02851nas a2200157   4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260000800204300001000212490000800222520227200230100002102502700002502523700002602548856011902574       2006                        eng d00aMorphological mutants of gibberella fujikuroi for enhanced production of gibberellic acid0 aMorphological mutants of gibberella fujikuroi for enhanced produ  cJAN  a65-720 v1003 a<p>Aims: To examine the production of gibberellic acid by selected morphological mutants of Gibberella fujikuroi in liquid cultures. Methods and Results: Mutants of G. fujikuroi having different morphological characteristics were selected after UV irradiation. The production of gibberellic acid by mutants that had different hyphal lengths was examined in shake flasks in media with different concentrations of nutrients as well as different volumes of the medium. Fed-batch fermenter study was performed to evaluate the mutant Mor-25 for growth and production of gibberellic acid. The broth was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography for fusaric acid, the common mycotoxin produced by strains of Fusarium. A variety of morphological mutants having different mycelial and soluble pigmentation as well as colony morphologies were generated from G. fujikuroi upon exposure to UV radiation. A nonpigmented mutant (Car-1) was selected as intermediate parent and later, mutants Mor-1 and Mor-25 were selected based on their distinct morphology. The colonies on regeneration agar plates were small, compact and dry. In liquid medium, mutant Mor-25 grew in a micro-pelleted form and the mycelium had short, highly branched hyphae, curly at tips with thick, swollen cells. Mutant Mor-25 grew rapidly in a low-cost medium containing defatted groundnut flour, sucrose and salts. In media with higher nutrient concentrations as well as larger volumes, it produced twofold more gibberellic acid than the parent. Fusaric acid, the common mycotoxin, was absent in the fermentation broth of mutant Mor-25. The mutants have been deposited in National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India under following culture collection numbers (Car-1, NCIM 1323; Mor-1, NCIM 1322; and Mor-25, NCIM 1321). Conclusion: Growth of unpigmented, morphological mutants of G. fujikuroi that led to lower viscosity in fermentation broth resulted in increased production of gibberellic acid. Significance and Impact of Study: The use of morphological mutants that have lower viscosity in liquid cultures for gibberellic acid production is not reported earlier. Similar mutants can be useful for other types of fungal fermentations also.</p>1 aLale, Geetanjali1 aJogdand, Vitthal, V.1 aGadre, Ramchandra, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/morphological-mutants-gibberella-fujikuroi-enhanced-production-gibberellic-acid01663nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260007300269300001200342490000700354520072000361653001701081653002001098653001101118653001701129653001701146100002501163700002201188700002501210700002101235700002601256856012701282       2008                        eng d  a1369-703X00aProduction and single step purification of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from alkalophilic bacillus firmus by ion exchange chromatography0 aProduction and single step purification of cyclodextrin glycosyl  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAY  a510-5150 v393 a<p>Production and purification of starch digesting cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase (CGTase) from alkalophilic Bacillus firmus was investigated. Fermentation was carried out in 141 bioreactor at 28 degrees C using a medium containing dextrin, yeast extract, peptone, (NH4)H2PO4 and MgSO4.7H(2)O. The extracellular enzyme was concentrated by tangential flow ultrafiltration. The concentrated enzyme was chromatographed using DEAE-sepharose and phenyl sepharose. DEAE-sepharose could be used to purify CGTase in a single step with 23.1 fold purification and 80.6% recovery. The enzyme obtained had homogeneity and the molecular weight was 76 kDa confirmed by SDS-PAGE. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aalkalophilic10aBacillus firmus10aCGTase10acyclodextrin10aPurification1 aSavergave, Laman, S.1 aMule, Santosh, S.1 aJogdand, Vitthal, V.1 aNene, Sanjay, N.1 aGadre, Ramchandra, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/production-and-single-step-purification-cyclodextrin-glycosyltransferase-alkalophilic-001634nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131260009900200300001400299490000800313520085400321653002201175653001301197653002401210653001801234100001601252700002001268700002601288856010201314       2009                        eng d  a0960-852400aMannitol production from glycerol by resting cells of Candida magnoliae0 aMannitol production from glycerol by resting cells of Candida ma  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcOCT  a4911-49130 v1003 a<p>Production of mannitol from glycerol by resting cells of Candida magnoliae under aerobic condition was investigated. The resting cells were Suspended in aqueous Solution of glycerol in Erlenmeyer flasks and incubated on rotary shaker. The samples were analyzed by ion exclusion-HPLC equipped with refractive index and UV detector. The resting cells of C. magnoliae produced mannitol from fructose, Sucrose and glycerol but not from glucose. Addition of yeast extract and/or potassium phosphate to the glycerol solution adversely affected its conversion to mannitol. The conversion of glycerol to mannitol was dependent on oxygen availability. Using testing cells, the yield of mannitol was as high as 45%. This is probably the first report of conversion of glycerol to mannitol by osmophilic yeast. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aCandida magnoliae10aGlycerol10aMannitol production10aResting cells1 aKhan, Asiya1 aBhide, Amey, J.1 aGadre, Ramchandra, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/mannitol-production-glycerol-resting-cells-candida-magnoliae-002349nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260008000235300001200315490000700327520154200334653001701876653001001893653002501903653001101928653001701939100002101956700002601977856012802003       2010                        eng d  a1367-543500aEnhanced production of gibberellin A(4) (GA(4)) by a mutant of Gibberella fujikuroi in wheat gluten medium0 aEnhanced production of gibberellin A4 GA4 by a mutant of Gibbere  aTIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANYbSPRINGER HEIDELBERGcMAR  a297-3060 v373 a<p>Mutants of Gibberella fujikuroi with different colony characteristics, morphology and pigmentation were generated by exposure to UV radiation. A mutant, Mor-189, was selected based on its short filament length, relatively high gibberellin A(4) (GA(4)) and gibberellin A(3) (GA(3)) production, as well as its lack of pigmentation. Production of GA(4) by Mor-189 was studied using different inorganic and organic nitrogen sources, carbon sources and by maintaining the pH of the fermentation medium using calcium carbonate. Analysis of GA(4) and GA(3) was done by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and LC-MS. The mutants of G. fujikuroi produced more GA(4) when the pH of the medium was maintained above 5. During shake flask studies, the mutant Mor-189 produced 210 mg l(-1) GA(4) in media containing wheat gluten as the nitrogen source and glucose as the carbon source. Fed-batch fermentation in a 14 l agitated fermenter was performed to evaluate the applicability of the mutant Mor-189 for the production of GA(4). In 7-day fed-batch fermentation, 600 mg l(-1) GA(4) were obtained in the culture filtrate. The concentration of GA(4) and GA(3) combined was 713 mg l(-1), of which GA(4) accounted for 84% of the total gibberellin. These values are substantially higher than those published previously. The present study indicated that, along with maintenance of pH and controlled glucose feeding, the use of wheat gluten as the sole nitrogen source considerably enhances GA(4) production by the mutant Mor-189.</p>10aFermentation10aGA(4)10aGibberella fujikuroi10aMutant10aWheat gluten1 aLale, Geetanjali1 aGadre, Ramchandra, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/enhanced-production-gibberellin-a4-ga4-mutant-gibberella-fujikuroi-wheat-gluten-medium-002415nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245015200055210006900207260006900276300001100345490000700356520145300363653002201816653001501838653001701853653003101870653001401901653001701915100002601932700002601958700002801984700002302012856012602035       2011                        eng d  a1369-703X00aStrain improvement and statistical media optimization for enhanced erythritol production with minimal by-products from candida magnoliae mutant R230 aStrain improvement and statistical media optimization for enhanc  aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcJUL  a92-1000 v553 a<p>Mutants of Candida magnoliae NCIM 3470 were generated by ultra-violet and chemical mutagenesis to enhance erythritol production. The mutants were screened for higher reductase activity on agar plates containing high concentration of glucose and 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC). One of the mutants named as R23 gave maximum erythritol production, 60.3 g L(-1), compared to 14 g L(-1) of the parent strain. Glucose and yeast extract were identified as critical medium components which decide the ratio of polyols produced, mainly erythritol, mannitol and glycerol. In order to enhance the production of erythritol and to minimize the production of mannitol and glycerol, a four component-five level-three response central-composite-rotatable-design (CCRD) of response surface methodology (RSM) model was used. The optimum medium composition for erythritol production was found to contain (g L(-1)) glucose 238, yeast extract 9.2, KH(2)PO(4), 5.16 and MgSO(4) 0.23. Moreover, erythritol production was studied in a 10 L fermentor in batch and fed-batch mode using RSM optimized medium. In fed-batch fermentation, 87.8 g L(-1) erythritol was produced with 31.1% yield, without formation of any other polyols. Thus present study involving strain improvement followed by media and process optimization resulted in 6.2-fold increase in erythritol production and 3.4-fold increase in the yield. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCandida magnoliae10aErythritol10aFermentation10aMetabolite over-production10aModelling10aOptimization1 aSavergave, Laxman, S.1 aGadre, Ramchandra, V.1 aVaidya, Bhalchandra, K.1 aNarayanan, Karthik  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/strain-improvement-and-statistical-media-optimization-enhanced-erythritol-production-002163nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260006700221300001400288490000800302520131400310653002101624653001801645653001201663653000901675653002201684100001801706700002101724700002601745700002601771856012401797       2012                        eng d  a1438-769700aLipase-mediated hydrolysis of flax seed oil for selective enrichment of alpha-linolenic acid0 aLipasemediated hydrolysis of flax seed oil for selective enrichm  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcNOV  a1246-12530 v1143 a<p>Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are important ingredients of human diet because of their prominent role in the function of human brain, eye and kidney. alpha-Linolenic acid (ALA), a C18, n-3 PUFA is a precursor of long chain PUFA in humans. Commercial lipases of Candida rugosa, Pseudomonas cepacea, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Rhizomucor miehei were used for hydrolysis of flax seed oil. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography followed by gas chromatography showed that the purified oil contained 12 triacylglycerols (TAGs) with differences in fatty acid compositions. Flax seed oil TAGs contained alpha-linolenic acid (50%) as a major fatty acid while palmitic, oleic, linoleic made up rest of the portion. Among the four commercial lipases C. rugosa has preference for ALA, and that ALA was enriched in free fatty acids. C. rugosa lipase mediated hydrolysis of the TAGs resulted in a fatty acid mixture that was enriched in alpha-linolenic to about 72% yield that could be further enriched to 80% yield by selective removal of saturated fatty acids by urea complexation. Such purified ALA can be used for preparation of ALA-enriched glycerides. Practical applications: This methodology allows purifying ALA from fatty acid mixture obtained from flax seed oil by urea complexation.</p>10aa-Linolenic acid10aFlax seed oil10aLipases10aPUFA10aUrea complexation1 aRupani, Banin1 aKodam, Kisan, M.1 aGadre, Ramchandra, V.1 aNajafpour, Ghasem, D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/lipase-mediated-hydrolysis-flax-seed-oil-selective-enrichment-alpha-linolenic-acid-002192nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260005700226300001200283490000700295520130800302653002201610653001501632653001601647653002301663653002701686100002601713700002601739700002801765700002501793856013201818       2013                        eng d  a1615-759100aTwo-stage fermentation process for enhanced mannitol production using Candida magnoliae mutant R90 aTwostage fermentation process for enhanced mannitol production u  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcFEB  a193-2030 v363 a<p>Mutants of Candida magnoliae NCIM 3470 were generated by treatment of ultra-violet radiations, ethyl methyl sulphonate and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Mutants with higher reductase activity were screened by means of 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride agar plate assay. Among the screened mutants, the mutant R9 produced maximum mannitol (i.e. 46 g l(-1)) in liquid fermentation medium containing 250 g l(-1) glucose and hence was selected for further experiments. Preliminary optimization studies were carried out on shake-flask level which increased the mannitol production to 60 g l(-1) in liquid fermentation medium containing 300 g l(-1) glucose. A two-stage fermentation process comprising of growth phase and production phase was employed. During the growth phase, glucose was supplemented and aerobic conditions were maintained. Thereafter, the production phase was initiated by supplementing fructose and switching to anaerobic conditions by discontinuing aeration and decreasing the speed of agitation. The strategy of two-stage fermentation significantly enhanced the production of mannitol up to 240 g l(-1), which is the highest among all fermentative production processes and corresponds to 81 % yield and 4 g l(-1) h(-1) productivity without formation of any by-product.</p>10aCandida magnoliae10aD-Mannitol10aMutagenesis10aStrain improvement10aTwo-stage fermentation1 aSavergave, Laxman, S.1 aGadre, Ramchandra, V.1 aVaidya, Bhalchandra, K.1 aJogdand, Vitthal, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/two-stage-fermentation-process-enhanced-mannitol-production-using-candida-magnoliae-mutant-002420nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260005700235300001400292490000700306520155500313653001701868653001101885653002101896653002101917100002101938700002201959700002601981700001702007700002502024856012902049       2015                        eng d  a1615-759100aProduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids in recombinant lipomyces starkeyi through submerged fermentation0 aProduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids in recombinant lipomyc  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcJUL  a1407-14140 v383 