01502nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156260007400225300001000299490000700309520062700316653001300943653002300956653002500979653002101004653001101025100002001036700001801056700001901074700001501093700001301108856012701121       2005                        eng d  a1385-344900aCo-precipitation method for the preparation of nanocrystalline ferroelectric SrBi2Nb2O9 ceramics0 aCoprecipitation method for the preparation of nanocrystalline fe  aVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDSbSPRINGERcJAN  a83-870 v143 a<p>A simple co-precipitation technique had been successfully applied for the preparation of pure ultrafine single phase SrBi2Nb2O9. Ammonium hydroxide and ammonium oxalate were used to precipitate Sr2+, Bi3+ and Nb5+ cations simultaneously. No pyrochlore phase was found while heating powder at 850 C and pure SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN) phase was formed as revealed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The room temperature dielectric constant at 1 kHz is 100. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aelectronic materials10aferroelectricity10aOxides1 aGaikwad, S., P.1 aDhage, S., R.1 aPotdar, H., S.1 aSamuel, V.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/co-precipitation-method-preparation-nanocrystalline-ferroelectric-srbi2nb2o9-ceramics-001545nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245005700055210005700112260007300169300001400242490000700256520082500263653001301088653002301101653002401124653002101148653001101169100001801180700001701198700001301215856008701228       2005                        eng d  a0167-577X00aPreparation of ferroelectric BaNb2O6 the urea method0 aPreparation of ferroelectric BaNb2O6 the urea method  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUN  a1929-19310 v593 a<p>A precipitate was formed when an aqueous solution of BaCl2, NbF5 and urea in required ratio (the ratio of total metal cations to the urea is five) is heated on a water bath at 100 degrees C. This precipitate on decomposition at 600 degrees C yielded the nanocrystallites of BaNb2O6 (BN), as confirmed by X-ray diffraction study (XRD). This is a much lower temperature as compared to that prepared by traditional solid state method (1000 degrees C) as reported for the formation of BaNb2O6. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 85 nm for the calcined powders. The room temperature dielectric constant at 1 kHz is found to be 900. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aelectronic material10aferroelectricity10aOxides1 aDhage, S., R.1 aPasricha, R.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-ferroelectric-banb2o6-urea-method-001449nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245006200055210006200117260007300179300001400252490000700266520067700273653001300950653002300963653002400986653001101010653002201021100001801043700002201061700001801083700001301101856009301114       2005                        eng d  a0167-577X00aSynthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles at 100 degrees C0 aSynthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles at 100 degrees C  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAUG  a2523-25250 v593 a<p>A simple gel to crystal conversion route has been followed for the preparation of ultrafine Bi2O3 particles at 80-100 degrees C under refluxing conditions. Freshly prepared bismuth hydroxide gel is allowed to crystallize under refluxing and stirring conditions for 6-12 h. Formation of nanocrystallites of Bi2O3 is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. The thermal decomposition of bismuth hydroxide yields Bi2O3 only at 400 degrees C. This shows the advantage of the present method. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 50 nm for these oven-dried powders. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aPatil, M., M.1 aDeshpande, V., V.1 aDhage, S., R.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-bismuth-oxide-nanoparticles-100-degrees-c-001228nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245005600055210005600111260007300167300001200240490000700252520051400259653001300773653002300786653002400809653001100833653002200844100001800866700001700884700001300901856008400914       2005                        eng d  a0167-577X00aSynthesis of fine particles of ZnO at 100 degrees C0 aSynthesis of fine particles of ZnO at 100 degrees C  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAR  a779-7810 v593 a<p>A simple gel to crystal conversion route has been followed for the preparation of fine ZnO at 80-100 degreesC under refluxing conditions. Freshly prepared zinc hydroxide gel is allowed to crystallize under refluxing and stirring conditions for 4-6 It. Formation of fine crystallites of ZnO is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 100 nm for these powders. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aDhage, S., R.1 aPasricha, R.