02165nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245006000055210005900115260005700174300001200231490000700243520144900250653001701699653001401716653001801730653001601748653001601764100002101780700002101801700001901822856009401841 2005 eng d a1054-547600aThidiazuron-induced morphogenesis in tamarind seedlings0 aThidiazuroninduced morphogenesis in tamarind seedlings a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcMAY a240-2430 v413 a

Germination of tamarind seeds in medium containing thidiazuron (TDZ) resulted in induction of nodular protrusions in and around the cotyledonary node meristem. The structures developed radially in well-defined circles and subsequently spread towards the cotyledonary bridge and also in the proximal part of the hypocotyl. The structures developed into shoots on transfer to medium devoid of growth regulators. Histological studies revealed that the protrusions initiated from the nodal meristem and extended to the non-meristematic region between the two meristems and also in the proximal part of the hypocotyl in seedlings germinated in 9.08 mu M TDZ. Newly formed cell layers and less-differentiated meristematic protrusions were also seen. With the increase in the distance from the meristem, the buds were less differentiated; in the proximal part of the hypocotyl only the multiple layers of meristematic cells were noted. With extension of the period of incubation, the TDZ-induced meristematic activity extended laterally in circles towards the neighboring region. The radial spread of the meristematic activity from the center of the nodal meristem was also evident at 18.16 mu M TDZ. From the pattern of the morphogenic development and the histological studies it may be hypothesized that in tamarind, TDZ influences the existing meristems specifically. Subsequently de novo organogenesis is triggered in the neighboring cells.

10aCaulogenesis10aHistology10amorphogenesis10aprotrusions10athidiazuron1 aMehta, Urmil, J.1 aSahasrabudhe, N.1 aHazra, Sulekha uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/thidiazuron-induced-morphogenesis-tamarind-seedlings-002444nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245005500055210005500110260006100165300001200226490000700238520177700245653001402022653001102036653001302047653002602060653001602086100001602102700001902118856008902137 2007 eng d a1054-547600aMicropropagation of mature pongamia pinnata pierre0 aMicropropagation of mature pongamia pinnata pierre a233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcDEC a608-6130 v433 a

Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium with benzylaminopurine (BA), kinetin (KN), zeatin (Z), and thidiazuron (TDZ) were tested for induction of multiple shoots from mature-tree-derived axillary meristems of Pongamia pinnata. Sprouting of buds was 64% on medium devoid of plant growth regulators (PGR). Incorporation of BA, KN, or Z was ineffective in enhancing sprouting frequency or induction of multiple shoots. Sprouting was completely suppressed in the presence of TDZ. Caulogenic buds appeared in nodal meristems of these explants after withdrawal of TDZ. The number of shoot buds was more on explants precultured in higher concentrations. At higher concentrations of this PGR, a swelling developed at the axil. Multiple shoot primordia appeared and differentiated from this swelling after culturing these explants on MS medium for six passages of 2 wk each. Shoots were harvested and cultured on 0.45 mu M TDZ for further proliferation. Primary explants after harvesting of shoots were identified as `stump'. Reculturing of stumps on 0.45 mu M TDZ produced more shoots. This step was followed for six cycles to obtain additional shoots in each cycle. Shoots maintained on 0.45 mu M TDZ elongated and rooted (70%) on growth regulator-free medium. Rooted shoots (65%) survived transfer to a sand/soil mixture. This report describes the protocol for micropropagation of P. pinnata using mature-tree-derived nodal meristems. Recycling of mature stock to produce a stream of useable shoots for subculturing and eventual stabilization is of great value and can possibly be generalized as an isolation protocol especially for woody species. Repeated proliferation of caulogenic buds from the same origin may also find application in rescue of endangered germplasm.

