02567nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245013300055210006900188260011000257300001400367490000700381520171100388100002102099700001802120700002102138700002702159700002102186700002502207856012902232       2007                        eng d  a0959-942800aConfinement of nano CdS in designated glass: a novel functionality of quantum dot-glass nanosystems in solar hydrogen production0 aConfinement of nano CdS in designated glass a novel functionalit  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcAUG  a4297-43030 v173 a<p>The present work is the investigation of our novel approach to designing quantum dot-glass nanosystems by confining nano CdS in designated glass and the first employment of such a quantum dot system in solar hydrogen production. The CdS quantum dots were grown in a special glass matrix, which involved a sequence of steps. The obtained glass was of uniformly bright yellow in color and the bulk glass was pulverized to a fine powder of micron size particles. The glass powder was characterized structurally and morphologically. X-Ray diffraction and electron diffraction patterns reveal a hexagonal crystallite system for the CdS quantum dots. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and chemical leaching with HCl studies demonstrate that the 2.5 nm size CdS quantum dots distribute homogeneously in a monodispersed form in the glass domain and on the surface with a ``partially embedded exposure'' configuration. This disposition imparts an excellent photostability against photocorrosion and also a facile catalytic function. Therefore, even a very small amount of CdS quantum dots (0.005 g per gram of glass powder) is able to photodecompose H2S under visible light (lambda &gt;= 420 nm) both in alkaline and pure aqueous media and produce solar hydrogen with markedly high quantum yields of 17.5 and 11.4%, respectively at 470 nm. Salient features like reusability after simple washing, corrosionless-stability and remarkable catalytic activity of this quantum dot-glass nanosystem are brought forth by our novel catalyst design and are much acclaimed in large scale solar H-2 production.</p>1 aKale, Bharat, B.1 aBaeg, Jin-Ook1 aApte, Sanjay, K.1 aSonawane, Ravindra, S.1 aNaik, Sonali, D.1 aPatil, Kashinath, R.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/confinement-nano-cds-designated-glass-novel-functionality-quantum-dot-glass-nanosystems-002180nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245012100055210006900176260011000245300001400355490000700369520134200376100002101718700001801739700001901757700001901776700002201795700002501817856013201842       2011                        eng d  a0959-942800aSelf assembled CdLa2S4 hexagon flowers, nanoprisms and nanowires: novel photocatalysts for solar hydrogen production0 aSelf assembled CdLa2S4 hexagon flowers nanoprisms and nanowires   aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJAN  a2624-26310 v213 a<p>We report here a new ternary chalcogenide material, cadmium lanthanum sulfide (CdLa2S4) produced using a facile hydrothermal method at 433 K. The effect of the solvent on the morphology of the CdLa2S4 was demonstrated for the first time. The prima facie observations revealed the formation of highly crystalline hexagonal structures in the form of flowers in aqueous medium. The flowers comprise hexagonal columns similar to 300 nm in diameter and 1-1.2 mu m in length. All the hexagonal structures have a sharp tip with a cavity of 10 nm and are almost equal in size. The nanoprisms have an average base size of 35 nm with 35 nm edges, and the nanowires have a diameter of 10-15 nm; both were obtained in methanol. Crystal and electronic structure calculations were performed using the Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP) based on density functional theory (DFT). Considering the band gap of pristine CdLa2S4 in the visible region (2.3 eV), we have demonstrated CdLa2S4 as a photocatalyst for the production of H-2 under solar light. Nanostructured CdLa2S4 prisms gave the maximum hydrogen production, i.e. 2552 mu mol h(-1). Being a stable ternary nanostructured metal sulfide (with nanohexagons, nanoprisms, nanowires), CdLa2S4 may have other potential prospective applications in solar cells and optoelectronic devices.</p>1 aKale, Bharat, B.1 aBaeg, Jin-Ook1 aKong, Ki-jeong1 aMoon, Sang-Jin1 aNikam, Latesh, K.1 aPatil, Kashinath, R.