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-fine-particles-zno-100-degrees-c-001277nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245005600055210005600111260010600167300001200273490000700285520055300292653001300845653002300858653002400881653001100905653002200916100002100938700001300959856008700972       2005                        eng d  a0025-540800aSynthesis of nanocrystalline Mn3O4 at 100 degrees C0 aSynthesis of nanocrystalline Mn3O4 at 100 degrees C  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcAPR  a605-6090 v403 a<p>A simple gel to crystal conversion route has been followed for the preparation of nanocrystalline tetragonal Mn3O4 powders at 80-100 degrees C under refluxing conditions. Freshly prepared manganese hydroxide gel is allowed to crystallize under refluxing and stirring conditions for 4-6 h. Formation of nano crystallites of Mn3O4 is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 50 nm for these powders. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aAnilkumar, Mettu1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-nanocrystalline-mn3o4-100-degrees-c-001527nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245005000055210005000105260007300155300001400228490000700242520076300249653001301012653002301025653002401048653001101072653002101083100001801104700002201122700002201144700001501166700001301181856007901194       2005                        eng d  a0167-577X00aSynthesis of rutile from ATO and stearic acid0 aSynthesis of rutile from ATO and stearic acid  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcSEP  a2673-26750 v593 a<p>Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide in the rutile phase has been obtained from the solid state reaction between ammonium titanyl oxalate (ATO) and stearic acid at 400 degrees C in air. The fine powders of ATO and stearic acid are mixed well using acetone in an agate mortar and pestle for 2 h. This mixture (weight ratio of ATO to stearic acid &gt; 5) on heating at 400 degrees C produces rutile powders. For the ratios of ATO to stearic acid &lt; 5, a mixture of anatase and rutile phases is obtained. Pure ATO yields anatase phase on decomposition at 400 degrees C. These powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray techniques1 aPatil, M., M.1 aDeshpande, V., V.1 aDeshpande, S., B.1 aSamuel, V.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-rutile-ato-and-stearic-acid-001488nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245004800055210004600103260007300149300001400222490000700236520083300243653001301076653002401089653002101113653001101134100001801145700001701163700001301180856007701193       2005                        eng d  a0167-577X00aSynthesis of Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 by urea method0 aSynthesis of Sr05Ba05Nb2O6 by urea method  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAPR  a1053-10550 v593 a<p>A precipitate was formed when an aqueous solution of SrCl2, BaCl2, NbF5 and urea in stoichiometric ratio (total metal cations to urea ratio is 5) is heated on a water bath.. This precipitate on decomposition at 750 degreesC yielded the nanocrystallites of ternary oxide, Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 (SBN) as confirmed by X-ray diffraction study (XRD). This is much lower temperature as compared to that prepared by traditional solid state method (1000 degreesC as reported for the formation of SBN ceramics. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 100 nm for the calcined powders. The room temperature dielectric constant at 1 kHz is found to be 1050. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aferroelectricity10aOxides1 aDhage, S., R.1 aPasricha, R.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-sr05ba05nb2o6-urea-method-001462nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245007900055210006900134260006900203300001200272490000700284520066300291653001300954653002300967653002400990653002101014653001101035100001801046700001701064700002101081700001301102856010501115       2006                        eng d  a0254-058400aCo-precipitation technique for the preparation of ferroelectric BaBi2Ta2O90 aCoprecipitation technique for the preparation of ferroelectric B  aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcAUG  a344-3460 v983 a<p>A simple co-precipitation technique had been successfully applied for the preparation of pure ultrafine single phase BaBi2Ta2O9 (BBT). Ammonium hydroxide and ammonium oxalate were used to precipitate Ba2+, Bi3+ and Ta5+ cations simultaneously. No pyrochlore phase was found while heating powder at 800 degrees C and pure BaBi2Ta2O9 phase was found to be formed by X-ray diffraction. Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM). The room temperature dielectric constant at 1 kHz is 350. