01328nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245005600055210005600111260010500167300001200272490000700284520056100291653001300852653002400865653002500889653002200914100002200936700001800958700001900976700001300995856009001008       2005                        eng d  a0250-470700aCoprecipitation technique to prepare ZnM2O6 powders0 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare ZnM2O6 powders  aC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbINDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCEScJUN  a205-2070 v283 a<p>A simple coprecipitation technique was successfully applied for the preparation of pure ultrafine single phase, ZnNb2O6 (ZN). Ammonium hydroxide was used to precipitate Zn2+ and Nb5+ cations as hydroxides simultaneously. This precursor on heating at 750 degrees, produced ZN powders. For comparison, ZN powders were also prepared by the traditional solid state method. The phase contents and lattice parameters were studied by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology were studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM).</p>10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aelectronic materials10aX-ray diffraction1 aDeshpande, V., V.1 aPatil, M., M.1 aNavale, S., C.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/coprecipitation-technique-prepare-znm2o6-powders-001449nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245006200055210006200117260007300179300001400252490000700266520067700273653001300950653002300963653002400986653001101010653002201021100001801043700002201061700001801083700001301101856009301114       2005                        eng d  a0167-577X00aSynthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles at 100 degrees C0 aSynthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles at 100 degrees C  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAUG  a2523-25250 v593 a<p>A simple gel to crystal conversion route has been followed for the preparation of ultrafine Bi2O3 particles at 80-100 degrees C under refluxing conditions. Freshly prepared bismuth hydroxide gel is allowed to crystallize under refluxing and stirring conditions for 6-12 h. Formation of nanocrystallites of Bi2O3 is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. The thermal decomposition of bismuth hydroxide yields Bi2O3 only at 400 degrees C. This shows the advantage of the present method. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 50 nm for these oven-dried powders. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aPatil, M., M.1 aDeshpande, V., V.1 aDhage, S., R.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-bismuth-oxide-nanoparticles-100-degrees-c-001265nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245006700055210006700122260009900189300001200288490000700300520052600307653002400833653003500857653001800892100002100910700001700931700001300948856009800961       2005                        eng d  a0272-884200aSynthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles by citrate gel method0 aSynthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles by citrate gel method  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJAN  a889-8910 v313 a<p>A mixture of bismuth nitrate and citric acid solution is taken in 1: 1 molar ratio and heated on hot water bath. A gel is formed on evaporation of the water, which on decomposition at 400 degrees C produces nanocrystalline Bi2O3 particles. Formation of nanocrystallites of Bi2O3 is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 50 nm for these powders. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.</p>10aElectron microscopy10apowders : chemical preparation10aX-ray methods1 aAnilkumar, Mettu1 aPasricha, R.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-bismuth-oxide-nanoparticles-citrate-gel-method-001257nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131260009900200300001200299490000700311520051100318653001600829653002400845653001800869100002400887700001700911700001300928856011000941       2005                        eng d  a0272-884200aSynthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles using bismuth nitrate and urea0 aSynthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles using bismuth nitrate a  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJAN  a495-4970 v313 a<p>A mixture of bismuth nitrate and urea is taken in 1:5 molar ratio and heated on hot water bath. A precipitate is formed on evaporation of the water which on decomposition at 400 degrees C produces nanocrystalline Bi2O3 particles. Formation of nano crystallites of Bi2O3 is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations revealed for these powders an average particle size of 50 nm. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.</p>10acalcination10aElectron microscopy10aX-ray methods1 aJha, Ratnesh, Kumar1 aPasricha, R.