        eng d  a2046-206900aOne step synthesis of ethyl levulinate biofuel by ethanolysis of renewable furfuryl alcohol over hierarchical zeolite catalyst0 aOne step synthesis of ethyl levulinate biofuel by ethanolysis of  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcSEP  a79224-792310 v53 a<p>Ethanolysis of renewable furfuryl alcohol (FAL) to ethyl levulinate (EL) biofuel over various zeolites viz. H-ZSM-5 (microporous, medium pore), Hierarchical-HZ-5 (combination of micro-and meso pore), H-Beta (microporous, large pore) and Ultra Stable Y (USY, microporous, large pore) was studied in detail. To the best of our knowledge, probably for the first time, Hierarchical-HZ-5 synthesized by desilication post-treatment has been employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for ethanolysis of FAL. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), temperature programmed NH3 desorption (TPAD), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), etc. Response surface methodology (RSM) with Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) was used to investigate the influence of three crucial process variables of ethanolysis such as ethanol to FAL molar ratio, percent catalyst loading and reaction temperature on EL yield. The optimization tool of design expert software was employed to obtain the optimum reaction parameters for FAL ethanolysis over Hierarchical-HZ-5 catalyst. Three intermediates of FAL ethanolysis reaction such as, ethoxymethylfuran (EMF), 4,5,5-triethoxypentan-2-one and diethyl ether (DEE) have been identified and quantified from the product mixture with the aid of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Hierarchical-HZ-5 was found to be a potential catalyst for ethanolysis of FAL with 73% EL yield and 26% EMF yield at optimized process parameters.</p>1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aPande, Ashwini, M.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/one-step-synthesis-ethyl-levulinate-biofuel-ethanolysis-renewable-furfuryl-alcohol-over-002155nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260007300248300001200321490000700333520131700340653001401657653001901671653002101690653002401711100002901735700002201764700002201786856012901808       2015                        eng d  a2095-495600aPhosphonated USY, a promising catalyst for the development of environmentally benign biodiesel (methyl acetate) process0 aPhosphonated USY a promising catalyst for the development of env  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAY  a285-2900 v243 a<p>The present study focuses on the evaluation of the potential applicability of Ultra Stable Y (USY) and phosphonated USY (1 wt%-4 wt% phosphorous loading) as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel (methyl acetate) production. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunaer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, total acidity by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (TPD-NH3) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. The performances of catalysts were evaluated for the transesterification of butyl acetate with methanol (a model reaction in biodiesel production). In view to obtain a maximum yield of methyl acetate, the optimization of process parameters such as reactant molar ratio, catalyst loading, reaction temperature and reaction time was performed. All the phosphonated USY catalysts showed higher catalytic activity than the parent USY, which can be attributed to the increase of total acidity due to phosphonation. 2 wt% P/USY (2% phosphorous loaded on USY) exhibited 92% methyl acetate yield with 100% selectivity, which was proved to be a potential catalyst for biodiesel production. The invented catalyst was found to be stable and reusable for five catalytic cycles, demonstrating that it might be a environmentally benign catalytic process.</p>10aBiodiesel10amethyl acetate10aphosphonated USY10atransesterification1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aGopal, Gahana, C.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/phosphonated-usy-promising-catalyst-development-environmentally-benign-biodiesel-methyl-001875nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001400041245016700055210006900222260011000291300001600401490000600417520108000423100002901503700002401532700002201556856012701578       2015                        eng d  a2046-206900aProcess optimization by response surface methodology for transesterification of renewable ethyl acetate to butyl acetate biofuel additive over borated USY zeolite0 aProcess optimization by response surface methodology for transes  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJAN  a17109-171160 v53 a<p>Butyl acetate, a renewable biofuel additive was synthesized by transesterification of butanol with ethyl acetate via a renewable and sustainable route. Use of fermentation derived bio-butanol and bio-ethyl acetate for synthesis of butyl acetate would be a more advantageous route over conventional Fischer Esterification. For the first time, a heterogeneous zeolite catalyst such as Ultra Stable Y (USY) and its modified versions obtained by borating on parent USY were used for the synthesis of butyl acetate. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the process parameters for transesterification of butanol with ethyl acetate over a 4% (w/w) B-USY catalyst. The influence of three crucial process variables such as catalyst loading, molar ratio, and reaction temperature on yield of butyl acetate were addressed by Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD). 4% (w/w) B-USY was proved to be a potential catalyst with 96% yield of butyl acetate at optimum process parameters. The 4% (w/w) B-USY catalyst was found to be reusable for 6 catalytic cycles.</p>1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aGalande, Nitish, D.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/process-optimization-response-surface-methodology-transesterification-renewable-ethyl-001387nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245012200055210006900177260000800246300001200254490000700266520058600273653001300859653001400872653002000886653002900906653001600935100002900951700002400980700002201004856013101026       2015                        eng d  a1863-065000aSynthesis of non-toxic triethyl citrate plasticizer by esterification of renewable citric acid using modified zeolite0 aSynthesis of nontoxic triethyl citrate plasticizer by esterifica  cJUN  a927-9310 v433 a<p>Triethyl citrate (TEC), a non-toxic plasticizer, was synthesized by esterification of renewable citric acid (CA, from entire waste of oranges) with ethanol over modified H-ZSM-5 (HZ-5) zeolite. Different micro-meso composites (M-HZ-5) with varying crystallinities were prepared by alkaline treatment of HZ-5. M-HZ-5(0.6) (87% crystallinity) was observed to be a potential and environmentally benign catalyst with 96% CA conversion, 64% TEC selectivity (61.44% TEC yield), and a reusability of six cycles. The probable catalytic mechanism of esterification was also proposed.</p>10aBiowaste10aCatalysts10agreen chemistry10aMicro-mesopre composites10areusability1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aBorikar, Sanjay, P.