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/self-assembled-cdla2s4-hexagon-flowers-nanoprisms-and-nanowires-novel-photocatalysts-solar-002494nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260010600239300001600345490000700361520148700368653001501855653001201870653002401882653001701906653001901923100002401942700002201966700001801988700002302006700002102029700001802050700001702068856013102085       2011                        eng d  a0360-319900aSurfactant tunable hierarchical nanostructures of CdIn2S4 and their photohydrogen production under solar light0 aSurfactant tunable hierarchical nanostructures of CdIn2S4 and th  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcSEP  a11628-116390 v363 a<p>The hierarchical nanostructures of CdIn2S4 were selectively prepared through hydrothermal process in the presence of different surfactants. Structural study demonstrated existence of cubic spinel structure and micro structural study shown a pretty marigold flower like morphology without any surfactant. The effect of surfactants on the morphology and microstructure of CdIn2S4 has been studied by using Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactants. The CdIn2S4 bipyramids with length of 0.7-1 mu m have been obtained using PVP. Interestingly, the nanopetals (thin and transparent) of CdIn2S4 are self assembled into hollow spheres in the presence of CTAB. Considering the importance of these unique nanostructures, the growth mechanism has also been proposed. The optical properties demonstrated the band gap in the range of 2.12-2.29 eV which is well within the visible region. In this contest, photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production using the above nanostructures under visible light was also demonstrated. The prima-fascia observations shows that the bipyramidal CdIn2S4 exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production (3238 mu molh(-1)) than other nanostructures. Being a nanostructured semiconductor chalcogenide with a good stability will also have potential applications in solar cells and LED. Copyright (C) 2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aBipyramids10aCdIn2S410aHydrogen generation10ahydrothermal10aSelf-assembled1 aBhirud, Ashwini, P.1 aChaudhari, Nilima1 aNikam, Latesh1 aSonawane, Ravindra1 aPatil, Kashinath1 aBaeg, Jin-Ook1 aKale, Bharat  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/surfactant-tunable-hierarchical-nanostructures-cdin2s4-and-their-photohydrogen-production-002325nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245015100055210006900206260011000275300001200385490000600397520146100403100002101864700002201885700002101907700002401928700001801952700002101970856012801991       2014                        eng d  a2040-336400aQuantum confinement controlled solar hydrogen production from hydrogen sulfide using a highly stable CdS0.5Se0.5/CdSe quantum dot-glass nanosystem0 aQuantum confinement controlled solar hydrogen production from hy  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcOCT  a908-9150 v63 a<p>We have demonstrated unique CdS0.5Se0.5 and CdSe quantum dot-glass nanosystems with quantum confinement effect. The stable, monodispersed CdS0.5Se0.5 and CdSe quantum dots (QDs) of size 2 to 12 nm have been grown in a germanate glass matrix by a simple melt quench technique at moderate temperature. XRD and Raman studies show formation of hexagonal CdS0.5Se0.5 and CdSe in the glass matrix. The quantum confinement of CdS0.5Se0.5 and CdSe was studied using TEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The band gap of the glass nanosystem was tuned from 3.6 to 1.8 eV by controlling the CdS0.5Se0.5 quantum dot size in the glass matrix. It can be further tuned to 1.68 eV using growth of CdSe quantum dots in the glass matrix. Considering the tuneable band gap of the CdS0.5Se0.5 and CdSe quantum dot-glass nanosystem for the visible light absorption, a study of size tuneable photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation from hydrogen sulfide splitting was performed under visible light irradiation for the first time. The utmost hydrogen evolution, i.e. 8164.53 and 7257.36 mu mol h(-1) g(-1) was obtained for the CdS0.5Se0.5 and CdSe quantum dot-glass nanosystems, respectively. The apparent quantum yield (AQY) was observed to be 26% and 21% for the CdS0.5Se0.5 and CdSe quantum dot-glass nanosystems, respectively. It is noteworthy that the present glass nanosystem as a photocatalyst was found to be very stable as compared to naked powder photocatalysts.