02812nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245009500055210006900150260013500219300000900354490000700363520185400370653001702224653001502241653002602256653001802282653001802300100002402318700002502342700002002367700001902387700003402406856011802440       2011                        eng d  a1347-946600aModeling & simulation of micro reactor with nitration of 2-methyl-4,6 dihydroxy-pyrimidine0 aModeling simulation of micro reactor with nitration of 2methyl46  aC/O JAPAN EXPLOSIVES INDUSTRY ASSOC, ICHIJOJI BLDG., 2-3-22 AZABUDAI, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 106-0041, JAPANbJAPAN EXPLOSIVES SOCcJAN  a9-200 v723 a<p>Nitration of 2-methyl-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine (MDP) using concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid as nitrating mixture is a highly exothermic and hazardous reaction. Conducting such reaction in a batch reactor follow an unsteady state and its trajectory depends on various important parameters such as initial reactor temperature, initial composition of reaction mass, temperature of circulating coolant, etc. However, over all productivity, process control and safety of the batch process is highly restricted due to lower surface to volume ratio. In the present work, an effort has been made to over come the limitations of batch reactor by using the novel micro reactor device. Micro reactor is having extremely high surface to volume ratio, which has been explored to carry out nitration of MDP both numerically as well as experimentally and the results were compared with conventional batch reactor. The micro reaction system has been modeled using two dimensional (2-D) heat flow and mass transfer equations. The kinetic rate equation for nitration of MDP has evaluated experimentally by differential method which is used in modeling of the micro reactor. The numerical results from the 2-D model for conversion and temperature profile along the length and radius of micro reactor have been compared with corresponding results obtained from batch reactor. In order to validate the model, several experiments were conducted in micro reactor set-up with the variation of flow rate, residence time, concentration, temperature, etc. The experimental results from micro reactor revealed that nitration of MDP takes place even at much lower concentration and lower residence time with better control of temperature profile. Also, the reaction takes place in laminar region compared to turbulent region in corresponding batch reactor setup.</p>10a2-D modeling10a2-methyl-410a6 dihydroxypyrimidine10aBatch reactor10amicro reactor1 aMandal, Alok, Kumar1 aPandey, Raj, Kishore1 aAsthana, Nandan1 aKulkarni, Amol1 aKulkarni, Bhaskar, Dattatraya  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/modeling-simulation-micro-reactor-nitration-2-methyl-46-dihydroxy-pyrimidine-002218nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260007100233300001400304490000700318520141300325100002401738700002201762700002501784700002301809700002401832700003401856856012201890       2012                        eng d  a1083-616000aPreparation of spherical particles of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) using a micellar nanoreactor0 aPreparation of spherical particles of 11diamino22dinitroethene F  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcNOV  a1711-17160 v163 a<p>The need and preparation of spherical 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) particles to meet certain special applications in high explosives and propellant formulation have been illustrated. Preparation of spherical FOX-7 particles by using a microemulsion technique has not been reported in the literature. In the present study, the preparation of spherical FOX-7 particles has been described using the novel concept of a micelle-based nanoreactor. Micelle-based nanoreactors have been prepared using a microemulsion of Triton X-100, cyclohexane, and water. Formation of spherical FOX-7 particles in the reverse micelle reactors have been described in the subsequent sections of this article. It is observed that spherical particles of FOX-7 are formed within 2 h in the microemulsion media. Analysis of the experimental results revealed that the particle size and shape of FOX-7 can be varied by changing the water/surfactant molar ratio in the microemulsion. Spherical particles synthesized by this method have diameters that are generally in the submicrometer to nanometer range. Impact sensitivity (h(50)) of the spherical particles obtained by the fall-hammer method is around 45 cm compared to regular synthesized FOX-7 (i.e., 50 +/- 5 cm) without any change in friction sensitivity, i.e. 36 kg. Loadability of the explosive charges can be enhanced by using these spherical particles of FOX-7.</p>1 aMandal, Alok, Kumar1 aThanigaivelan, U.1 aPandey, Raj, Kishore1 aAsthana, Srinandan1 aKhomane, Ramdas, B.1 aKulkarni, Bhaskar, Dattatraya  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-spherical-particles-11-diamino-22-dinitroethene-fox-7-using-micellar-0