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-non-toxic-triethyl-citrate-plasticizer-esterification-renewable-citric-acid-using02579nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245010700055210006900162260011000231300001400341490000700355520165400362100003002016700001902046700002202065700001802087700001702105700002602122700001602148700002002164700002102184856013202205       2016                        eng d  a1463-926200aIsolation and characterization of new lignin streams derived from extractive-ammonia (EA) pretreatment0 aIsolation and characterization of new lignin streams derived fro  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcAUG  a4205-42150 v183 a<p>One of the key challenges facing lignin conversion to fuels and chemicals is related to the level of carbohydrate and ash impurities found in extracted lignin. Structural modifications of lignin may also occur as a result of biomass pretreatment and harsh lignin extraction protocols. Extractive-Ammonia (EA) is a new pretreatment technology that uses liquid ammonia to cleave lignin-carbohydrate complexes, decrystallize cellulose, solubilize lignin, and selectively extract Lignin from lignocellulosic biomass, enabling better utilization of both lignin and carbohydrate components in a biorefinery. The EA-based biorefinery produces two different lignin-rich streams, with different properties, that could potentially be upgraded to fuels and chemicals using green processes. In this work, a water/ethanol-based fractionation method was developed to enrich the ammonia-soluble extractives, resulting in a major product stream containing 92% lignin. Detailed characterization of the various streams resulting from EA treatment, including compositional analysis, structural characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry, elemental analysis, molecular weight analysis, and thermo-gravimetric analysis provides a broad evaluation of the EA derived lignin product stream structures and properties, assessing their potential for commercial applications. In summary, EA-derived lignins preserve much of lignin's functionality, including the sensitive (3-aryl ether units. Nitrogen incorporation was observed in the lignin-rich streams, notably due to the presence of hydroxycinnamoyl amides formed during ammonia pretreatment.</p>1 aSousa, Leonardo, da Costa1 aFoston, Marcus1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aAzarpira, Ali1 aLu, Fachuang1 aRagauskas, Arthur, J.1 aRalph, John1 aDale, Bruce, E.1 aBalan, Venkatesh  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/isolation-and-characterization-new-lignin-streams-derived-extractive-ammonia-ea-pretreatment02359nas a2200397   4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260011000204300001400314490000600328520105800334100003001392700001701422700003001439700002201469700001701491700001801508700001701526700001501543700001901558700002301577700002101600700002501621700002101646700001901667700001801686700001601704700002201720700002301742700001701765700002301782700002001805700002101825856011501846       2016                        eng d  a1754-569200aNext-generation ammonia pretreatment enhances cellulosic biofuel production0 aNextgeneration ammonia pretreatment enhances cellulosic biofuel   aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcFEB  a1215-12230 v93 a<p>A new liquid ammonia pretreatment methodology called Extractive Ammonia (EA) was developed to simultaneously convert native crystalline cellulose I-beta (CI) to a highly digestible cellulose IIII (CIII) allomorph and selectively extract up to B45% of the lignin from lignocellulosic biomass with near-quantitative retention of all polysaccharides. EA pretreated corn stover yielded a higher fermentable sugar yield compared to the older Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) process while using 60% lower enzyme loading. The EA process preserves extracted lignin functionalities, offering the potential to co-produce lignin-derived fuels and chemicals in the biorefinery. The single-stage EA fractionation process achieves high biofuel yields (18.2 kg ethanol per 100 kg untreated corn stover, dry weight basis), comparable to those achieved using ionic liquid pretreatments. The EA process achieves these ethanol yields at industrially-relevant conditions using low enzyme loading (7.5 mg protein per g glucan) and high solids loading (8% glucan, w/v).</p>1 aSousa, Leonardo, da Costa1 aJin, Mingjie1 aChundawat, Shishir, P. S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aTang, Xiaoyu1 aAzarpira, Ali1 aLu, Fachuang1 aAvci, Utku1 aHumpula, James1 aUppugundla, Nirmal1 aGunawan, Christa1 aPattathil, Sivakumar1 aCheh, Albert, M.1 aKothari, Ninad1 aKumar, Rajeev1 aRalph, John1 aHahn, Michael, G.1 aWyman, Charles, E.1 aSingh, Seema1 aSimmons, Blake, A.1 aDale, Bruce, E.1 aBalan, Venkatesh  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/next-generation-ammonia-pretreatment-enhances-cellulosic-biofuel-production02403nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245017800055210006900233260009500302300001200397490000700409520142700416653003301843653001901876653002201895653002301917653001701940653003301957100002901990700002202019856013202041       2016                        eng d  a0957-582000aOptimization by box-behnken experimental design fur synthesis of n-hexyl levulinate biolubricant over hierarchical H-ZSM-5: an effort towards agricultural waste minimization0 aOptimization by boxbehnken experimental design fur synthesis of   a165-189 RAILWAY TERRACE, DAVIS BLDG, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLANDbINST CHEMICAL ENGINEERScJAN  a159-1660 v993 a<p>The present study is devoted to develop efficient catalytic process for conversion of agricultural waste feedstock to value added chemicals. In this context, the n-hexyl levulinate, a renewable biolubricant was synthesized by esterification of biomass derived levulinic acid (LA) with n-hexanol in a closed batch system. Hierarchical-HZ-5 (modified H-ZSM-5) was used as a heterogeneous acid catalyst. There are no reports available on the synthesis of n-hexyl levulinate biolubricant using renewable levulinic acid. The process variables such as catalyst to LA ratio (X-1), n-hexanol to LA molar ratio (X-2), reaction time (X-3) and reaction temperature (X-4) were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), using the Box-Behnken model. Analysis of variance was done to check the suitability and significance of the quadratic model. The yield of n-hexyl levulinate obtained was 97% with 100% selectivity at optimum process parameters. The RSM analysis predicted that catalyst to LA ratio is most significant (value of p &lt; 0.0001) and n-hexanol to LA molar ratio is least significant (value of p = 0.0064) process parameter in esterification. The quadratic model established was revealed to be suitable and statistically precise with correlation value (R-2) of 0.9837 to predict the yield of n-hexyl levulinate. (C) 2015 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAgricultural waste feedstock10aEsterification10aHierarchical-HZ-510an-Hexyl levulinate10aOptimization10aResponse surface methodology1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/optimization-box-behnken-experimental-design-fur-synthesis-n-hexyl-levulinate-biolubricant-002216nas a2200145   4500008004100000245011000041210006900151260000800220300001200228490000700240520163900247100003201886700002201918856013001940       2016                        eng d00aSustainable catalytic process for synthesis of triethyl citrate plasticizer over phosphonated USY zeolite0 aSustainable catalytic process for synthesis of triethyl citrate   cOCT  a292-2980 v113 a<p>Fruits wastage is harmful to health and environment concerning spreading diseases and soil pollution, respectively. To avoid this issue, use of citrus fruit waste for the production of citric acid (CA) is one of viable mean to obtain value added chemicals. Moreover, synthesis of triethyl citrate (TEC), a non-toxic plasticizer by esterification of CA with ethanol over heterogeneous catalyst would be renewable and sustainable catalytic process. In this context, parent Ultrastable Y (USY) and different percentage phosphonated USY (P-USY) zeolites were used for the synthesis of TEC in a closed batch reactor, for the first time. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by N2-adsorption desorption isotherm, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and NH3 temperature programmed desorption (TPD. Effect of reaction conditions, such as the molar ratio of ethanol to CA (5:1 - 20:1), the catalyst to CA ratio (0.05-0.25) and reaction temperature (363-403 K), were studied in view to maximizing CA conversion and TEC yield. Phosphonated USY catalysts were found to be superior in activity (CA conversion and TEC yield) than parent USY, which is attributed to the increased in total acidity with phosphonation. Among the studied catalysts, the P2USY (2% phosphorous loaded on USY) was found to be an optimum catalyst with 99% CA conversion and 82% TEC yield, which is higher than the reported values. This study opens new avenues of research demonstrating principles of green chemistry such as easy separable and reusable catalyst, non-toxic product, bio-renewable synthetic route, milder operating parameters and waste minimization.</p>1 aNandiwaleand, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/sustainable-catalytic-process-synthesis-triethyl-citrate-plasticizer-over-phosphonated-usy01710nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001500041245009500056210006900151260000800220300001600228490000700244520110200251100002201353700002201375700002101397856012201418       2018                        eng d  a 1144-054600aDirect synthesis of diethyl carbonate from ethanol and carbon dioxide over ceria catalysts0 aDirect synthesis of diethyl carbonate from ethanol and carbon di  cNOV  a17546-175520 v423 a<p>Direct synthesis of diethyl carbonate (DEC) by carboxylation of ethanol with CO2 was investigated over ceria catalysts. 2-Cyanopyridine (2-CP) was used for trapping water formed in the reaction and to shift the equilibrium towards the product side. An optimal dependence (volcanic plot) of the catalytic activity on the acidity/basicity molar ratio was observed. Neat ceria (procured from Daiichi Kigenso Kagaku Kogyo Co. Ltd, Japan) showed higher catalytic activity than metal incorporated ceria catalysts. CeO2 had the right kind of acidity/basicity ratio to activate ethanol and CO2 simultaneously, yielding DEC. The catalyst was reusable. The yield of DEC obtained in this study using the commercial catalyst was higher than that reported by others using ceria catalysts prepared by other methods. Under optimum conditions (ethanol:2-CP molar ratio = 2:1, catalyst = 2.17 wt% with respect to ethanol, CO2 pressure = 40 bar, reaction temperature = 150 degrees C and reaction time = 3 h) in a batch reaction, a DEC yield as high as 45 mol% (i.e., 38.7 mmol mmol(-1) of CeO2) was obtained.</p>1 aGiram, Ganesh, G.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aDarbha, Srinivas  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/direct-synthesis-diethyl-carbonate-ethanol-and-carbon-dioxide-over-ceria-catalysts02463nas a2200157   4500008004100000245014900041210006900190260000800259300001400267490000700281520182100288100002902109700002302138700002202161856012202183       2018                        eng d00a HPW anchored Meso-HZ-5, a novel catalyst for selective synthesis of ethyl levulinate biofuel by alcoholysis of biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol0 aHPW anchored MesoHZ5 a novel catalyst for selective synthesis of  cSEP  a1736-17420 v373 aEthanolysis of biomass derived furfuryl alcohol (FA) produces ethyl levulinate (EL), a biofuel additive and precursor for -valerolactone synthesis. The present study is devoted to develop an efficient and an environmentally benign catalytic system for one-pot conversion of FA to EL biofuel, by revealing an insight of the catalytic mechanism. The catalytic activity of H-ZSM-5, Meso-HZ-5 (desilicated H-ZSM-5) and different percentage H3PW12O40(HPW) anchored to Meso-HZ-5 catalysts have been evaluated for the FA ethanolysis. As per our knowledge, this is the first research reporting the application of HPW anchored to Meso-HZ-5 catalysts for the conversion of FA into EL in biomass utilization. These catalysts were synthesized and characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N-2 physisorption and temperature programmed NH3 desorption (TPAD). Products of FA ethanolysis viz., 4,5,5-triethoxypentan-2-one (TEP), ethoxy-methyl- furan (EMF), diethyl ether (DEE), EL were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and quantified by flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The physicochemical properties of catalysts were found to correlate to the product distribution matrix. Moreover, influences of several process parameters such as catalyst amount, reactant molar ratio, temperature and time on the extent of FA ethanolysis were systematically investigated. Under optimized conditions, 15% (w/w) HPW/Meso-HZ-5 exhibited a remarkable catalytic performance with complete FA conversion (100%) along with 97% yield of EL, these activity values are superior than the previously reported studies. The present study provides an insight of the catalytic mechanism along with a potential environmental benign and the economic catalyst for the efficient synthesis of EL biofuel from the biomass-derived FA1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aPande, Ashwini, M.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/hpw-anchored-meso-hz-5-novel-catalyst-selective-synthesis-ethyl-levulinate-biofuel01919nas a2200169   4500008004100000245015000041210006900191260000800260300001200268490000600280520123500286100002201521700002801543700002401571700002201595856013201617       2018                        eng d00aHxZr3-xPW12O40 as an insoluble and reusable heteropolyacid for highly selective dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethyl fufural in DMSO system0 aHxZr3xPW12O40 as an insoluble and reusable heteropolyacid for hi  cJAN  a832-8360 v33 aDehydration of fructose is a way to produce an important platform chemical such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) which is widely used to synthesize variety of renewable chemicals and fuel. Heteropoly acid, H3PW12O40 is highly soluble strong acidic catalyst with well-defined structure. This study reports the modification of soluble heteropoly acid to insoluble and reusable heteropolyacid (HxZr3-xPW12O40 ) by exchanging with Zr and investigation of its catalytic performance in selective transformation of renewable fructose to 5-HMF in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) system. The physico-chemical properties of H(x)Zr(3-x)PW(12)O(40)were derived from Powder-XRD, NH3-TPAD and FT-IR technique. The characterization of HxZr3-xPW12O40 revealed that the Keggin structure of HPA remained intact as proton replaced by Zr. The partial exchange of Zr in H2Zr1PW12O40 catalyst resulted in an increase in acidity, however further increase of Zr above 1, acidity was found to be decreased. At optimized reaction condition, 5-HMF yield of 85% with 100% selectivity was achieved with H1Zr2 PW12O40 catalyst at much lower reaction time of 10 min than reported. The catalyst was observed to be recoverable, reusable as compared to parent H3PW12O40.1 aMulik, Nagesh, L.