01721nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245017000055210006900225260007300294300001200367490000800379520086100387653001501248653001901263653001901282653001301301653001601314100002201330700002401352856012701376       2008                        eng d  a1381-116900aHeteropolyacid supported on acidic clay: a novel efficient catalyst for alkylation of ethylbenzene with dilute ethanol to diethylbenzene in presence of C-8 aromatics0 aHeteropolyacid supported on acidic clay a novel efficient cataly  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAPR  a155-1610 v2853 a<p>Vapor phase alkylation of ethylbenzene with ethanol to diethylbenzene is industrially relevant. Diethylbenzene is an important raw material for the conversion of divinyl benzene monomer. Conventionally, it is prepared from diacetophenone by reduction. It is also prepared by vapor phase alkylation of ethylbenzene with ethylene using zeolitic catalysts. The efficacy of dodecatungsotphosphoric acid (DTPA) supported on acid treated clay has been evaluated in the current work in the alkylation of ethylbenzene with 80% (w/w) ethanol. 15% (w/w) DTPA/K-10 clay was found to be an efficient and robust catalyst. The use of aqueous ethanol and a mixed C-8 stream lowers the cost of production. A kinetic model is developed by studying the important process parameters with 15% (w/w) DTPA/K-10 as the catalyst. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAlkylation10adiethylbenzene10aHeteropolyacid10akinetics10aSolid acids1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aYadav, Ganapati, D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/heteropolyacid-supported-acidic-clay-novel-efficient-catalyst-alkylation-ethylbenzene-000539nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245004700055210004400102260007100146300001400217490000700231100002400238700002600262700001800288856007500306       2009                        eng d  a0888-588500aFestschrift in Honor of Dr. B. D. Kulkarni0 aFestschrift in Honor of Dr B D Kulkarni  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcNOV  a9355-93560 v481 aYadav, Ganapati, D.1 aJayaraman, Valadi, K.1 aRavikumar, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/festschrift-honor-dr-b-d-kulkarni-002149nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184260007100253300001400324490000700338520147300345100002201818700002401840856012701864       2009                        eng d  a0888-588500aTransesterification of edible and nonedible vegetable oils with alcohols over heteropolyacids supported on acid-treated clay0 aTransesterification of edible and nonedible vegetable oils with   a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcNOV  a9408-94150 v483 a<p>In the current work, the novelty of heteropolyacid on clay (K-10) for the transesterification of vegetable oil with lower and higher alcohols is presented. Methyl esters (biodiesel) and glycerol were produced by the transesterification of vegetable oil with methanol in the presence of dodecatungestophosphoric acid (DTPA) supported on K-10 clay. The transesterification consists of three consecutive reversible reactions Diglycerides (DG) and monoglycerides (MG) are intermediate products. The optimal catalyst concentration was 5% w/w of oil. Detailed studies were done for optimization of the process parameters. The rate of transesterification in a batch reactor increased with temperature up to 170 degrees C. Higher temperatures did not reduce the time to reach maximum conversion. The study was also extended to reactions of different edible and nonedible oils with lower and higher alcohols. The conversion of TG, DG, and MG seemed to be a second-order mechanism for the forward and reverse reactions, where the reaction system could be described as a pseudo-heterogeneous catalyzed reaction. The reaction rate constants for the TG. DG, and MG transesterification reactions were 0.12-0.84 h(-1) and were higher for the MG reaction than for the TG transesterification. The activation energies were 4.2, 26, and 7.4 kcal/mol for the TG, DG, and MG transesterification reactions, respectively. The proposed kinetic model fits the experimental results well.</p>1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aYadav, Ganapati, D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/transesterification-edible-and-nonedible-vegetable-oils-alcohols-over-heteropolyacids-002036nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245009500055210006900150260007300219300001200292490000700304520125700311653001601568653001601584653001801600653001301618653001901631100002201650700002401672856012201696       2011                        eng d  a0169-131700aHeteropolyacid supported on montmorillonite catalyst for dehydration of dilute bio-ethanol0 aHeteropolyacid supported on montmorillonite catalyst for dehydra  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAUG  a263-2710 v533 a<p>Vapour phase dehydration of dilute bio-ethanol (EtOH) to ethylene (E) and diethyl ether (DEE) is industrially relevant. Ethylene is an important raw material for many petrochemical products and Diethyl ether (DEE) can be used as an alternative fuel. The efficacy of montmorillonite (K-10) and dodecatungestophosphoric acid (DTPA) supported on montmorillonite (DTPA/K-10), has been evaluated in the current work in the dehydration of dilute bio-ethanol (80%m/m). The dehydration of ethanol and cracking of diethyl ether were studied independently. 30% m/m DTPA/K-10 was found to be more active with 74% ethanol conversion and 92% ethylene selectivity at 250 degrees C in comparison with other acid catalysts used. The merit of the process lies in its use of dilute bio-ethanol, a new avenue for ethylene production from a non-petroleum feedstock. Kinetic interpretation has been made by studying the important process parameters by using 30%m/m DTPA/montmorillonite as the catalyst. The mechanism of the dehydration of ethanol reaction suggests that two types of sites are responsible. The dehydration of ethanol and cracking of diethyl ether are second order reactions with weak adsorption of species. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aBio-ethanol10adehydration10aDiethyl ether10aEthylene10aHeteropolyacid1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aYadav, Ganapati, D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/heteropolyacid-supported-montmorillonite-catalyst-dehydration-dilute-bio-ethanol-002157nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245013900055210006900194260007100263300001400334490000700348520147800355100002201833700002401855856012001879       2012                        eng d  a0888-588500aDodecatungstophosphoric acid supported on acidic clay catalyst for disproportionation of ethylbenzene in the presence of C-8 aromatics0 aDodecatungstophosphoric acid supported on acidic clay catalyst f  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcJAN  a1209-12170 v513 a<p>Vapor-phase disproportionation of ethylbenzene (EB) to diethylbenzene (DEB) in a single step is industrially relevant. Diethylbenzene is an important raw material for the conversion of divinylbenzene monomer. Conventionally, it is prepared from diacetophenone by reduction. It is also prepared by vapor-phase alkylation of ethylbenzene with ethylene/ethanol using zeolitic catalysts. In the current work, the efficacy of dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTPA) supported on acid-treated clay has been evaluated in the disproportionation of ethylbenzene. A 20% (w/w) DTPA/K-10 clay catalyst was found to be efficient and robust. An industrial feed having different compositions of ethylbenzene and xylene isomers was used for the experimentation. Hence, they were expected to hinder the movement of reactant molecules on the catalyst surface. It was observed that irrespective of feed composition the concentration of the xylene isomers was intact in the product. There was no other byproduct formation like p-ethylrnethylbenzene. Optimization of process parameters is presented. The effect of varying the concentration of aromatic compounds in the feed on ethylbenzene conversion and product distribution over the plain clay (K-10) and heteropolyacid-loaded clay catalyst have been discussed. The effect of catalyst bed length to inner diameter of reactor (L/D) ratio on the ethylbenzene conversion and selective formation of p-diethylbenzene (p-DEB) are also discussed.</p>1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aYadav, Ganapati, D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/dodecatungstophosphoric-acid-supported-acidic-clay-catalyst-disproportionation-0