02572nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260007100237300001400308490000700322520181500329100001602144700002202160700001702182700003002199700001802229856013102247       2005                        eng d  a0897-475600aNature of manganese species in Ce1-xMnxO2-delta solid solutions synthesized by the solution combustion route0 aNature of manganese species in Ce1xMnxO2delta solid solutions sy  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcJUL  a3983-39930 v173 a<p>A series of manganese-cerium oxide composites with Mn concentrations in the range of 1-20 mol % in ceria was prepared by the solution combustion technique using urea as fuel. The nature, type, and oxidation state of Mn species in ceria were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction techniques. The study reveals that the method of preparation significantly influences the type of manganese species in ceria. Wet-impregnation, coprecipitation, and solid-state synthesis techniques lead to clustered MnOx-like species in the ceria matrix, while the present method of preparation (solution combustion route) yields a highly dispersed form of Mn species. In the reported series of samples, Mn is present mainly in +2 and +3 oxidation states and there is no evidence for the presence of Mn 41 species. Powder X-ray diffraction studies at variable temperatures (298-1323 K) indicate the formation of Ce1-xMnxO2-delta Solid solutions. No separate MnOx-type phase was detected even at 1323 K. EPR studies reveal that the isolated Mn2+ and Mn2+ species are present in at least three different structural locations: species A, Mn ions in ceria-lattice defect sites; species B, Mn ions in framework Ce4+ locations; and species C, Mn ions in interstitial locations and at the surface of ceria. The Mn3+ ions in ceria exhibit a facile reduction and reoxidation behavior when exposed to dry hydrogen and subsequently to air at elevated. temperatures. A highly dispersed state of Mn3+ and Mn2+ in ceria, facile redox behavior, and a synergistic Mn-ceria interaction are some of the unique properties of this material prepared by the solution combustion procedure.</p>1 aMurugan, B.1 aRamaswamy, A., V.1 aSrinivas, D.1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.1 aRamaswamy, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/nature-manganese-species-ce1-xmnxo2-delta-solid-solutions-synthesized-solution-combustion-001662nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245008600055210006900141260007100210300001400281490000800295520088700303100003201190700003201222700003001254700002301284700001701307700002001324856011201344       2009                        eng d  a1932-744700aNitric oxide reduction with ethanol on palladium surfaces: a molecular beam study0 aNitric oxide reduction with ethanol on palladium surfaces a mole  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcJUN  a9814-98190 v1133 a<p>Nitric oxide (NO) reduction with ethanol has been carried out with molecular beam instruments in order to understand the influence of ethanol blended gasoline on NO reduction. Maximum NO reduction and nitrogen production was observed between 500 and 600 K. Oxidation products, CO, CO(2), and H(2)O were also observed. Beam switching experiments have been performed between fuel-rich and fuel-lean compositions to demonstrate that the NO reduction can be managed under net oxidizing conditions on Pd surfaces. Nitrogen production only occurs transiently on the relatively clean Pd surface in the oxygen-rich condition due to slow build up and blockage of the reaction by surface oxygen atoms. This shows the need to maintain relatively oxygen free surfaces to manage NO reduction under net-oxidizing conditions by beam oscillation between fuel-rich and fuel-lean compositions.</p>1 aNagarajan, Sankaranarayanan1 aThirunavukkarasu, Kandasamy1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.1 aCounsell, Jonathan1 aGilbert, Lee1 aBowker, Michael  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/nitric-oxide-reduction-ethanol-palladium-surfaces-molecular-beam-study-002219nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245009200055210006900147260009200216300001200308490000600320520138900326653001301715653001801728653001101746653000901757653002901766100001601795700002201811700003001833856012601863       2009                        eng d  a1533-488000aN,S-Co-doped TiO2 Nanophotocatalyst: synthesis, electronic structure and photocatalysis0 aNSCodoped TiO2 Nanophotocatalyst synthesis electronic structure   a26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USAbAMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERScJAN  a423-4320 v93 a<p>N,S-co-doped anatase-phase TiO2 (N,S-TiO2) nanophotocatalysts were prepared from either benzothiazoline or aminothiol with titanium isopropoxide followed by a systematic thermal decomposition. The chemical