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aPandhare, Kiran, V.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/hxzr3-xpw12o40-insoluble-and-reusable-heteropolyacid-highly-selective-dehydration-fructose-502433nas a2200325   4500008004100000022001400041245014400055210006900199260000800268300000800276490000600284520132800290653001601618653002901634653002801663653002201691653001601713653003101729653002201760653002201782100001901804700002301823700002501846700001901871700001901890700002801909700002201937700002101959856012701980       2019                        eng d  a2073-434400aEpoxidation of karanja (Millettia pinnata) oil methyl esters in the presence of hydrogen peroxide over a simple niobium-containing catalyst0 aEpoxidation of karanja Millettia pinnata oil methyl esters in th  cAPR  a3440 v93 a<p>The synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance of a conceptually simple, novel NbOx-SiO2 catalyst are here described. The niobium(V)-silica catalyst was prepared starting from cheap and viable reactants, by alkaline deposition of NH4Nb(C2O4)(2)H2O in the presence of fructose as a stabilizer and subsequent calcination. The NbOx-SiO2 solid (0.95 Nb wt.%) was tested in the liquid-phase epoxidation with aqueous hydrogen peroxide of methyl oleate, as a model substrate. It was then tested in the epoxidation of a mixture of methyl esters (FAMEs) obtained by transesterification with methanol and purification of karanja oil, extracted from the autochthonous Indian variety of Millettia pinnata tree. The catalyst showed a promising performance in terms of methyl oleate conversion (up to 75%) and selectivity to epoxide (up to 82%). It was then tested on the FAME mixture from karanja oil, where interesting conversion values were attained (up to 70%), although with lower selectivities and yields to the mixture of desired epoxidized FAMEs. The solid withstood four catalytic cycles overall, during which a non-negligible surface reorganization of the Nb(V) sites was observed. However, this restructuring did not negatively affect the performance of the catalysts in terms of conversion or selectivity.</p>
10aepoxidation10afatty acid methyl esters10aheterogeneous catalysis10aHydrogen peroxide10akaranja oil10amesoporous silica catalyst10aMillettia pinnata10aniobium catalysts1 aScotti, Nicola1 aRavasio, Nicoletta1 aEvangelisti, Claudio1 aPsaro, Rinaldo1 aPenso, Michele1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aGuidotti, Matteo  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/epoxidation-karanja-millettia-pinnata-oil-methyl-esters-presence-hydrogen-peroxide-over02142nas a2200217   4500008004100000245011500041210006900156260000800225300000900233490000700242520135700249100002401606700002501630700002501655700002801680700002201708700001801730700002201748700002301770856013101793       2020                        eng d00aCarbon supported size-controlled ru catalysts for selective levulinic acid hydrogenation into γ-valerolactone0 aCarbon supported sizecontrolled ru catalysts for selective levul  cJAN  a5-160 v133 a<p>Liquid phase levulinic acid hydrogenation into γ-valerolactone in 1,4-dioxane as a solvent (165°C, 20 bar) was studied over a range of Ru monometallic catalysts using mesoporous carbon material Sibunit as a support. In addition to the catalyst prepared by impregnation with RuCl<sub>3</sub>∙nH<sub>2</sub>O (0.1 M) followed by reduction in H<sub>2</sub>, size-controlled Ru(NPs)/Sibunit catalysts were synthesized by immobilization of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized Ru nanoparticles (NPs) (d<sub>Ru</sub>=2.4 nm). Сarbon supported colloidal Ru NPs were not studied earlier in levulinic acid hydrogenation. Activity of colloidal Ru(NPs)/Sibunit catalysts was found to be lower than that of impregnated Ru/Sibunit which could be attributed to hampering effect of PVP. However, colloidal Ru(NPs)/Sibunit purified by thermal treatment in air (180°C) followed by reduction in H<sub>2</sub> (400°C) exhibited the same activity as impregnated one yielding 93% γ-valerolactone at 100% levulinic acid conversion. Applicability of supported PVP-assisted colloidal Ru NPs in hydrogenation of levulinic acid illustrates a potential to prepare more efficient catalysts for this reaction with a desired particle size. The catalysts were characterized by TEM, XRF, and N<sub>2</sub> physisorption to compare their physical chemical properties.</p>
1 aSimakova, Irina, L.1 aDemidova, Yuliya, S.1 aSimonov, Mikhail, N.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aDevi, Nandini1 aDhepe, Paresh, L.1 aMurzin, Dmitry, Yu  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/carbon-supported-size-controlled-ru-catalysts-selective-levulinic-acid-hydrogenation-%CE%B301325nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245015900055210006900214260000800283300001400291490000700305520042200312653000600734653001900740653002500759653002100784653001900805653003400824653001300858100002200871700002800893700002200921856012800943       2020                        eng d  a0922-616800aSynthesis of ethyl furfuryl ether (potential biofuel) by etherification of furfuryl alcohol with ethanol over heterogenized reusable H1Cs2PW12O40 catalyst0 aSynthesis of ethyl furfuryl ether potential biofuel by etherific  cAPR  a2309-23250 v463 a<p>{Ethyl furfuryl ether (EFE) considered as potential biofuel can replace petroleum diesel up to 100%. EFE also has efficient blending properties with biodiesel to improve its cold flow properties. Herein we demonstrate efficient synthesis of EFE by etherification of renewable furfuryl alcohol (FAlc) with ethanol over heterogenized heteropoly acids. Cs-exchanged heterogenized heteropoly acid (H3-xCsxPW12O40</p>
10aB10aetherification10aEthyl furfuryl ether10aFurfuryl alcohol10aH3-xCsxPW12O4010aHeterogenized heteropoly acid10aL ration1 aMulik, Nagesh, L.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-ethyl-furfuryl-ether-potential-biofuel-etherification-furfuryl-alcohol-ethanol02159nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260000800221300001200229490000700241520129500248653001801543653001801561653001301579653002301592653001801615653001101633100002401644700002401668700002601692700002801718700002201746856012501768       2021                        eng d  a0272-635100aActive nickel hollow nanosphere supported over SiO2 catalyst for reduction of nitro compound0 aActive nickel hollow nanosphere supported over SiO2 catalyst for  cAPR  a325-3350 v403 a<p>