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-bismuth-oxide-nanoparticles-using-bismuth-nitrate-and-urea-001328nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245004900055210004700104260009900151300001200250490000700262520058100269653000900850653002500859653002400884653001200908653001800920100001800938700002000956700001900976700001300995856007801008       2005                        eng d  a0272-884200aSynthesis of Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 at 100 degrees C0 aSynthesis of Ce075Zr025O2 at 100 degrees C  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJAN  a211-2130 v313 a<p>A simple gel to crystal conversion route has been used for the preparation of Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 phase at 80-100degreesC under refluxing conditions. Freshly prepared metal hydroxides gel from cerium and zirconium salt solution is allowed to crystallize under refluxing and stirring conditions for 4-10 h. Formation of nano crystallites of Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations revealed the average particle size of these powders to be 5 nm. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd and Techna S.r.l. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeO210achemical preparation10aElectron microscopy10apowders10aX-ray methods1 aDhage, S., R.1 aGaikwad, S., R.1 aMuthukumar, P.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-ce075zr025o2-100-degrees-c-001228nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245005600055210005600111260007300167300001200240490000700252520051400259653001300773653002300786653002400809653001100833653002200844100001800866700001700884700001300901856008400914       2005                        eng d  a0167-577X00aSynthesis of fine particles of ZnO at 100 degrees C0 aSynthesis of fine particles of ZnO at 100 degrees C  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAR  a779-7810 v593 a<p>A simple gel to crystal conversion route has been followed for the preparation of fine ZnO at 80-100 degreesC under refluxing conditions. Freshly prepared zinc hydroxide gel is allowed to crystallize under refluxing and stirring conditions for 4-6 It. Formation of fine crystallites of ZnO is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 100 nm for these powders. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aDhage, S., R.1 aPasricha, R.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-fine-particles-zno-100-degrees-c-001277nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245005600055210005600111260010600167300001200273490000700285520055300292653001300845653002300858653002400881653001100905653002200916100002100938700001300959856008700972       2005                        eng d  a0025-540800aSynthesis of nanocrystalline Mn3O4 at 100 degrees C0 aSynthesis of nanocrystalline Mn3O4 at 100 degrees C  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcAPR  a605-6090 v403 a<p>A simple gel to crystal conversion route has been followed for the preparation of nanocrystalline tetragonal Mn3O4 powders at 80-100 degrees C under refluxing conditions. Freshly prepared manganese hydroxide gel is allowed to crystallize under refluxing and stirring conditions for 4-6 h. Formation of nano crystallites of Mn3O4 is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 50 nm for these powders. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aAnilkumar, Mettu1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-nanocrystalline-mn3o4-100-degrees-c-001527nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245005000055210005000105260007300155300001400228490000700242520076300249653001301012653002301025653002401048653001101072653002101083100001801104700002201122700002201144700001501166700001301181856007901194       2005                        eng d  a0167-577X00aSynthesis of rutile from ATO and stearic acid0 aSynthesis of rutile from ATO and stearic acid  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcSEP  a2673-26750 v593 a<p>Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide in the rutile phase has been obtained from the solid state reaction between ammonium titanyl oxalate (ATO) and stearic acid at 400 degrees C in air. The fine powders of ATO and stearic acid are mixed well using acetone in an agate mortar and pestle for 2 h. This mixture (weight ratio of ATO to stearic acid &gt; 5) on heating at 400 degrees C produces rutile powders. For the ratios of ATO to stearic acid &lt; 5, a mixture of anatase and rutile phases is obtained. Pure ATO yields anatase phase on decomposition at 400 degrees C. These powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray techniques1 aPatil, M., M.1 aDeshpande, V., V.1 aDeshpande, S., B.1 aSamuel, V.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-rutile-ato-and-stearic-acid-001488nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245004800055210004600103260007300149300001400222490000700236520083300243653001301076653002401089653002101113653001101134100001801145700001701163700001301180856007701193       2005                        eng d  a0167-577X00aSynthesis of Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 by urea method0 aSynthesis of Sr05Ba05Nb2O6 by urea method  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAPR  a1053-10550 v593 a<p>A precipitate was formed when an aqueous solution of SrCl2, BaCl2, NbF5 and urea in stoichiometric ratio (total metal cations to urea ratio is 5) is heated on a water bath.. This precipitate on decomposition at 750 degreesC yielded the nanocrystallites of ternary oxide, Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 (SBN) as confirmed by X-ray diffraction study (XRD). This is much lower temperature as compared to that prepared by traditional solid state method (1000 degreesC as reported for the formation of SBN ceramics. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 100 nm for the calcined powders. The room temperature dielectric constant at 1 kHz is found to be 1050. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aferroelectricity10aOxides1 aDhage, S., R.1 aPasricha, R.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-sr05ba05nb2o6-urea-method-001469nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245005000055210005000105260007300155300001400228490000700242520071400249653002300963653002400986653002501010653001801035100001301053700002301066700002001089700002101109700001301130856008401143       2006                        eng d  a0167-577X00aChemical methods to synthesize FeTiO3 powders0 aChemical methods to synthesize FeTiO3 powders  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAY  a1425-14270 v603 a<p>Three different techniques were used to synthesize FeTiO3 powders. The first method is simple coprecipitation of both Fe and Ti ions under basic conditions using standard ammonia solution from aqueous ferric nitrate and titanium oxy chloride. This precipitate on heating at 400 degrees C produces ilmenite phase. The second method is to digest hydroxide precipitates at 100 degrees C to form FeTiO3 phase. The third technique is to make use of citrate process to form FeTiO3 powders. The phase contents and lattice parameters were Studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology were studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved.</p>10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aelectronic materials10aX-ray methods1 aMona, J.1 aKale, Sangeeta, N.1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/chemical-methods-synthesize-fetio3-powders-001492nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245005700055210005500112260010500167300001200272490000700284520071000291653001301001653002401014653002101038653001101059653002201070100002101092700002001113700001501133700001301148856008901161       2006                        eng d  a0250-470700aCoprecipitation technique to prepare Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O60 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare Sr05Ba05Nb2O6  aC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbINDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCEScJUN  a221-2230 v293 a<p>An aqueous mixture of ammonium oxalate and ammonium hydroxide was used to coprecipitate barium and strontium ions as oxalates and niobium ions as hydroxide under basic conditions. This precursor on calcining at 750 degrees C yielded Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 phase. This is a much lower temperature than that prepared by traditional solid state method (1000 degrees C) as reported for the formation of Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 (SBN). Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size was 80 nm for the calcined powders. The room temperature dielectric constant at I kHz was found to be 1100. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied.</p>10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aferroelectricity10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aSamuel, V.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/coprecipitation-technique-prepare-sr05ba05nb2o6-001534nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245006500055210006500120260007300185300001400258490000700272520073300279653001301012653002301025653002401048653001101072653001101083653002201094100002101116700001501137700001901152700001301171856009601184       2006                        eng d  a0167-577X00aPhase evolution of NiTiO3 prepared by coprecipitation method0 aPhase evolution of NiTiO3 prepared by coprecipitation method  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUL  a1791-17920 v603 a<p>A simple coprecipitation technique was used for the preparation of NiTiO3 powders. Ammonium carbonate solution was added to a solution mixture containing stoichiometric amounts of Ni(NO3)(2) and TiOCl2 to precipitate nickel as carbonate and titanium as hydroxide under basic conditions. The precipitate was calcined at different temperatures ranging from 100 to 800 degrees C and phase evolution of NiTiO3 was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. It is observed that nickel titanate was formed at 750 degrees C. For comparison, NiTiO3 was also prepared by standard ceramic process. Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aNiTiO310aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aSamuel, V.1 aNavale, S., C.