01794nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260009900214300001200313490000700325520097900332653001901311653002301330653001501353653001101368653001201379653001401391100001801405700002001423856012101443       2009                        eng d  a0964-830500aBiodegradation and phenol tolerance by recycled cells of candida tropicalis NCIM 35560 aBiodegradation and phenol tolerance by recycled cells of candida  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJUN  a539-5420 v633 a<p>Resting cells of Candida tropicalis NCIM 3556 rapidly degraded almost completely 2 g L(-1) phenol in 16h. In this study, we explored the possibility of further increasing the efficiency of the culture by repeatedly reusing the cell for biodegradation. The effect of continuous recycling of whole cells of C. tropicalis, for biodegradation of phenol indicated that though with each recycle of the cell there was steady decline in phenol biodegradation the conversion was appreciable for five recycle (similar to 70%) and reached half-life of 50% after eleven recycles. Inhibition due to substrate, recycling of cells and adaptation of residual cell were estimated and an equation derived; which indicated that the cell resilience to phenol increased with each cycle and at the end of eleven recycle adaptation was 68%. However, when the adapted cells were sub cultured and showed marginal increase &lt;10% in biodegradation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aBiodegradation10aCandida tropicalis10aInhibition10aphenol10aRecycle10aTolerance1 aVarma, R., J.1 aGaikwad, B., G.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biodegradation-and-phenol-tolerance-recycled-cells-candida-tropicalis-ncim-3556-001942nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189260005700258300001200315490000700327520113200334653001901466653001601485653002301501653001901524653001101543100001801554700002001572856013201592       2010                        eng d  a0959-399300aContinuous phenol biodegradation in a simple packed bed bioreactor of calcium alginate-immobilized Candida tropicalis (NCIM 3556)0 aContinuous phenol biodegradation in a simple packed bed bioreact  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcMAY  a805-8090 v263 a<p>Phenol biodegradation in a continuous system of immobilized Candida tropicalis NCIM 3556 was studied. The bioreactor was simple, it had a feed inlet from the bottom and the effluent outlet from top, no supplementary oxygen was supplied, the reactor was operated continuously for 116 days. Initially the column was run continuously with a feed concentration of 2 g l(-1) for 42 days whence a degradation of &gt; 97% was achieved. The feed concentration was then increased to 3 g l(-1), for which a similar to 80% biodegradation was sustained for 90 days after which there was a steady decrease in the performance. When the phenol degradation was reduced to similar to 50% in 116 days, the reactor was stopped. The efficiency of free cells recycled every 24 h and immobilized cells were compared; it was estimated that repeated reuse of free cells in batch mode gave an overall efficiency of 0.102 g phenol degradation g(-1) cell wet weight in 12 days. In contrast, the immobilized system of the same biomass had a longer working lifetime of similar to 4 months indicating an efficiency of 3.72 g phenol g(-1) cell wet wt.</p>10aBiodegradation10aCa alginate10aCandida tropicalis10aImmobilization10aphenol1 aVarma, R., J.1 aGaikwad, B., G.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/continuous-phenol-biodegradation-simple-packed-bed-bioreactor-calcium-alginate-immobilized-001863nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260007900223300001400302490000800316520096200324653001701286653002001303653001401323653001101337653002101348653001101369100002101380700002401401700002001425700001801445700001501463856011901478       2013                        eng d  a0273-228900aBiodegradation of phenol by the yeast candida tropicalis: an investigation by NMR spectroscopy0 aBiodegradation of phenol by the yeast candida tropicalis an inve  a999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USAbHUMANA PRESS INCcAPR  a2029-20370 v1693 a<p>The process of phenol biodegradation by the yeast Candida tropicalis NCIM 3556 in aqueous medium was studied by H-1, C-13, and DOSY NMR techniques. Samples at regular intervals were centrifuged to separate the cells, and H-1 spectral data were collected at 400 MHz. Though a gradual decrease in the concentration of phenol was observed, after an incubation period of similar to 8 h, formation of any intermediate products could not be detected. Experiments carried out with uniformly C-13-labeled phenol also failed to detect formation of any carboxylic acid intermediates during degradation. The studies indicated that the phenol was completely degraded to carbon dioxide and water in approximately 20 h. Self-diffusion coefficient measurements showed that the lifetime of phenol in the bound form is too small to impart any change in its diffusion behavior and the intermediates formed are converted to carbon dioxide and water at a very fast rate.</p>10abiocatalysis10aCarboxylic acid10aDiffusion10aEnzyme10aNMR spectroscopy10aphenol1 aPhalgune, U., D.1 aRajamohanan, P., R.1 aGaikwad, B., G.1 aVarma, R., J.1 aGeorge, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biodegradation-phenol-yeast-candida-tropicalis-investigation-nmr-spectroscopy-0