	Nickel hollow nanospheres (Ni HNSs) was prepared by solvothermal method using mixture of ethylenediamine (EN) and ethanol (ET), sodium borohydride as reducing agent and nickel chloride hexahydrate as precursor. The particle size of the Ni HNSs were tuned by varying several parameters including precursor concentrations, reaction temperatures (130-190 degrees C), and ET to EN volume ratios. The particle size and morphology of Ni HNSs were confirmed by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope, respectively. Spherical shape of Ni nanoparticles of 300 nm size having similar to 200 nm hollow space and 50 nm thickness was achieved at optimize condition of 4:6 volume ratio of ET/EN, 150 degrees C temperature, 0.1 M NaBH4 concentration, and 7 h. Ni HNSs supported over SiO2 (Ni HNSs/SiO2) with different loading of Ni HNSs (1-10 wt.%) were prepared by impregnation method. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectroscopy. The catalytic performance of Ni HNSs/SiO2 was carried out in the reduction of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4 - Aminophenol (4-AP). 5 wt.% Ni HNSs/SiO2 exhibited 87% reduction of 4-NP in 25 min and stable up to 6 catalyst cycles due to higher surface area of the catalyst.</p>
10a4-Aminophenol10a4-nitrophenol10aCatalyst10ahollow nanospheres10aNanoparticles10aNickel1 aPawar, Priyanka, S.1 aLokhande, Aboli, A.1 aNandanwar, Sachin, U.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/active-nickel-hollow-nanosphere-supported-over-sio2-catalyst-reduction-nitro-compound01822nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245016400055210006900219260000900288300001400297490000600311520097800317653001501295653001801310653001401328653001801342653001001360100001801370700002401388700001801412700002201430856012801452       2021                        eng d  a2365-654900aEffect of rice husk particle size on ZSM-5 physico-chemical properties for selective formation of 1,3,5-trimethyl-2-benzylbenzene (Pharmaceutical Intermediate)0 aEffect of rice husk particle size on ZSM5 physicochemical proper  cFEB   a1255-12620 v63 a<p>Rice husk, rich in silica and abundantly available as waste, is presently destroyed by burning, which creates environmental issues. Thus, it will be advantageous if this rice husk waste can be used for preparation of valuable products. One of the application is its use as silica source in the synthesis of zeolites like ZSM-5, which are silico-aluminates. Rice husk waste is available in wide range of particle sizes in agricultural farms. There is no study available in open literature on use of these wide particle ranges for its direct application. This paper is an attempt to use wide particle size rice husk, its effect on ZSM-5 synthesis and its physico-chemical properties. Further these prepared ZSM-5 catalyst was evaluated for benzylation of mesitylene reaction. The study found that, rice husk of 600 mu m particle size is optimum as far as ZSM-5 synthesis, its physicochemical properties and further its application in mesitylene benzylation reaction.</p>
10aMesitylene10aParticle size10arice husk10aSilica Source10aZSM-51 aGhuge, Gorakh1 aNiphadkar, Prashant1 aRathod, Simmy1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-rice-husk-particle-size-zsm-5-physico-chemical-properties-selective-formation-13502121nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189260000800258300001100266490000700277520120900284653001501493653001501508653001101523653000801534653001901542653002301561653001001584100002401594700002801618700002601646700002001672700002201692856012901714       2021                        eng d  a1944-744200aMilder operating parameters for one-step conversion of fructose to levulinic acid over sulfonated H-beta zeolite in aqueous media0 aMilder operating parameters for onestep conversion of fructose t  cJAN  ae135300 v403 a<p>The sulfonated H-beta zeolite was successfully prepared and used for the synthesis of levulinic acid (LA) fromD-fructose. The catalyst was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, N-2 physisorption, NH3-temperature programmed desorption and carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-sulfur analysis. The total acid amount is increased with increase in sulfur loading, confirmed that the sulfonic acid group (SO3-H) is successfully grafted onto zeolite structure. The various parameters such as different amount of sulfur loading, reaction temperature, time, catalyst loading was studied for selective production of LA. The catalytic activity of sulfonated H-beta (S-beta) zeolite was found to be efficient for synthesis of LA from D-fructose in aqueous media. Maximum LA yield of 43.5 mol%, low HMF yield (&lt;1%) with 98.15% fructose conversion was obtained with 3% S-beta catalyst at 160 degrees C for 7 hr. The catalyst was reusable for minimum three times by H2O2 regeneration. This study provides the new zeolitic catalyst for the efficient production of LA at shorter reaction time (7 hr) and low catalyst to substrate ratio (0.7:1).</p>
10aconversion10aD-fructose10aH-beta10aHMF10alevulinic acid10asulfonated zeolite10ayield1 aBisen, Swapneel, K.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aNandanwar, Sachin, U.1 aSimakova, Irina1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/milder-operating-parameters-one-step-conversion-fructose-levulinic-acid-over-sulfonated-h02017nas a2200265   4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260000800242300001100250490000700261520119700268653001501465653001501480653000901495653000801504653001901512653002301531653001001554100002401564700002801588700002601616700002001642700002201662856006701684       2021                        eng d00aMilder operating parameters for one-step conversion of fructose to levulinic acid over sulfonated H-β zeolite in aqueous media0 aMilder operating parameters for onestep conversion of fructose t  cFEB  ae135300 v403 aAbstract The sulfonated H-β zeolite was successfully prepared and used for the synthesis of levulinic acid (LA) from D-fructose. The catalyst was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, N2 physisorption, NH3-temperature programmed desorption and carbon–hydrogen–nitrogen–sulfur analysis. The total acid amount is increased with increase in sulfur loading, confirmed that the sulfonic acid group (SO3-H) is successfully grafted onto zeolite structure. The various parameters such as different amount of sulfur loading, reaction temperature, time, catalyst loading was studied for selective production of LA. The catalytic activity of sulfonated H-β (S-β) zeolite was found to be efficient for synthesis of LA from D-fructose in aqueous media. Maximum LA yield of 43.5 mol%, low HMF yield (<1%) with 98.15% fructose conversion was obtained with 3% S-β catalyst at 160°C for 7 hr. The catalyst was reusable for minimum three times by H2O2 regeneration. This study provides the new zeolitic catalyst for the efficient production of LA at shorter reaction time (7 hr) and low catalyst to substrate ratio (0.7:1).10aconversion10aD-fructose10aH-β10aHMF10alevulinic acid10asulfonated zeolite10ayield1 aBisen, Swapneel, K.