a<p>Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are known to play an important role in human health and nutrition. Considering the limitation of LCPUFA sources, it is necessary to search new avenues for their production. Oleaginous yeasts are an attractive target for harvesting single cell oil, mainly because of the ease of cultivation with cheaper raw material. Lipomyces starkeyi is one such oleaginous yeast, which can accumulate oil to the extent of 60 % of its biomass and where genetic transformation can be achieved. In our earlier work, Delta 15 desaturase gene (AEP37840) from flax was transformed into L. starkeyi. In the present work, we report optimization of medium for the production of omega-3 enriched oil from this transformed yeast. A basic medium containing 20 g/l glucose as a carbon source and 10 g/l yeast extract as a nitrogen source was used during fermentation. At regular time intervals, glucose was fed to maintain high C:N ratio (65:10) during fermentation. Under the most favorable conditions, dry biomass and total lipid content were 18 and 7.29 g/l, respectively. Prior to genetic transformation, L. starkeyi contained 56.03 mg/l DHA along with 71.4 mg/l EPA and 42.2 mg/l ALA. Genetic engineering of this yeast resulted in a strain that produced 1080 mg/l DHA (17.4 %) along with 74.28 mg/l EPA and 126.72 mg/l ALA possibly through modification of PUFA biosynthetic pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first report of DHA enrichment and opens up avenues for LCPUFA production through L. starkeyi.</p>10aFermentation10aLCPUFA10aLipid production10aOleaginous yeast1 aSalunke, Devyani1 aManglekar, Rupali1 aGadre, Ramchandra, V.1 aNene, Sanjay1 aHarsulkar, Abhay, M.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/production-polyunsaturated-fatty-acids-recombinant-lipomyces-starkeyi-through-submerged-001677nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260008600222300001400308490000700322520074600329653001901075653001801094653001801112653001701130653001001147100002101157700002601178700001601204700001801220700002901238700002601267856011801293       2016                        eng d  a0737-393700aEncapsulation of yeast (Saccharomyces cereviciae) by spray drying for extension of shelf life0 aEncapsulation of yeast Saccharomyces cereviciae by spray drying   a530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USAbTAYLOR & FRANCIS INCcJAN  a1307-13180 v343 a<p>The objective of the present work was to encapsulate yeast using different carrier materials and examine their efficacy in retaining viability of cells after spray drying. Slurry containing yeast cells along with known amount of carrier material (maltodextrin, corn starch, gum arabic, acacia gum, polyethylene glycol 8000, -cyclodextrin, and skimmed milk powder, one at a time) was added and served as feed. Among these carrier materials attempted, corn starch and maltodextrin showed the best results with respect to powder yield (59%, w/w) and cell survival (80.5%), respectively. However, considering both survival and powder yield (67 and 59% w/w, respectively), corn starch was observed to be the most suitable carrier material.</p>10aCell viability10aEncapsulation10afreeze-drying10aspray drying10aYeast1 aChandralekha, A.1 aTavanandi, Hrishikesh1 aAmrutha, N.1 aHebbar, Umesh1 aRaghavarao, K., S. M. S.1 aGadre, Ramchandra, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/encapsulation-yeast-saccharomyces-cereviciae-spray-drying-extension-shelf-life01783nas a2200217   4500008004100000245012500041210006900166260000800235300001200243490000700255520097800262100001701240700002101257700001301278700002201291700002601313700004301339700002501382700002601407856013201433       2017                        eng d00aOptimization for the production of mycelial biomass from Benjaminiella poitrasii to isolate highly deacetylated chitosan0 aOptimization for the production of mycelial biomass from Benjami  cMAR  a145-1560 v343 a<p>Benjaminiella poitrasii, a dimorphic zygomycetous fungus contains more chitosan in the mycelial cell wall than the cell wall of its yeast form. The optimized medium containing yeast extract, peptone, MgSO4, KH2PO4, trace metals (Fe2+, Mn2+ Zn2+ and Co2+ ) solution and 1% starch produced 10-12 g/L(dry wt.) of mycelial biomass in 48 h in a 2L fermenter. Using 1N NaOH treatment from 1 g of dried biomass 51.00 ± 0.52 mg of chitosan of 42.82 KDa molecular weight and 94.24 % degree of deacetylation was extracted. With Metarhizium anisopliae chitin deacetylase (CDA), chitosan yield was 59.00 ± 0.84 mg while treatment with CDA of B. poitrasii it was 78.05 ± 0.58 mg/g of dry wt. of biomass. The chitosan dissolved in 2% acetic acid showed higher antifungal activity against Candida albicans (MIC90 0.025 mg/mL) and Candida glabrata (MIC90 0.2 mg/mL) than chitosan extracted from marine source (MIC90 &gt;1.6 mg/mL) suggesting use of fungal chitosan in healthcare.</p>1 aMane, S., R.1 aPathan, Ejaj, K.1 aKale, D.1 aGhormade, Vandana1 aGadre, Ramchandra, V.1 aRajamohanan, Pattuparambil, Ramanpilla1 aBadiger, Manohar, V.1 aDeshpande, Mukund, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/optimization-production-mycelial-biomass-benjaminiella-poitrasii-isolate-highly-deacetylated