nature of S and N in N,S-TiO2 have been identified by XPS to be sulfate and NO-like, respectively. A significant band broadening and red-shift in the UV-visible absorption spectrum of N,S-TiO2 suggests a band gap reduction compared to TiO2. A maximum band-gap narrowing of 0.22 +/- 0.02 eV was observed on N,S-TiO2. Higher energy width observed on N,S-TiO2 is in contrast to 0.13 eV from N-doped TiO2 indicating the sulfate-like species might play a major role in narrowing the band-gap to a Higher level. It is confirmed that the oxidation of N and S to NO and SO42- occurs in the final stage of preparation of N,S-TiO2, during calcination in air. It is predicted that the oxygen associated with sulfate and NO structural features could be crucial in bringing down the energy gap and red shift in optical absorption and the role of sulfur is to facilitate the above. Photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue has been carried out on N,S-TiO2 shows higher activity than the commercial TiO2 in the visible region. However, sulfate species seems to enhance the activity of N,S-TiO2 marginally compared to N-TiO2, and possible suggestions are given to improve the same.</p>10anitrogen10aPhotocatalyst10aSulfur10aTiO210aVisible Light Absorption1 aSathish, M.1 aViswanath, R., P.1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ns-co-doped-tio2-nanophotocatalyst-synthesis-electronic-structure-and-photocatalysis-002029nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245013600055210006900191260011000260300001600370490000600386520122300392100002201615700003001637700003001667700002501697856012501722       2014                        eng d  a2046-206900aNanocomposite of silver and thermo-associating polymer by a green route: a potential soft-hard material for controlled drug release0 aNanocomposite of silver and thermoassociating polymer by a green  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJAN  a10261-102680 v43 a<p>Major research efforts are continuously being made to look for alternative, environment friendly green chemicals for the synthesis of nanoparticles in place of conventional and hazardous reducing agents such as sodium borohydride and hydrazine. We report here on the synthesis and characterization of AgNPs using a thermo-associating polymer namely, carboxymethyl guar grafted poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide) [CMG-g-PEPO]. The polymer acts as both reducing agent as well as stabilizing/capping agent. The formation of AgNPs with polymer was confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopy and the TEM images indicated the size of nanoparticles to be in the range of 10-20 nm. We also demonstrated the use of these nanoparticles in the controlled release of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox), an anticancer drug. The binding of Dox onto the polymer and AgNPs was investigated by XPS and Raman spectroscopy which indicates that a charge-transfer mechanism is operative between the Dox and polymer holding both the entities together. The first synthesis of AgNPs using non-toxic thermo-associating polymer and subsequent release of Dox with body temperature (37 degrees C) as a trigger is the highlight of the present work.</p>1 aGupta, Nivika, R.1 aPrasad, Bhagavatula L. V.1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.1 aBadiger, Manohar, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/nanocomposite-silver-and-thermo-associating-polymer-green-route-potential-soft-hard-001608nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260007700226300001200303490000600315520081200321653002801133653001301161653001101174653001401185653002201199100001501221700003001236856012401266       2014                        eng d  a1867-388000aNOx reduction at near ambient temperatures and under lean-burn conditions on modified pd surfaces0 aNOx reduction at near ambient temperatures and under leanburn co  aBOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcFEB  a531-5370 v63 a<p>Palladium surfaces that are modified with O atoms in the subsurface broaden the NO reduction temperature regime up to 325 K with O-2-rich NO+H-2+O-2 compositions. Compared to virgin Pd surfaces, up to 150% higher deNO(x) catalytic activity was observed with modified Pd surfaces at the reaction maximum. Molecular beam instrument and ambient-pressure photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to follow the kinetic and surface changes. These results open up a possibility to realize the cold-start reduction of NOx (deNO(x)). DeNO(x) activity reported in the literature with supported Pd catalysts after a simple calcination in air compares well with our present observations. Surface modification is likely to demonstrate a high potential for other catalytic reactions at relatively low temperatures.