01005nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260008900226300001400315490000700329520017500336653001900511653002400530653002500554100001700579700002000596700001700616700002300633856013100656       2006                        eng d  a0376-469900aChemoselective dithioacetalization of aldehydes using silica sulfuric acid as a reusable catalyst0 aChemoselective dithioacetalization of aldehydes using silica sul  aDR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIAbNATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATIONcMAY  a1291-12950 v453 a<p>Silica sulfuric acid has been found to be an efficient and reusable catalyst for chemoselective dithioacetalization of aldehydes over ketones, in excellent yields.</p>10aChemoselective10adithioacetalization10asilica sulfuric acid1 aPore, D., M.1 aDesai, Uday, V.1 aMane, R., B.1 aWadgaonkar, P., P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/chemoselective-dithioacetalization-aldehydes-using-silica-sulfuric-acid-reusable-catalyst-002396nas a2200301   4500008004100000022001400041245009500055210006900150260007300219300001000292490000800302520135400310653002301664653001701687653004501704653001801749653001901767653002001786653004101806100002301847700002101870700001701891700001801908700001801926700001501944700001701959856011801976       2009                        eng d  a0926-860X00aCharacterization of clay intercalated cobalt-salen catalysts for the oxidation of p-cresol0 aCharacterization of clay intercalated cobaltsalen catalysts for   aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcNOV  a16-230 v3703 a<p>The intercalation of cobalt-salen complexes into the interlamelar spaces of montmorillonite clay was investigated by various characterization studies. The ``neat'' cobalt-salen complex showed a weight loss at 368 degrees C while the weight loss for the corresponding intercalated complex was observed at much higher temperature of 492 degrees C due to decomposition of the complex. The thermal stabilization observed was due to the host-guest interaction of clay and metal complex and thus confirmed the intercalation. The XANES spectrum of Co(salen)-mont sample revealed the change of symmetry from the tetrahedral in plane to the octahedral structure having an axial bonding of oxygen to the cobalt, indicating that cobalt atoms in Co(salen)-mont were coordinated axially with the lattice oxygen of montmorillonite. Both XANES and EXAFS results indicated that cobalt atoms in Co(salen)-mont form two additional Co-O bonds with a bond length of 0.199 nm by the intercalation while retaining the Co-salen structure. Co-salen intercalated into the montmorillonite clay showed the highest activity for the air oxidation of p-cresol, giving 88% selectivity to the oxidation products. Effects of NaOH concentration and various solvents on the conversion and selectivity patterns also have been studied. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCobalt-oxygen bond10aCobalt-salen10aExtended X-ray absorption fine structure10aIntercalation10aLattice oxygen10aMontmorillonite10aX-ray absorption near edge structure1 aKshirsagar, V., S.1 aGarade, Ajit, C.1 aMane, R., B.1 aPatil, K., R.1 aYamaguchi, A.1 aShirai, M.1 aRode, C., V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/characterization-clay-intercalated-cobalt-salen-catalysts-oxidation-p-cresol-001904nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260007300248300001200321490000700333520090600340653001901246653005301265653002201318653001701340653003801357100002101395700002301416700001701439700002501456700001801481700001701499856012201516       2010                        eng d  a0169-131700aAcidity tuning of montmorillonite K10 by impregnation with dodecatungstophosphoric acid and hydroxyalkylation of phenol0 aAcidity tuning of montmorillonite K10 by impregnation with dodec  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAR  a164-1700 v483 a<p>Acidity tuning of montmorillonite K10 (mont K10) was achieved by impregnating with dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTP). The effect on the hydroxyalkylation of phenol was studied at 353 K with phenol to formaldehyde molar ratio of 5. The nature and strength of acid sites were determined by NH(3)-TPD measurement while the distribution of Brensted and Lewis acid sites expressed as B/L ratio, was determined by pyridine IR technique. Among various loadings of DTP (5-60%) studied for the hydroxyalkylation of phenol, 20% DTP/mont K10 showed the highest catalyst activity (90% selectivity to bisphenol F with 28% conversion of phenol). Both total concentration of acid sites and the distribution of acid sites in a high temperature region were required for the high bisphenol F selectivity. Our catalyst (20% DTP/Mont K10) could be recycled three times. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAcidity tuning10aDodecatungstophosphoric acid/Montmorillonite K1010aHydroxyalkylation10aImpregnation10aTemperature programmed desorption1 aGarade, Ajit, C.1 aKshirsagar, V., S.1 aMane, R., B.1 aGhalwadkar, Ajay, A.1 aJoshi, U., D.1 aRode, C., V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/acidity-tuning-montmorillonite-k10-impregnation-dodecatungstophosphoric-acid-and-001723nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260007100239300001400310490000700324520091700331100002801248700002501276700001701301700002101318700002301339700002501362856013001387       2010                        eng d  a1083-616000aSelective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol: comparison of batch and continuous process operations0 aSelective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 12propanediol comparison  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcNOV  a1393-14000 v143 a<p>The screening of copper chromite catalysts with various promoters such as Al, Zn, and Ba for glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) in a batch reaction showed that Cu-Cr (Ba) catalyst gave the highest conversion of 34% and selectivity of 84% to 1,2-PDO. In a continuous operation (23 g catalyst bed) the same catalyst showed higher conversion of glycerol and selectivity for 1,2-PDO of 65% and &gt; 90%, respectively, with an on-stream activity of similar to 800 h. Better performance in a continuous operation could be due to the in situ activation of the catalyst, suppression of glycerol cracking to ethylene glycol, as well as excessive hydrogenation of 1,2-PDO to 2-propanol due to lower contact time of 1.3 h as compared to that in a batch operation (5 h). Effects of various process parameters on conversion and selectivity also have been compared for batch and continuous operations.</p>1 aRode, Chandrashekhar, V1 aGhalwadkar, Ajay, A.1 aMane, R., B.1 aHengne, Amol, M.1 aJadkar, Sachin, T.1 aBiradar, Narayan, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/selective-hydrogenolysis-glycerol-12-propanediol-comparison-batch-and-continuous-process-001769nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245008200055210006900137260007300206300001200279490000800291520089000299653000601189653002301195653001101218653001601229653002801245653002001273100001701293700002501310700002101335700002401356700001701380856010601397       2011                        eng d  a0920-586100aRole of promoters in copper chromite catalysts for hydrogenolysis of glycerol0 aRole of promoters in copper chromite catalysts for hydrogenolysi  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAPR  a447-4500 v1643 a<p>Various copper chromite catalysts with and without promoters were prepared by simultaneous co-precipitation and digestion technique and the role of promoters (Al, Ba and Zn) was investigated for hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propylene glycol (1,2-PG) in both batch and continuous operations. Among various promoters studied, copper chromite catalyst with Ba as a promoter showed the highest activity and selectivity of 85% to 1,2-PG. This catalyst was found to be active for more than 800 h in a continuous operation also. Ammonia TPD results showed that barium promoted copper chromite catalyst had the highest acidity which facilitates the dehydration of glycerol to acetol which is the first step in hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-PG. The effect of barium content and variation in the promoters combination was also studied. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10a110a2-Propylene glycol10aAcetol10aAmmonia TPD10aGlycerol hydrogenolysis10aSurface acidity1 aMane, R., B.1 aGhalwadkar, Ajay, A.1 aHengne, Amol, M.1 aSuryawanshi, Y., R.1 aRode, C., V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/role-promoters-copper-chromite-catalysts-hydrogenolysis-glycerol-001896nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245008600055210006900141260007300210300001000283490000800293520099500301653000601296653001801302653001801320653001501338653001201353653002801365100001701393700001701410700001901427700001801446700002201464700001801486856011401504       2012                        eng d  a0920-586100aCopper modified waste fly ash as a promising catalyst for glycerol hydrogenolysis0 aCopper modified waste fly ash as a promising catalyst for glycer  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAUG  a31-370 v1903 a<p>Several catalyst formulations using waste fly ash along with Cu were prepared and characterised by XRD, BET and TEM. These catalysts were also evaluated for the first time for hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2 propanediol (1,2-PDO) in a batch reactor under 52 bar H-2 pressure in the temperature range of 473-513 K conditions. The fly ash pretreated by alkali using the fusion method and impregnated with Cu showed higher activity and stability for glycerol hydrogenolysis. Due to pretreatment with alkali at high temperature, transformation of alpha-quartz to the tridymite phase of SiO2 occurred. More importantly, use of alkali either during the pretreatment or the Cu loading step resulted in a high dispersion on the surface which was responsible for higher glycerol conversion and 1,2-PDO selectivity. The effects of temperature, Cu loading and solvent on glycerol conversion and product selectivities were also studied in this work. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10a110a2-Propanediol10aAlkali fusion10aCu loading10aFly ash10aGlycerol hydrogenolysis1 aRode, C., V.1 aMane, R., B.1 aPotdar, A., S.1 aPatil, P., B.1 aNiphadkar, P., S.1 aJoshi, P., N.