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/phase-evolution-nitio3-prepared-coprecipitation-method-001444nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245007900055210006900134260007300203300001400276490000700290520065400297653002600951653002400977653002901001653003301030100002101063700001901084700001301103856011001116       2006                        eng d  a0167-577X00aPreparation of nanocrystalline ferroelectric BaBi4Ti4O15 by Pechini method0 aPreparation of nanocrystalline ferroelectric BaBi4Ti4O15 by Pech  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAPR  a1023-10250 v603 a<p>A gel was formed when an aqueous solution of BaCl2, BiNO3, TiOCl2 and citric acid in stoichiometric ratio is heated on a water bath. This gel on decomposition at 600 degrees C produced the nano crystallites of ternary oxide, BaBi4Ti4O15 (BBT). The phase contents and lattice parameters were Studied by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM). The room temperature dielectric constant at I KHz is 90. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied by a home built Sawyer-tower circuit. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10adielectric properties10aElectron microscopy10aferroelectric properties10apowders chemical preparation1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aNavale, S., C.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-nanocrystalline-ferroelectric-babi4ti4o15-pechini-method-001406nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245004400055210004400099260010600143300001400249490000700263520067200270653001300942653002300955653002400978653002501002653002201027100001901049700002001068700001301088856007501101       2006                        eng d  a0025-540800aSynthesis of MgNb2O6 by coprecipitation0 aSynthesis of MgNb2O6 by coprecipitation  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcJUL  a1353-13560 v413 a<p>A simple coprecipitation technique was used successfully to synthesize fine powders of MgNb2O6 (MN) phase. An aqueous mixture of ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydroxide was used to precipitate Mg2+ and Nb5+ cations as carbonate and hydroxide respectively under basic conditions. This precipitate on heating at 750 degrees C produced MN powders. For comparison MN powders were prepared by the traditional solid state method. The phase content and the lattice parameters were studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology of the particles were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aelectronic materials10aX-ray diffraction1 aNavale, S., C.1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-mgnb2o6-coprecipitation-001439nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245005000055210004900105260009900154300001200253490000700265520067900272653002100951653001300972653002400985653001101009653002201020100001901042700001901061700002001080700001301100856008401113       2007                        eng d  a0272-884200aCo-precipitation technique to prepare BaTa2O60 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare BaTa2O6  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJAN  a297-2990 v333 a<p>A mixture of ammonium oxalate and ammonium hydroxide was used to co-precipitate barium and tantalum ions as barium oxalate and tantalum hydroxide under basic conditions. On calcination at 750 degrees C, this precursor yielded BaTa2O6 (BT) ceramics. This is much lower temperature as compared to that prepared by traditional solid-state method (1000 degrees C) as reported for the formation of BaTa206. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 70 nm for the calcined powders. The room temperature dielectric constant at 1 kHz is found to be 100. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.</p>10abarium tantalate10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aNavale, S., C.1 aSamuel, Violet1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/co-precipitation-technique-prepare-bata2o6-001333nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245004900055210004900104260007300153300001400226490000700240520056500247653002300812653002400835653002500859653001100884653001800895100001500913700002000928700001900948700001800967700001300985856008100998       2007                        eng d  a0167-577X00aCoprecipitation technique to prepare NiNb2O60 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare NiNb2O6  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAY  a2354-23550 v613 a<p>A mixture of ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydroxide was used to coprecipitate nickel and niobium ions as nickel carbonate and niobium hydroxide under basic conditions. This precursor yielded NiNb2O6 (NN) ceramics on calcining at 700 degrees C (at a temperature lower than 800 degrees C which is necessary for the formation of NiNb2O6 when prepared by the traditional solid state method). The average particle size and morphology of these powders were investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aelectronic materials10aOxides10aX-ray methods1 aSamuel, V.1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aJadhav, A., D.1 aNatarajan, N.