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aNandanwar, Sachin, U.1 aSimakova, Irina1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ep.1353002265nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260000900269300001200278490000700290520153100297100002901828700002201857700001801879700002001897700002201917856013201939       2021                        eng d  a0887-062400aOne-pot cascade conversion of renewable furfural to levulinic acid over a bifunctional H3PW12O40SiO2 catalyst in the absence of external H-20 aOnepot cascade conversion of renewable furfural to levulinic aci  cJAN   a539-5450 v353 a<p>The conversion of biomass-derived furfural (FUR) to levulinic acid (LA), a versatile platform chemical, involves catalytic hydrogenation of FUR followed by acid hydrolysis to LA. However, this two-step process demands expensive separation and purification of the furfuryl alcohol (FAL) intermediate. Herein, we demonstrate an ingenious catalytic strategy for the one-pot cascade conversion of FUR to LA over a bifunctional catalyst without using pure external H-2. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) served a dual role as a hydrogen donor and solvent while inhibiting the side reactions. Catalysts with a tunable surface area and acidity were synthesized by impregnating different percentages of H3PW12O40 (heteropolyacid) over a SiO2 support. The bifunctionality of the H3PW12O40/SiO2 catalyst is ascribed to the mutual coexistence of Lewis and Brvinsted acid sites. The Lewis acid sites imparted by active W metal sites adsorb hydrogen proton for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of FUR to FAL, while the predominant Brvinsted acid sites catalyze the hydrolysis of FAL to LA. Consequently, H3PW12O40/SiO2 revealed to be a potential catalyst producing an similar to 51% LA yield under optimized reaction conditions. Moreover, the catalyst was found to be reusable for three catalytic cycles. This study paves the way to develop future biorefinery, particularly direct conversion of FUR to LA over a bifunctional catalyst with a liquid H-donor, in an environmentally benign manner and comply with the green chemistry principles.</p>
1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aVishwakarma, Mona1 aRathod, Simmy1 aSimakova, Irina1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/one-pot-cascade-conversion-renewable-furfural-levulinic-acid-over-bifunctional-h3pw12o40sio202028nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260000800247520122800255653001701483653001701500653002801517653002301545653002401568100002601592700001801618700002001636700002201656856013201678       2021                        eng d  a1011-372X00aReview on selective production of acetophenone from oxidation of ethylbenzene over heterogeneous catalysts in a decade0 aReview on selective production of acetophenone from oxidation of  cJAN3 a<p>The consumption of acetophenone (AP) is increasing worldwide because of its applications in products such as alcohol, aldehydes, resins, esters, fragrances, and pharmaceuticals. AP is manufactured via several methods like decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide, Hock process, and Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction using homogeneous catalysts with solvent and oxidant. However, it causes several environmental problems that deteriorate the production of AP with these methods. Oxidation of ethylbenzene (EB) is one of the promising methods to synthesize AP in liquid and vapor phases reaction using heterogeneous catalysts, which plays a vital role for selective production of AP. In this review, numerous heterogeneous catalysts are discussed including transition metal nanoparticles, transition metal complexes, and metal free catalysts (carbon nanotubes) used in last 10 years for oxidation of EB. Additionally, catalyst activity along with reaction parameters and its effect, mechanisms, and kinetics study are summarized in this article. The future scope of this reaction is also highlighted. Moreover, this work identifies best catalysts for bulk production of AP with high yield to satisfy global requirement.</p>
10aacetophenone10aethylbenzene10aHeterogeneous catalysts10aOxidation reaction10areaction mechanisms1 aNandanwar, Sachin, U.1 aRathod, Simmy1 aBansal, Videsha1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/review-selective-production-acetophenone-oxidation-ethylbenzene-over-heterogeneous-catalysts02252nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149260000800218300001500226490000600241520142600247653001401673653001901687653002101706653001101727653000901738653001001747653001101757100002301768700002801791700002201819700002601841856011901867       2022                        eng d  a2365-654900aCatalytic activity of CuFe2O4 spinel oxide for liquid-phase oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol0 aCatalytic activity of CuFe2O4 spinel oxide for liquidphase oxida  cFEB  ae2021044410 v73 a<p>
	CuFe2O4 spinel oxide catalyst was synthesized by sol-gel and co-precipitation methods for liquid phase oxidation of Cinnamyl alcohol (CnOH) to Cinnamaldehydes (CnHO) using tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidising agent. Spinel oxide catalyst was characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), N-2 adsorption-desorption, BET surface area, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to understand the structural, physical properties and oxidation state of the catalyst. The result shows that catalyst prepared by sol-gel method was found higher surface area and smaller crystalline size than co-precipitation method. XPS data confirm the formation of Cu2+ in the spinel which helps to improve the catalytic activity of oxidation. This reaction follows radical mechanism, and exhibited 76.7 % of CnOH conversion and 68.4 % of CnHO, and 24.8 % benzaldehyde (benzald) selectivity using TBHP at 60 degrees C. Kinetic data reveal that 41.2 kJ/mol of activation energy for the reaction. The higher activity of spinel oxide catalyst could be due synergetic effect of spinel (88 %) and oxides (12 %) formed in the catalyst, which helps to provide the oxygen during reaction. The contribution of Cu2+ is higher in sol-gel than co-precipitation, which may provide the better reactivity of catalyst. This work helps to select the effective and cost-effective catalyst for the oxidation of CnOH.</p>
10aCatalysts10aCinnamaldehyde10aCinnamyl Alcohol10aCupper10airon10aoxide10aspinel1 aDange, Rutvija, M.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aNandanwar, Sachin, U.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/catalytic-activity-cufe2o4-spinel-oxide-liquid-phase-oxidation-cinnamyl-alcohol01889nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131260000800200300001500208490000600223520109100229653001301320653002101333653001101354653001101365653000801376653000901384100002301393700002301416700002801439700002201467700002601489856010801515       2022                        eng d  a2365-654900aMethanol-to-light olefins reaction using Zn-Ag modified SSZ-13 catalyst0 aMethanoltolight olefins reaction using ZnAg modified SSZ13 catal  cSEP  ae2022014760 v73 a<p>