</p>10aheterogeneous catalysis10anitrogen10aoxygen10aPalladium10asurface chemistry1 aRoy, Kanak1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/nox-reduction-near-ambient-temperatures-and-under-lean-burn-conditions-modified-pd-002571nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245017100055210006900226260000900295300001600304490000700320520191700327100001602244700003002260856012302290       2018                        eng d  a1944-824400aNew strategy toward a dual functional nanocatalyst at ambient conditions: influence of the Pd-Co interface in the catalytic activity of Pd@Co core-shell nanoparticles0 aNew strategy toward a dual functional nanocatalyst at ambient co  cDEC   a41268-412780 v103 a<p>Bimetallic nanostructures with a combination of noble and nonnoble metals hold promise for improving catalyst activity and selectivity. Here, we report the synthesis of Pd@Co (PC) core shell morphology nanoparticles with three different ratios of palladium (Pd) and cobalt (Co), and a possibility to fine tune the ratio of core and shell thickness. PC exhibits superior and selective hydrogenation as well as oxidation catalytic activity at ambient or near-ambient conditions. Various characterization techniques have been employed to confirm the core shell morphology. Without any pre-treatment or activation, fresh catalysts with different Pd to Co ratios, that is, 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2, were subjected to olefin (phenylacetylene) hydrogenation and oxidation (styrene to styrene oxide) reaction. The catalytic activity results demonstrate that the 1:1 ratio of Pd/Co is the most active composition for controlled and stepwise reduction of phenyl acetylene to styrene and then to ethyl benzene; 1:1 Pd/Co shows 100% styrene conversion in 30 min. with an order of magnitude higher turnover frequency than other catalysts. The 1:1 PC ratio is also the most active composition for selective oxidation of styrene to styrene oxide. NAPXPS (near-ambient pressure XPS) results show that the active sites for catalytic hydrogenation and oxidation reaction are Co and Co3+, respectively. However, the superior catalytic performance can be attributed to Co (for reduction) or Co3+ (for oxidation), and the Pd Co interface plays a critical role in stabilizing the required functional character. NAPXPS results confirm that the superior catalytic performance can be attributed not only to Co or Co3+, but also to the Pd Co interface. The electronic effect and synergism between Co and Pd helps Co to stabilize in different oxidation states depending on the reaction conditions, and making it a dual functional catalyst.</p>1 aJain, Ruchi1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/new-strategy-toward-dual-functional-nanocatalyst-ambient-conditions-influence-pd-co02217nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184260000800253300001400261490000700275520145200282100002301734700002801757700002101785700002301806700002701829700003001856856012501886       2023                        eng d  a1477-922600aNanostructured Co-doped BiVO4 for efficient and sustainable photoelectrochemical chlorine evolution from simulated sea-water0 aNanostructured Codoped BiVO4 for efficient and sustainable photo  cFEB  a2051-20610 v523 a<p>
	The co-production of hydrogen and chlorine from sea-water splitting could be a potential, sustainable and attractive route by any method. However, challenges to overcome are many, and critically, the sustainability and operating potential of the electrocatalyst are important. In this work, we report on Co-doping in the BiVO4 (Co-BV) crystal lattice and employed the same as the photoanode; Co-BV exhibits a photocurrent of 190 mu A cm(-2) at 1.1 V vs. RHE (the reversible hydrogen electrode) in the acidic sodium chloride solution (pH 2.3) under one sun illumination. The best-performing photoanode, with 0.05 mol% of Co doping (0.05 Co-BV), selectively produced active chlorine with 92% faradaic efficiency at 1.1 V vs. RHE by successfully suppressing the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the stability of the catalyst was demonstrated for up to 20 h. This is the lowest operating potential reported for the chlorine evolution reaction (CER), thus far. The overpotential required for CER with 0.05 Co-BV is lower than that of OER, which leads to selective CER at 1.1 V (vs. RHE). Co-doping into the BiVO4 lattice decreases the charge transfer resistance and enhances the CER kinetics due to its structural and electronic integration with the BV lattice. We demonstrate that Co-doping also improves the lifetime of the charge carrier and enhances the current density of CER and sustainability of the catalyst.</p>
1 aChauhan, Inderjeet1 aPatra, Kshirodra, Kumar1 aBajpai, Himanshu1 aMhamane, Nitin, B.1 aSalgaonkar, Kranti, N.1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/nanostructured-co-doped-bivo4-efficient-and-sustainable-photoelectrochemical-chlorine