</p>1 aApte, Sanjay, K.1 aGaraje, Sunil, N.1 aNaik, Sonali, D.1 aWaichal, Rupali, P.1 aBaeg, Jin-Ook1 aKale, Bharat, B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/quantum-confinement-controlled-solar-hydrogen-production-hydrogen-sulfide-using-highly-002497nas a2200205   4500008004100000245014300041210006900184260000800253300001600261490000600277520171800283100002602001700002202027700002602049700002402075700002502099700001802124700002102142856012802163       2016                        eng d00aIn situ fabrication of highly crystalline CdS decorated Bi2S3 nanowires (nano-heterostructure) for visible light photocatalyst application0 aIn situ fabrication of highly crystalline CdS decorated Bi2S3 na  cFEB  a23508-235170 v63 a<p>In situ synthesis of the orthorhombic Bi2S3 nanowires decorated with hexagonal CdS nanoparticles (nano-heterostructure) has been demonstrated by a facile solvothermal method. The tiny 5-7 nm CdS spherical nanoparticles are decorated on the surfaces of 30-40 nm Bi2S3 nanowires, successfully. Structural, morphological and optical studies clearly show the existence of CdS on the nanowires. A possible sequential deposition growth mechanism is proposed on the basis of experimental results to reveal the formation of the nano heterostructure. The heterostructures have been used as a photocatalyst for hydrogen production as well as degradation of methylene blue under solar light. The maximum hydrogen evolution i.e. 4560 and 2340 mu mol h(-1) 0.5 g was obtained from H2S splitting and glycerol degradation for Bi2S3 NWs decorated with CdS nanoparticles (nano-heterostructure) which is higher than that of the Bi2S3 NWs (3000 and 1170 mu mol h(-1) 0.5 g, respectively). The enhanced photocatalytical hydrogen evolution efficiency of the heterostructures is mainly attributed to its nanostructure. In the nano heterostructure, the CdS nanoparticles control the charge carrier transition, recombination, and separation, while the Bi2S3 nanowire serves as a support for the CdS nanoparticles. The photogenerated electron's migration is faster than the holes from the inside of a CdS nanoparticle to its surface or to the phase interface, resulting in a relatively higher hole density inside the CdS nanoparticle leaving electron density at surface of the Bi2S3 NWs. This influences the photocatalytic activity under solar light. Such nano-heterostructures may have potential in other photocatalytic reactions.</p>1 aPanmand, Rajendra, P.1 aSethi, Yogesh, A.1 aDeokar, Rajashree, S.1 aLate, Dattatray, J.1 aGholap, Haribhau, M.1 aBaeg, Jin-Ook1 aKale, Bharat, B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/situ-fabrication-highly-crystalline-cds-decorated-bi2s3-nanowires-nano-heterostructure-102622nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245014000055210006900195260011000264300001600374490000600390520171800396100002602114700002202140700002602162700002402188700002502212700001802237700002102255856012802276       2016                        eng d  a2046-206900aSitu fabrication of highly crystalline CdS decorated Bi2S3 nanowires (nano-heterostructure) for visible light photocatalyst application0 aSitu fabrication of highly crystalline CdS decorated Bi2S3 nanow  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcFEB  a23508-235170 v63 a<p>In situ synthesis of the orthorhombic Bi2S3 nanowires decorated with hexagonal CdS nanoparticles (nano-heterostructure) has been demonstrated by a facile solvothermal method. The tiny 5-7 nm CdS spherical nanoparticles are decorated on the surfaces of 30-40 nm Bi2S3 nanowires, successfully. Structural, morphological and optical studies clearly show the existence of CdS on the nanowires. A possible sequential deposition growth mechanism is proposed on the basis of experimental results to reveal the formation of the nano heterostructure. The heterostructures have been used as a photocatalyst for hydrogen production as well as degradation of methylene blue under solar light. The maximum hydrogen evolution i.e. 4560 and 2340 mu mol h(-1) 0.5 g was obtained from H2S splitting and glycerol degradation for Bi2S3 NWs decorated with CdS nanoparticles (nano-heterostructure) which is higher than that of the Bi2S3 NWs (3000 and 1170 mu mol h(-1) 0.5 g, respectively). The enhanced photocatalytical hydrogen evolution efficiency of the heterostructures is mainly attributed to its nanostructure. In the nano heterostructure, the CdS nanoparticles control the charge carrier transition, recombination, and separation, while the Bi2S3 nanowire serves as a support for the CdS nanoparticles. The photogenerated electron's migration is faster than the holes from the inside of a CdS nanoparticle to its surface or to the phase interface, resulting in a relatively higher hole density inside the CdS nanoparticle leaving electron density at surface of the Bi2S3 NWs. This influences the photocatalytic activity under solar light. Such nano-heterostructures may have potential in other photocatalytic reactions.</p>1 aPanmand, Rajendra, P.1 aSethi, Yogesh, A.1 aDeokar, Rajashree, S.1 aLate, Dattatray, J.1 aGholap, Haribhau, M.1 aBaeg, Jin-Ook1 aKale, Bharat, B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/situ-fabrication-highly-crystalline-cds-decorated-bi2s3-nanowires-nano-heterostructure-0