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/coprecipitation-technique-prepare-ninb2o601416nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245005700055210005700112260007300169300001200242490000700254520062500261653002300886653002400909653002500933653001100958653002200969100001500991700002001006700001901026700001801045700001301063856008601076       2007                        eng d  a0167-577X00aNovel technique to prepare LiNbO3 at low temperature0 aNovel technique to prepare LiNbO3 at low temperature  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcFEB  a765-7660 v613 a<p>Fresh niobium hydroxide was first precipitated from NbF5 solution using an aqueous ammonium hydroxide under basic conditions. Then a simple procedure of mixing lithium and niobium hydroxides together and heating at a low temperature (400 degrees C) produced pure ultrafine single phase LiNbO3 (LN). In the literature, this is the lowest temperature so far reported on the formation of LN. The phase content and lattice parameters are determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average particle size and morphology were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aelectronic materials10aLiNbO310aX-ray diffraction1 aSamuel, V.1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aJadhav, A., D.1 aMirji, S., A.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-technique-prepare-linbo3-low-temperature01515nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245008300055210006900138260009900207300001200306490000700318520067600325653001301001653002301014653002401037653001101061653001801072100002101090700002001111700001501131700001301146856011401159       2007                        eng d  a0272-884200aPreparation of nanocrystalline ferroelectric CaBi4Ti4O15 by citrate gel method0 aPreparation of nanocrystalline ferroelectric CaBi4Ti4O15 by citr  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJAN  a569-5710 v333 a<p>A gel was formed when an aqueous solution of CaCl2, BiNO3, TiOCl2 and citric acid in stoichiometric ratio is heated on a water bath. This gel on decomposition at 700 degrees C produced nano crystallites of the ternary oxide, CaBi4Ti4O15 (CBT). The phase contents and lattice parameters were studied by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM). The room temperature dielectric constant at 1 kHz is 390. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied by a home-built Sawyer-tower circuit. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.H. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray methods1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aSamuel, V.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-nanocrystalline-ferroelectric-cabi4ti4o15-citrate-gel-method-001551nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245005700055210005600112260009900168300001400267490000700281520069300288653001100981653001300992653002301005653002401028653001101052653002201063100001401085700001801099700001501117700001901132700001801151700001301169856009101182       2008                        eng d  a0272-884200aCo-precipitation technique to prepare BiNbO4 powders0 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare BiNbO4 powders  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcAUG  a1565-15670 v343 a<p>A simple co-precipitation technique was successfully used for the preparation of pure ultrafine single phase BiNbO4. A standard ammonium hydroxide solution was used to precipitate Bi3+ and Ta5+ cations as hydroxides simultaneously under basic conditions. For comparison, BN powders were also prepared by the traditional solid-state method. It is observed that the co-precipitation technique produces BiNbO4 on heating at 600 degrees C, whereas complete phase formation occurs only at 800 degrees C in the solid-state method. The phase contents and lattice parameters were Studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.</p>10aBiNbO410aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aRadha, R.1 aGupta, U., N.1 aSamuel, V.1 aMuthurajan, H.1 aKumar, H., H.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/co-precipitation-technique-prepare-binbo4-powders-001531nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245005700055210005600112260007300168300001200241490000700253520066600260653001100926653001300937653002300950653002400973653001100997653002201008100001901030700001801049700001601067700001901083700002101102700001401123700001301137856009101150       2008                        eng d  a0167-577X00aCo-precipitation technique to prepare BiTaO4 powders0 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare BiTaO4 powders  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcFEB  a501-5030 v623 a<p>A simple co-precipitation technique has been successfully used for the preparation of pure ultrafine single phase BiTaO4. A standard ammonium hydroxide solution was used to precipitate Bi3+ and Ta5+ cations as hydroxides simultaneously under basic conditions. This precursor, on heating at 600 degrees C, produced product phase. This is the lowest temperature for the formation of BiTaO4 phase so far reported in the literature. For comparison BiTaO4 powders were also prepared by the traditional solid state method. The phase contents and lattice parameters were studied by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aBiTaO410aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aMuthurajan, H.1 aGupta, U., N.1 aRituraj, B.1 aRao, Koteswara1 aPradhan, Sivaram1 aRadha, R.