01678nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260007300230300001200303490000800315520087100323653002401194653002101218653001501239653002301254653001601277100002201293700002201315856012301337       2006                        eng d  a0378-775300aRole of dopant ions in electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol using conducting polypyrrole electrodes0 aRole of dopant ions in electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol us  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAPR  a157-1600 v1553 a<p>Conducting polypyrrole electrodes obtained by electro-polymerization of pyrrole on vacuum metallized glass substrates are modified by doping with a range of metal halides as dopant ions having different electronegativity. Electro-oxidation of methanol using these electrodes is studied by means of cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M HCiO(4) as supporting electrolyte. It is found that the electronegativity of the dopant ion plays a very important role in the electrocatalytic activity. Polypyrrole doped with zirconium chloride gives the highest anodic current of 10 mA cm(-2) at the oxidation potential of methanol. The results are explained on the basis of the charge-transfer efficiency at the electrode I electrolyte interface, which is associated with the acceptor state created by the dopant in the semi-conducting polymer. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.</p>10aconducting polymers10aelectrocatalysis10afuel cells10aMethanol oxidation10apolypyrrole1 aRadhakrishnan, S.1 aAdhikari, Arindam  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/role-dopant-ions-electrocatalytic-oxidation-methanol-using-conducting-polypyrrole-002324nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189260007300258300001200331490000800343520134700351653001901698653002301717653001401740653002401754653002101778653002201799653002601821100002201847700002501869700002201894700001601916856012601932       2007                        eng d  a0378-775300aHigh-temperature, polymer-graphite hybrid composites for bipolar plates: effect of processing conditions on electrical properties0 aHightemperature polymergraphite hybrid composites for bipolar pl  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJAN  a702-7070 v1633 a<p>High-temperature thermoplastic-graphite composites are prepared using polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and polyether sulfone (PES) containing natural graphite powder. All samples are prepared by high pressure compaction and heating to high temperatures. The effect of a third additional conducting component on the electrical resistance of these composites is studied. A low resistance of the order of 0.1 Omega can be obtained even for a graphite concentration of 50% by addition of the third component. The effect of a mixing/blending technique on the anisotropy of conductivity is investigated. Solution blending of PES with graphite leads to lower anisotropy values than powder mixing and compression moulding. The samples when exposed continuously to a working temperature of 100 degrees C give a small but significant reduction in electrical resistance. X-ray diffraction studies on composites prepared by different techniques indicate that there is restructuring and crystallite re-orientation of the graphite phase in the samples. A large reduction in the crystallite size is observed for samples prepared by solution blending while re-orientation occurs after heat treatment. The changes in electrical properties can be correlated with these structural transformations in the composites. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10abipolar plates10aconducting polymer10afuel cell10agraphite composites10ahybrid materials10apolyether sulfone10apolypherylene sulfide1 aRadhakrishnan, S.1 aRamanujam, B., T. S.1 aAdhikari, Arindam1 aSivaram, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/high-temperature-polymer-graphite-hybrid-composites-bipolar-plates-effect-processing-002275nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245013000055210006900185260006900254300001400323490000800337520136500345653002001710653002001730653000801750653002401758653002301782653001601805653000801821100002201829700002201851700001701873856013101890       2009                        eng d  a0379-677900aInfluence of dopant ions on properties of conducting polypyrrole and its electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation0 aInfluence of dopant ions on properties of conducting polypyrrole  aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcAUG  a1682-16880 v1593 a<p>The polypyrrole (PPy) films were deposited on vacuum metallized substrates by electro-oxidation of pyrrole monomer. These electrodes were then modified with a range of metal halides having different electronegativities. The modified polypyrrole electrodes were employed to investigate electrocatalytic activity towards methanol electrochemical oxidation by means of cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M HClO(4) as supporting electrolyte. It was found that the electronegativity of the dopant ion incorporated in the PPy film governs the electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation. Among different dopant anions used in the present work, the PPy doped with zirconium chloride gave the highest anodic current of 10 mA cm(-2) at the oxidation potential of methanol. Electrical property and the charge created due to doping in the polymers were measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). Electrocatalytic activity of the modified electrodes was correlated with various factors obtained from different polymer characterization experiments. The results were explained on the basis of the charge-transfer efficiency at the electrode I electrolyte interface, which was associated with the acceptor state created by the dopant in the semi-conducting polymer. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10acharge transfer10aelectrocatalyst10aESR10aMetal halide dopant10aMethanol oxidation10apolypyrrole10aXPS1 aAdhikari, Arindam1 aRadhakrishnan, S.1 aPatil, Rahul  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/influence-dopant-ions-properties-conducting-polypyrrole-and-its-electrocatalytic-activity-001863nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245012200055210006900177260007600246300001200322490000800334520098100342653002001323653002301343653001101366653002101377653001701398653001601415653001401431100002201445700002201467856013201489       2011                        eng d  a0021-899500aDopant induced effect on electrocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene using conducting polypyrrole thin film electrodes0 aDopant induced effect on electrocatalytic reduction of nitrobenz  aCOMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcAPR  a719-7240 v1203 a<p>Conducting polypyrrole electrodes were prepared by electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole on vacuum-metallized glass substrates. These electrodes were modified by doping with a range of metal halides as dopant ions having different electronegativity. Electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene using these electrodes was studied by means of cyclic voltammetry technique in acetonitrile medium containing aqueous HClO(4) (0.1M) as supporting electrolyte. It was found that the electronegativity of the dopant ion played a very important role in the electrocatalytic activity. Polypyrrole doped with nickel chloride gave the highest anodic current at the reduction potential of nitrobenzene. The results were explained on the basis of charge transfer efficiency at the electrode-electrolyte interface, which was associated with the acceptor state created by the dopant in the semi-conducting polymer. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 719-724, 2011</p>10acharge transfer10aconducting polymer10aDoping10aelectrocatalysis10anitrobenzene10apolypyrrole10areduction1 aAdhikari, Arindam1 aRadhakrishnan, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/dopant-induced-effect-electrocatalytic-reduction-nitrobenzene-using-conducting-polypyrrole-002353nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245013300055210006900188260006700257300001400324490000800338520147800346653003401824653002401858653001401882653002501896653001501921100002201936700002201958700001601980856012701996       2012                        eng d  a0021-899500aEffect of the surface roughness of conducting polypyrrole thin-film electrodes on the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene0 aEffect of the surface roughness of conducting polypyrrole thinfi  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcAUG  a1875-18810 v1253 a<p>Conducting polypyrrole (PPy) thin-film electrodes were prepared by the electropolymerization of pyrrole on gold-coated glass plates. Films of various roughnesses were obtained by the variation of the scan rates during electropolymerization. These thin films were modified by doping with 6mM of the dopant NiCl2. The surface morphology of the films was studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which suggested films prepared with a high scan rate were rougher in nature than the films produced with a low scan rate. The electrocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene was carried out with these electrodes with the cyclic voltammetry technique in acetonitrile containing 0.1M HClO4 as a supporting electrolyte. The various results obtained show that the conducting PPy thin-film electrodes were catalytically active toward the electroreduction process. The modified PPy film electrodes doped with NiCl2 were more active toward nitrobenzene electroreduction than the PPy film alone. The results indicate that the roughness of the films played a very important role in determining their catalytic activity. The PPy films that were more rough in nature were catalytically more active than the smooth films; this may have been due to the availability of more reactive sites in the case of rough films. The apparent diffusion coefficients of the PPy film electrodes were also calculated. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012</p>10aatomic force microscopy (AFM)10aconducting polymers10aDiffusion10asurface modification10aThin films1 aAdhikari, Arindam1 aRadhakrishnan, S.1 aVijayan, M.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-surface-roughness-conducting-polypyrrole-thin-film-electrodes-electrocatalytic-0