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aelectronic material10aferroelectricity10aOxides1 aDhage, S., R.1 aPasricha, R.1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/co-precipitation-technique-preparation-ferroelectric-babi2ta2o9-001492nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245005700055210005500112260010500167300001200272490000700284520071000291653001301001653002401014653002101038653001101059653002201070100002101092700002001113700001501133700001301148856008901161       2006                        eng d  a0250-470700aCoprecipitation technique to prepare Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O60 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare Sr05Ba05Nb2O6  aC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbINDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCEScJUN  a221-2230 v293 a<p>An aqueous mixture of ammonium oxalate and ammonium hydroxide was used to coprecipitate barium and strontium ions as oxalates and niobium ions as hydroxide under basic conditions. This precursor on calcining at 750 degrees C yielded Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 phase. This is a much lower temperature than that prepared by traditional solid state method (1000 degrees C) as reported for the formation of Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 (SBN). Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size was 80 nm for the calcined powders. The room temperature dielectric constant at I kHz was found to be 1100. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied.</p>10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aferroelectricity10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aSamuel, V.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/coprecipitation-technique-prepare-sr05ba05nb2o6-001534nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245006500055210006500120260007300185300001400258490000700272520073300279653001301012653002301025653002401048653001101072653001101083653002201094100002101116700001501137700001901152700001301171856009601184       2006                        eng d  a0167-577X00aPhase evolution of NiTiO3 prepared by coprecipitation method0 aPhase evolution of NiTiO3 prepared by coprecipitation method  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUL  a1791-17920 v603 a<p>A simple coprecipitation technique was used for the preparation of NiTiO3 powders. Ammonium carbonate solution was added to a solution mixture containing stoichiometric amounts of Ni(NO3)(2) and TiOCl2 to precipitate nickel as carbonate and titanium as hydroxide under basic conditions. The precipitate was calcined at different temperatures ranging from 100 to 800 degrees C and phase evolution of NiTiO3 was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. It is observed that nickel titanate was formed at 750 degrees C. For comparison, NiTiO3 was also prepared by standard ceramic process. Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aNiTiO310aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aSamuel, V.1 aNavale, S., C.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/phase-evolution-nitio3-prepared-coprecipitation-method-001439nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245005000055210004900105260009900154300001200253490000700265520067900272653002100951653001300972653002400985653001101009653002201020100001901042700001901061700002001080700001301100856008401113       2007                        eng d  a0272-884200aCo-precipitation technique to prepare BaTa2O60 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare BaTa2O6  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJAN  a297-2990 v333 a<p>A mixture of ammonium oxalate and ammonium hydroxide was used to co-precipitate barium and tantalum ions as barium oxalate and tantalum hydroxide under basic conditions. On calcination at 750 degrees C, this precursor yielded BaTa2O6 (BT) ceramics. This is much lower temperature as compared to that prepared by traditional solid-state method (1000 degrees C) as reported for the formation of BaTa206. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) investigations revealed that the average particle size is 70 nm for the calcined powders. The room temperature dielectric constant at 1 kHz is found to be 100. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.</p>10abarium tantalate10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aNavale, S., C.1 aSamuel, Violet1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/co-precipitation-technique-prepare-bata2o6-001466nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245006100055210006100116260007300177300001400250490000700264520066400271653002300935653002500958653001100983653001800994100002201012700001801034700002001052700001501072700001901087700001301106856009301119       2007                        eng d  a0167-577X00aCoprecipitation technique to prepare CoTa2O6 and CoNb2O60 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare CoTa2O6 and CoNb2O6  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAY  a2127-21290 v613 a<p>An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide was used to coprecipitate cobalt and tantalum (or niobium) ions from their precursors as hydroxides under basic conditions. This precipitate yielded CoTa2O6 (CT) or CoNb2O6 (CN) ceramics on calcining at 700 degrees C, i.e. at a temperature much lower than 900 degrees C, reported for the formation of these powders prepared by the traditional solid state method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were employed to investigate phase contents and lattice parameters. The morphology of the synthesized powders was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aChemical synthesis10aelectronic materials10aOxides10aX-ray methods1 aMulla, Imtiaz, S.1 aNatarajan, N.1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aSamuel, V.1 aGuptha, U., N.