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/co-precipitation-technique-prepare-bitao4-powders-001785nas a2200301   4500008004100000022001400041245006900055210006900124260007900193300001400272490000700286520083700293653001101130653001301141653002301154653002401177653001101201653002201212100001401234700001901248700001901267700002101286700001801307700002401325700001801349700001301367856010301380       2008                        eng d  a1044-580300aLow temperature synthesis and characterization of BiNbO4 powders0 aLow temperature synthesis and characterization of BiNbO4 powders  a360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USAbELSEVIER SCIENCE INCcAUG  a1083-10870 v593 a<p>BiNbO4 powders, a potential microwave dielectric ceramic were prepared by both coprecipitation and solid state techniques. In the former method, an aqueous ammonium hydroxide was used to precipitate Bi3+ and Ta5+ cations as hydroxides simultaneously under basic conditions. It is observed that the co-precipitation produces BiNbO4 phase on heating at 600 degrees C, whereas complete phase formation occurs only at 800 degrees C in the case of solid state method. The phase contents and lattice parameters were studied by powder X-ray diffraction. The sequence of the reaction and phase evolution of BiNbO4 were also studied by the X-ray diffraction. The samples were characterized by the differential-thermal/thermo-gravimetric analyses and scanning electron microscopy techniques. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>10aBiNbO410aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aRadha, R.1 aMuthurajan, H.1 aRao, Koteswara1 aPradhan, Sivaram1 aGupta, U., N.1 aJha, Ratnesh, Kumar1 aMirji, S., A.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/low-temperature-synthesis-and-characterization-binbo4-powders-001672nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245007900055210006900134260007300203300001200276490000700288520080200295653002301097653002401120653002501144653002201169100001901191700001801210700001901228700002101247700002401268700001301292856011301305       2008                        eng d  a0167-577X00aLow temperature synthesis of SrNb2O6 and SrTa2O6 using hydroxide precursor0 aLow temperature synthesis of SrNb2O6 and SrTa2O6 using hydroxide  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAR  a892-8940 v623 a<p>SrNb2O6 (SN) or SrTA(2)O(6) (ST) compounds were prepared at low temperatures for the first time from hydroxide precursors. A simple procedure of mixing commercially purchased strontium hydroxide and niobium (or tantalum) hydroxide thoroughly together and heating at a low temperature (&lt;400 degrees C) produced SrNb2O6 (SN) or SrTa2O6 (ST) powders. This is the lowest temperature so far reported for the formation of these phases. These materials are potential candidates for ferroelectric and electro-optic applications. The reaction sequence and evolution of the phase formation were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The average particle size and morphology of these powders were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aelectronic materials10aX-ray diffraction1 aMuthurajan, H.1 aKumar, H., H.1 aRao, Koteswara1 aPradhan, Sivaram1 aJha, Ratnesh, Kumar1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/low-temperature-synthesis-srnb2o6-and-srta2o6-using-hydroxide-precursor-002155nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245008800055210006900143260010600212300001400318490000700332520116500339653001301504653002301517653002401540653001101564653002201575100001901597700001901616700001801635700002101653700002401674700001801698700001801716700001301734856011801747       2008                        eng d  a0025-540800aNovel hydroxide precursors for low temperature synthesis of selected ternary oxides0 aNovel hydroxide precursors for low temperature synthesis of sele  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcJUL  a1842-18490 v433 a<p>A novel method of using hydroxide precursors to reduce the synthesis temperature for few selected ternary oxides has been presented here. This technique is very useful and advantageous when the ternary oxides contain an alkaline earth element. The selected compositions for this method are BaCeO3 (BC), BaBiO3 (BB), La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 (LSCO) and BaBi2Nb2O9 (BBN). Commercially purchased strontium (or barium) hydroxide and freshly prepared lanthanum, cobalt, bismuth and niobium hydroxides were mixed thoroughly in stoichiometric ratio and heated at different temperatures ranging from 100 to 700 degrees C for 10 h for corresponding compositions. The sequence of the reaction and evolution of the product phase were studied by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The phase purity and lattice parameters were also determined by XRD investigations. All the product phases in each case were formed at relatively low temperature than when they were prepared by co-precipitation or solid state method. The morphology and average particle size of these powders were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aMuthurajan, H.1 aRao, Koteswara1 aGupta, U., N.1 aPradhan, Sivaram1 aJha, Ratnesh, Kumar1 aKumar, H., H.1 aMirji, S., A.