	The 2 wt.% of Zn and Ag (Zn1-x-Ag-x; x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6 %) modified SSZ-13 (SZ-13) zeolite was prepared by wet-impregnation method, and its catalytic activity was demonstrated for methanol-to-olefin (MTO). The Zn-0.6-Ag-0.4/SZ-13 catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity due to change in properties of catalyst. The Zn particles were highly dispersed inside the SZ-13; while Ag particles were dispersed on the surface of SZ-13, confirmed by HRTEM and surface area. The small % of Ag over SZ-13 promotes ethylene production via aromatization of reaction, and highly dispersed Zn on SZ-13 help to produce stable ethylene and propylene. The Zn-0.6-Ag-0.4/SZ-13 catalyst showed (similar to 10 %) higher light olefin (87 %) selectivity than parent SZ-13 as well as mono metal incorporated SZ-13. The higher catalytic activity was attributed due to effect of both metals (Zn and Ag), where Ag promotes partial aromatization on the surface, and Zn increases the Lewis acidity in the zeolite pore. This catalyst can help to improve the selectivity of light olefin using MTO reaction.</p>
10aEthylene10aMethanol-to-Olef10aPropyl10aSilver10aSSZ10azinc1 aDange, Rutvija, M.1 aGawali, Chirag, B.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aNandanwar, Sachin, U.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/methanol-light-olefins-reaction-using-zn-ag-modified-ssz-13-catalyst02994nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245013500055210006900190260000800259300001400267490000700281520202800288653003002316653002102346653001602367653002802383653002002411653002702431653002402458100002302482700002302505700001902528700002202547700002902569856011802598       2023                        eng d  a1877-264100aDirect conversion of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine to N-containing heterocyclic compounds 3-acetamidofuran and 3-acetamido-5-acetyl Furan0 aDirect conversion of Nacetyldglucosamine to Ncontaining heterocy  cDEC  a4201-42140 v143 a<p>
	Purpose Effectual waste utilization from plant as well as marine biomass has gained tremendous importance with reference to sustainability. The valorization of marine biomass produces value added compounds containing not only C, H, O but also renewable N atom in the skeleton which widens the scope for its exploration which may prove to be economically beneficial to the society. Heterogeneous catalytic transformation of marine biomass i.e. N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) to N-substituted aromatic heterocyclic furan derivatives is reported for the very first time. Cost effective and stable metal oxide catalysts were deployed for the transformation. Catalyst screening study showed that La2O3 was found to be an excellent catalyst for N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) dehydration which mainly produced 3-acetamidofuran (3AF). Methods The physicochemical properties of the metal oxide catalyst were investigated by various techniques such as XRD, FTIR, MeOH-FTIR, TPD, SEM, N-2 sorption studies and HR-TEM analysis for structure activity relationship. Results The effect of various reaction parameters such as catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and solvent effect on dehydration of N-acetyl glucosamine has been studied in detail for higher yields. The results revealed that the presence of weak basic sites which are Bronsted in nature and nano pores present on the surface were responsible for improved dehydration of the chitin biomass to selectively yield 3-acetamidofuran (3AF). La2O3 catalyst showed optimum 50% 3AF yield from N-acetyl glucosamine at 180 degrees C in 3 h. Conclusion Efficacious exploitation of marine biomass to value added chemicals using heterogeneous catalysts can be extensively exploited. Separation of N-substituted heterocyclic aromatics is the most innovative aspect of the current study. Thus, utilization of heterogeneous catalyst and renewable biomass as a raw material indicates a transition towards more sustainable and greener approach.{GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT</p>
10a3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran10a3-acetamidofuran10adehydration10aheterogeneous catalysis10aLanthanum oxide10aN-acetyl-D-glucosamine10arenewable feedstock1 aShaikh, Samrin, S.1 aPatil, Chetana, R.1 aLucas, Nishita1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aRode, Chandrashekhar, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/direct-conversion-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine-n-containing-heterocyclic-compounds-302028nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260000800222300001400230490000700244520137000251100002401621700002801645700002201673700002601695856012501721       2023                        eng d  a0021-956800aEquilibrium adsorption of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon on silver-exchanged hierarchical ETS-100 aEquilibrium adsorption of nitrogen oxygen and argon on silverexc  cJUL  a2159-21720 v683 a<p>
	Silver-exchanged hierarchical ETS-10(Ag-H-ETS-10) was synthesizedusing Ag+ exchange with hierarchical Engelhard titanosilicate(H-ETS-10) using silver nitrate solution. The physical propertiesof the adsorbent were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), BETsurface area, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, pore volume,energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and high resolution-transmissionelectron microscopy (HR-TEM). N-2 physisorption data confirmedthat a micro-mesoporous (bimodal) structure was created in the Ag-H-ETS-10.The equilibrium adsorbent data of pure gases N-2, O-2, and Ar were investigated in the temperature range from 288to 318 K up to 10 bar. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of Ag-H-ETS-10was found to be 1.12 mmol g(-1) for N-2,0.87 mmol g(-1) for O-2, and 1.09 mmol g(-1) for Ar at 298 K and &amp; SIM;10 bar. &amp; SIM;20% higheradsorption capacity was found for N-2 and Ar in Ag-H-ETS-10compared to Ag-ETS-10. The higher sorption capacity was attributedto the formation of a bimodal structure and &amp; pi;-complexation interactionby the Ag cation, which allows a multilayer of N-2 and Armolecules. The Sips isotherm model was well fitted for the Ag-H-ETS-10experimental data among Langmuir, Freundlich, Toth, and Temkin models.The measured equilibrium adsorption data for Ag-H-ETS-10 can be usefulfor the O-2 purification process.</p>
1 aShrotri, Aadesh, R.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aNandanwar, Sachin, U.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/equilibrium-adsorption-nitrogen-oxygen-and-argon-silver-exchanged-hierarchical-ets-1001912nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260000800269490000700277520108600284653001301370653004401383653002501427653001001452100002401462700002801486700002601514700002201540856013201562       2024                        eng d  a1944-744200aEffect of CTMABr/SiO2 molar ratio in synthesis of micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 composite and its application in 5-EMF (biofuel additive) formation0 aEffect of CTMABrSiO2 molar ratio in synthesis of micromesoporous  cJAN0 v433 a<p>Synthesis of micro-mesoporous zeolite composite with optimum micro and mesoporosity is an emerging research area due to its wide applications, especially in bulk chemical or biomass transformations. It offers advantages in preserving zeolite crystallinity, creating mesoporosity and converting bulky molecules into valuable products. This work presents the process of preparing bimodal micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 using dual templates (CTMABr and TPABr). XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, TEM, Si-29, and Al-27 NMR were used to analyze the two-dimensional micro-mesoporous ZSM-5. One-step synthesis of bimodal micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 features dual micro/mesoporosity by a marginal decrease in the crystallinity (71%). Micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 composite was found to be dependent on the optimum CTMABr/SiO2 molar ratio of 0.04 to 0.06. The micro-mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite composite was evaluated for cascade synthesis of 5-EMF (methoxymethyl furfural- biofuel additive) from fructose and exhibited a five fold increase in 5-EMF yield to 24.2% as compared with parent ZSM-5 (4.6%).</p>
