02538nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260011000227300001400337490000600351520172700357100002502084700002702109700002402136700002502160700002902185856013002214       2013                        eng d  a1742-206X00aNovel mechanism for antiglycative action of limonene through stabilization of protein conformation0 aNovel mechanism for antiglycative action of limonene through sta  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJUN  a2463-24720 v93 a<p>Inhibition of protein glycation is known to ameliorate secondary complications in diabetes. In the present study antiglycative properties of limonene, a natural product, were evaluated using BSA as a model protein. AMG (aminoguanidine) was used as a positive control. Measurement of total AGEs (Advanced Glycation End-products) and specific AGEs revealed that limonene could inhibit protein glycation to the extent of 56.3% and 75.1% respectively at 50 mu M concentration as against 54.4% and 82.2% by AMG at 1 mM. Congo red binding and CD (Circular Dichroism) analysis revealed inhibition of alpha-helix to beta-sheet transition wherein 18.5% beta-sheet structures were observed in glycated BSA (bovine serum albumin) as against 4.9% with limonene. Glycation of protein in the presence of urea was enhanced by 18%, while in the presence of limonene it was reduced by 23% revealing the stabilizing effect of limonene. Electrophoretic mobility was similar to the normal control and a zeta potential value of -12.1 mV as against -15.1 mV in diabetic control was observed. Inhibition of glycation in limonene treated samples was confirmed through LC-MS analysis wherein AGEs such as pentosidine, CML (N-epsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine), CEL (N-epsilon-(carboxyethyl) lysine), MOLD (methylglyoxal-lysine dimer) and imidazolone observed in glycated samples were absent in limonene treated samples. PatchDock studies revealed that limonene could bind to the major glycation sites IB, IIA and IIB sub domains and AMG to the IIIA sub domain. Thus limonene is a potent protein glycation inhibitor that prevents protein glycation through a novel mechanism of stabilization of protein structure through hydrophobic interactions.</p>1 aJoglekar, Madhav, M.1 aPanaskar, Shrimant, N.1 aChougale, Ashok, D.1 aKulkarni, Mahesh, J.1 aArvindekar, Akalpita, U.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-mechanism-antiglycative-action-limonene-through-stabilization-protein-conformation-0