10aBiodiesel10aPongam10aPongamia10ashoot differentiation10athidiazuron1 aSujatha, K.1 aHazra, Sulekha uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/micropropagation-mature-pongamia-pinnata-pierre-002363nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260007400214300001000288490000700298520158400305653002101889653002001910653002601930653001601956100002101972700001601993700001902009856011702028 2008 eng d a0167-685700aEffect of TDZ and 2, 4-D on peanut somatic embryogenesis and in vitro bud development0 aEffect of TDZ and 2 4D on peanut somatic embryogenesis and in vi aVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDSbSPRINGERcJUL a85-900 v943 a

Failure of peanut somatic embryos to convert into plantlets is attributed to the abnormal development of the plumule. Thidiazuron (TDZ) was effective in the conversion of peanut somatic embryos to plantlets by triggering morphogenetic activity in the abnormal plumules of the rooted somatic embryos. The present study aimed to induce normal embryo differentiation by culturing the embryogenic masses in embryo development medium containing 2,4-D and various concentrations of TDZ. Although this was not achieved due to restricted somatic embryo development in the presence of TDZ, bud-like projections appeared in the embryogenic masses when these were cultured in media containing combinations of 2,4-D and TDZ. These projections developed into buds, which subsequently formed shoots and plantlets. The response varied with the concentration and exposure of TDZ. At lower concentrations, the buds appeared in a defined row in the equatorial region of the explant, and with extended incubation, more and more buds appeared in rows alongside the initial row. Induction of multiple buds in a defined row in this specific site (equatorial region) suggested the presence of potent cells around this region. At higher concentrations, these projections appeared in large numbers spread over the whole upper part of the embryogenic mass starting from the equatorial region. The ability of embryogenic mass to convert into organogenic mass and to produce large number of organogenic buds provides an excellent system for basic studies and for the genetic transformation of peanut.

10aArachis hypogaea10aembyogenic mass10asomatic embryogenesis10athidiazuron1 aJoshi, Madhumita1 aSujatha, K.1 aHazra, Sulekha uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-tdz-and-2-4-d-peanut-somatic-embryogenesis-and-vitro-bud-development-002211nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245008700055210006900142260009200211300001000303490000800313520144000321653001701761653002101778653002901799653001601828100002501844700001901869856011701888 2012 eng d a1126-350400aMicropropagation of semecarpus anacardium L.: a medicinally important tree species0 aMicropropagation of semecarpus anacardium L a medicinally import a4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLANDbTAYLOR & FRANCIS LTDcOCT a61-680 v1463 a

Semecarpus anacardium L., a deciduous forest tree, is a source of medicinal compounds. Poor seed-viability restricts the conventional propagation. Micropropagation protocol is standardized for this species. Shoot culture-derived nodal explants were cultured in woody plant media supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ). Shoot differentiation from meristem was limited. Meristems swelled to form meristematic mass in higher concentrations of TDZ. Swelling of meristem was attributed to the proliferation of meristematic cells. Development of shoots from meristematic mass on withdrawal of TDZ in culture medium indicated the inhibitory influence of TDZ on differentiation of buds to form shoots. Harvesting the primary shoot, leads to appearance of additional shoot buds which elongated on repeated transfer of explants in a medium devoid of growth regulator every four weeks. Optimum (17) number of shoots obtained from each meristem in explants pre-cultured in TDZ 2.27 mu M and re-cultured in growth regulator free medium for seven cycles (28 weeks). This confirms the stimulatory influence of TDZ on proliferation of meristem and inhibitory influence on shoot differentiation. All shoots, rooted in the medium with Indole butyric acid 2.46 mu M. Plantlets survived on transfer to sand: soil (1: 1) mixture and acclimatized. This is the first report on micropropagation of S. anacardium from seedling derived nodal buds using TDZ.

10aMeristematic10amicropropagation10aSemecarpus anacardium L.10athidiazuron1 aPanda, Bhuban, Mohan1 aHazra, Sulekha uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/micropropagation-semecarpus-anacardium-l-medicinally-important-tree-species-0