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-hydroxide-precursors-low-temperature-synthesis-selected-ternary-oxides-001427nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245005700055210005700112260009900169300001200268490000700280520065300287653004100940653002400981653002501005653001101030100001901041700001801060700001801078700001301096856008801109       2008                        eng d  a0272-884200aNovel technique to prepare LiTaO3 at low temperature0 aNovel technique to prepare LiTaO3 at low temperature  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcAPR  a669-6700 v343 a<p>Firstly, fresh tantalum hydroxide was precipitated from TaF5 solution using an aqueous ammonium hydroxide under basic conditions. Then a simple procedure of mixing lithium and tantalum hydroxides together and heating at a low temperature (450 degrees C) produced pure ultrafine single phase LiTaO3 (LT). This is the lowest temperature so far reported for the formation of LT in the literature. The phase content and lattice parameters are determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average particle size and morphology were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.</p>10achemical synthesis X-ray diffraction10aElectron microscopy10aelectronic materials10aLiTaO31 aMuthurajan, H.1 aKumar, H., H.1 aNatarajan, N.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-technique-prepare-litao3-low-temperature-001836nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146260007300215300001400288490000700302520085800309653002201167653001301189653002301202653002401225653001101249653001801260100002501278700002801303700002501331700002201356700002001378700002101398700001301419856011401432       2008                        eng d  a0167-577X00aPreparation of ferroelectric CaBi(4)Ti(4)O(15) powders from novel hydroxide precursors0 aPreparation of ferroelectric CaBi4Ti4O15 powders from novel hydr  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAPR  a1751-17530 v623 a<p>Ferroelectric CaBi(4)Ti(4)O(15) (CBT) powders were prepared for the first time from their respective hydroxides. Commercially purchased Ca(OH)(2) is mixed thoroughly with freshly prepared Bi(OH)(3) and Ti(OH)(4) in stoichiometrie ratio and heated at different temperatures ranging from 100 to 600 degrees C. The CBT phase found to be formed at 500 degrees C by the X-ray diffraction studies. This is the lowest temperature so far reported in the literature for the formation of CBT phase. The advantage of this method is that it also avoids the formation of calcium carbonate phase during synthesis. The phase contents and lattice parameters were studied by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The average particle size and morphology were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.</p>10aCaBi(4)Ti(4)O(15)10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray methods1 aDeshmukh, Rupali, G.1 aVaishampayan, Mukta, V.1 aDarshane, Sonali, L.1 aMulla, Imtiaz, S.1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aRao, Kotaserwara1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-ferroelectric-cabi4ti4o15-powders-novel-hydroxide-precursors-001533nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260007300204300001200277490000700289520063100296653001300927653002400940653002100964653001100985653001800996653002201014100001801036700001901054700001801073700001901091700002401110700001301134856010801147       2008                        eng d  a0167-577X00aSynthesis of LSMO at low temperature by novel hydroxide precursor technique0 aSynthesis of LSMO at low temperature by novel hydroxide precurso  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcFEB  a527-5290 v623 a<p>A novel technique of mixing individual hydroxide is employed to prepare La0.65Sr0.35MnO3 (LSMO) at low temperature. Freshly prepared lanthanum and manganese hydroxides are mixed thoroughly with strontium hydroxide in stoichiometric ratio and heated at different temperatures ranging from 100 to 500 degrees C for 6 h. At 500 degrees C, formation of La0.65Sr0.35MnO3 was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction studies (XRD). This is the lowest temperature so far reported in the literature. The particle size and morphology were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aLa0.65Sr0.35MnO310aOxides10aPrecipitation10aX-ray diffraction1 aGupta, U., N.1 aMuthurajan, H.1 aKumar, H., H.1 aRao, Koteswara1 aGokhale, Suresh, P.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-lsmo-low-temperature-novel-hydroxide-precursor-technique-0