10afructose10amethoxymethyl furfural-biofuel additive10amicro-meso composite10aZSM-51 aManal, Prajakta, N.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aNandanwar, Sachin, U.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-ctmabrsio2-molar-ratio-synthesis-micro-mesoporous-zsm-5-composite-and-its-application02358nas a2200313   4500008004100000022001400041245014700055210006900202260000900271300001200280490000800292520132300300653001501623653001101638653001601649653001201665653000801677653001501685100002201700700002401722700002301746700002001769700002801789700002101817700002601838700002201864700002601886856013201912       2025                        eng d  a1226-086X00aBinderless low silica X zeolite for methane separation from binary CO2/CH4 biogas stream: A comprehensive experimental and computational study0 aBinderless low silica X zeolite for methane separation from bina  cSEP   a705-7190 v1493 a<p>
	This study presents the synthesis of binderless Na-LSX (B-Na-LSX) and binderless NaK-LSX (B-NaK-LSX). XRD, SEM, EDS, and N-2 physisorption were used for characterization of samples. Computational modelling of prepared sorbent was performed for the fundamental understanding of zeolite topology and adsorption behaviour. The breakthrough experiments are used to evaluate the adsorption capacities on CO2/CH4 (40/60 vol%) binary biogas stream. The results were compared with commercial Na-LSX (C-Na-LSX). The breakthrough adsorption capacity of B-Na-LSX was 3.08 mmol g(-1) and 0.29 mmol g(-1) of CO2 and CH4, respectively, at 300 K and 1 bar. CO2 sorption capacity of B-Na-LSX was similar to 11 % and similar to 17 % higher than B-NaK-LSX (2.77 mmol g(-1)) and C-Na-LSX (2.56 mmol g(-1)), respectively. DFT study reveals that the higher adsorption of CO2 over CH4 was attributed to higher charge transfer from CO2 to zeolite framework. Dual-bed six-step Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) was performed on B-Na-LSX at 6 bar. similar to 232 cycles were run with above 98 % of CH4 purity and similar to 74 % of recovery. The life-cycle test of sorbent was studied. It was implied that the designed sorbent is effective to produce the high purity of CH4 and can be utilized for a longer period for CH4 production.</p>
10aBinderless10aBiogas10aLSX zeolite10amethane10aPSA10aSeparation1 aYadav, Tushar, R.1 aShrotri, Aadesh, R.1 aKate, Pranjali, N.1 aDevasia, George1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aMali, Nilesh, A.1 aKrishnamurty, Sailaja1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aNandanwar, Sachin, U.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/binderless-low-silica-x-zeolite-methane-separation-binary-co2ch4-biogas-stream-comprehensive01947nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245013800055210006900193260000800262300000700270490000800277520104200285653002901327653002001356653002901376653002401405100002501429700002001454700002201474700002801496700002301524700002201547856012401569       2025                        eng d  a0974-362600aInfluence of physicochemical properties of seed on template-free ferrierite synthesis and its application in oleic acid isomerization0 aInfluence of physicochemical properties of seed on templatefree   cJUL  a620 v1373 a<p>
	We have reported an effective, seed-assisted organic structure directing agent (OSDA) free synthesis of ferrierite (FER) zeolites. In the current study, we have observed effects of physicochemical properties of two different seeds over synthesis of FER zeolites. The physicochemical properties of seeds, such as particle size and phase purity impart significantly over crystallization time and overall synthesis duration, costs of process and crystalline nature of FER zeolites. It is noteworthy that particle size of seed mainly affects the kinetics of crystallization for concerned FER zeolites. The synthesized zeolites were well characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR, EDAX and BET surface area analyser to get more insights. We also evaluated, the catalytic activity of synthesized FER zeolites in oleic acid isomerization study to derive branched-chain fatty acids formation and attempted their structure and catalytic activity relationship with respect to purity of phases in seed.</p>
10acrystallization kinetics10aFerrierite seed10aoleic acid isomerization10aOSDA-free synthesis1 aPatil, Shrinidhi, D.1 aMohanty, Ananya1 aKudalkar, Mahadev1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aBhatte, Kushal, D.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/influence-physicochemical-properties-seed-template-free-ferrierite-synthesis-and-its02006nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260000800222300001400230490000700244520120700251100001701458700001801475700002301493700002101516700002301537700002401560700002201584700001601606700001801622856012401640       2026                        eng d  a2044-475300aDirect conversion of methane to formic acid over Au-Fe-NaZSM-5 at ambient pressure using H2O20 aDirect conversion of methane to formic acid over AuFeNaZSM5 at a  cMAR  a1797-18050 v163 a<p>
	Direct conversion of methane to value-added products is a long-standing challenge. This report presents the one-step conversion of methane to oxygenates using H2O2 as an oxidant over an Au and Fe supported on NaZSM-5 (0.1Au0.1FeNZ) catalyst, which produces 4264 mu mol of oxygenates with 89% selectivity toward formic acid at 10 bar and 60 degrees C within 30 min in a batch process. The catalyst also produces 26.5 mu mol of oxygenates with 70% selectivity for formic acid at atmospheric pressure and 80 degrees C in a continuous flow process over 9 h of reaction time, making it the first report of such a process. The synergistic interaction of Au and Fe, with the crucial role of Na ions in the zeolite framework in driving the reaction, is revealed through various characterization tools like TEM, XPS, and XAS. Theoretical studies elucidate the active sites responsible for lowering the activation barrier for the crucial C-H activation step. Thus, the catalyst enables the conversion of methane into formic acid with high activity and selectivity, offering new possibilities for harnessing this potent greenhouse gas under process-friendly conditions that were previously unexplored.</p>
1 aKumar, Pawan1 aAhangar, Iqra1 aKesarwani, Srishti1 aUrkude, Rajashri1 aPatil, Nita, A. R.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aHaider, Ali1 aVinod, C., P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/direct-conversion-methane-formic-acid-over-au-fe-nazsm-5-ambient-pressure-using-h2o2