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/copper-modified-waste-fly-ash-promising-catalyst-glycerol-hydrogenolysis-001744nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245013300055210006900188260007300257300001200330490000800342520077200350653002101122653001701143653002801160653003201188653002301220100001701243700002101260700002201281700001801303700001801321700001701339856012201356       2012                        eng d  a0920-586100aEffect of preparation parameters of Cu catalysts on their physico-chemical properties and activities for glycerol hydrogenolysis0 aEffect of preparation parameters of Cu catalysts on their physic  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcDEC  a321-3290 v1983 a<p>Cu based catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation, alkali fusion followed by precipitation and direct solid state fusion methods. The changes in the phase formation, morphology, crystallite size, extent of aggregation, strength and nature of acid sites were observed due to variations in precipitating agents and also their order of addition. The catalyst prepared by co-precipitation using Na2CO3 showed the predominant presence of metallic Cu phase with a crystallite size of 5 nm, well segregated spherical morphology and highest acidity in the activated sample. These intrinsic properties contributed to achieve the highest glycerol conversion of 62% and 1,2-PDO selectivity of 88% in glycerol hydrogenolysis. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCo-precipitation10aCu catalysts10aGlycerol hydrogenolysis10aPhysico-chemical properties10aSolid state fusion1 aMane, R., B.1 aKondawar, S., E.1 aNiphadkar, P., S.1 aJoshi, P., N.1 aPatil, K., R.1 aRode, C., V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-preparation-parameters-cu-catalysts-their-physico-chemical-properties-and-002433nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260000800214490000600222520155000228653002201778653002301800653002301823653003201846653002101878653001701899653001501916100002101931700001701952700001701969700001701986700002102003700001702024856011402041       2017                        eng d  a2190-553300aCarbonylation of glycerol with urea to glycerol carbonate over supported Zn catalysts0 aCarbonylation of glycerol with urea to glycerol carbonate over s  cAPR0 v73 a<p>Glycerol carbonylation with urea is a very feasible option to produce glycerol carbonate with a net result of CO2 fixation through urea synthesis. The prerequisite of an efficient catalyst for this reaction is to possess both acid and basic sites together. Several acidic supports were screened for ZnO catalyst in this work and Zn/MCM-41 was found to exhibit the best activity and almost complete selectivity to glycerol carbonate (GC). Although, non-catalytic glycerol carbonylation resulted in GC formation but glycerol conversion achieved was twice with Zn/MCM-41 as a catalyst. Further to that increase in Zn loading from 2 to 5% resulted in increase in glycerol conversion from 63 to 82%. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, NH3 and CO2-TPD and effects of reaction parameters such as catalyst loading, glycerol to urea mole ratio and temperature on glycerol conversion and GC selectivity in batch mode of operation were also studied. Time on stream activity of 5% Zn/MCM-41 catalyst for continuous carbonylation of glycerol was also studied for ~100 h with an average conversion of ~55% and complete selectivity to GC. This indicated five times lower productivity of GC per h due to lower residence time than that in a batch operation as compared to that of a continuous operation. Activation energy estimated from the Arrhenius plot was found to be 39.82 kJ mol−1 suggesting that the reaction is kinetically controlled. A reaction pathway mediated by acid and basic sites of the Zn/MCM-41 catalyst is also proposed.</p>10aAcid–base ratio10aContinuous process10aGlycerol carbonate10aGlycerol-urea carbonylation10areaction pathway10aSupported Zn10aZn loading1 aKondawar, S., E.1 aMane, R., B.1 aVasishta, A.1 aMore, S., B.1 aDhengale, S., D.1 aRode, C., V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/carbonylation-glycerol-urea-glycerol-carbonate-over-supported-zn-catalysts01873nas a2200205   4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260000800204300001200212490000800224520117200232100002401404700001801428700002001446700001701466700002901483700001501512700001801527856012201545       2017                        eng d00aCatalytic ozonation of clofibric acid over copper-based catalysts: in situ ATR-IR studies0 aCatalytic ozonation of clofibric acid over copperbased catalysts  cJUL  a523-5290 v2093 aThe current study describes the catalytic ozonation of clofibric acid (CFA) under ambient conditions using copper oxide catalysts synthesized by different methods. The objective of this study is to provide novel catalysts and reaction mechanism for the degradation of emerging pharmaceutical compounds in aqueous solution. Among the various Cu catalysts screened in this study, the Cut-Ali oxide catalyst showed an excellent activity and stability in the degradation and mineralization of CFA. In situ attenuated total reflection IR (ATR-IR) spectroscopy was used to examine the interaction of ozone with the active sites of the catalyst in presence of water and to investigate the possible catalytic mechanism. The presence of Lewis acid sites in the Cut-Ali catalyst increased the amount of chemisorbed water enhancing stronger interaction of ozone to form surface activated species, resulting in higher catalytic activity. The results obtained from in-situ ATR-IR study indicate that surface hydroxyl groups and Lewis acid sites are responsible for promoting the generation of hydroxyl radicals (OHS) from aqueous ozone. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1 aSable, Shailesh, S.1 aGhute, P., P.1 aFakhrnasova, D.1 aMane, R., B.1 aRode, Chandrashekhar, V.1 aMedina, F.1 aContreras, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/catalytic-ozonation-clofibric-acid-over-copper-based-catalysts-situ-atr-ir-studies