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/coprecipitation-technique-prepare-cota2o6-and-conb2o601333nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245004900055210004900104260007300153300001400226490000700240520056500247653002300812653002400835653002500859653001100884653001800895100001500913700002000928700001900948700001800967700001300985856008100998       2007                        eng d  a0167-577X00aCoprecipitation technique to prepare NiNb2O60 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare NiNb2O6  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAY  a2354-23550 v613 a<p>A mixture of ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydroxide was used to coprecipitate nickel and niobium ions as nickel carbonate and niobium hydroxide under basic conditions. This precursor yielded NiNb2O6 (NN) ceramics on calcining at 700 degrees C (at a temperature lower than 800 degrees C which is necessary for the formation of NiNb2O6 when prepared by the traditional solid state method). The average particle size and morphology of these powders were investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aelectronic materials10aOxides10aX-ray methods1 aSamuel, V.1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aJadhav, A., D.1 aNatarajan, N.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/coprecipitation-technique-prepare-ninb2o601515nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245008300055210006900138260009900207300001200306490000700318520067600325653001301001653002301014653002401037653001101061653001801072100002101090700002001111700001501131700001301146856011401159       2007                        eng d  a0272-884200aPreparation of nanocrystalline ferroelectric CaBi4Ti4O15 by citrate gel method0 aPreparation of nanocrystalline ferroelectric CaBi4Ti4O15 by citr  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJAN  a569-5710 v333 a<p>A gel was formed when an aqueous solution of CaCl2, BiNO3, TiOCl2 and citric acid in stoichiometric ratio is heated on a water bath. This gel on decomposition at 700 degrees C produced nano crystallites of the ternary oxide, CaBi4Ti4O15 (CBT). The phase contents and lattice parameters were studied by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Particle size and morphology was studied by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM). The room temperature dielectric constant at 1 kHz is 390. The ferroelectric hysteresis loop parameters of these samples were also studied by a home-built Sawyer-tower circuit. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.H. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray methods1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aSamuel, V.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-nanocrystalline-ferroelectric-cabi4ti4o15-citrate-gel-method-001959nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245007400055210006900129260009900198300001400297490000700311520103300318653001301351653002301364653000801387653001101395100001301406700002101419700001501440700002301455700001301478700001701491700001701508700001901525700002201544856010301566       2007                        eng d  a0272-884200aSynthesis of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 at 800 degrees C using citrate gel method0 aSynthesis of La07Sr03MnO3 at 800 degrees C using citrate gel met  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcAUG  a1129-11320 v333 a<p>Manganite systems have been of considerable interest in the recent past due to their potential to operate in wide property range and also to serve as effective magnetic sensing and storing devices when synthesized using stringent conditions. We report a novel citrate gel method, in which La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 system has been synthesized at temperature 800 degrees C (LSMO800) with the synthesis duration is 6 h. The results have been compared with the sample synthesized at 1050 degrees C (LSMO1050). The synthesized bulk polycrystalline sample shows single-phase nature with the increase in particle size from similar to 50 nm to 300 nm with the increase in the sintering temperature. The magnetization data for LSMO800 shows well-defined hysteresis with saturation magnetization at around 1800 Oe and Curie temperature at 360 K, which is slightly lower than that of LSMO1050, which is 375 K. The results can be well attributed to the grain boundary effects. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aCitrate gel method10aCMR10aOxides1 aRavi, V.1 aKulkarni, S., D.1 aSamuel, V.1 aKale, Sangeeta, N.1 aMona, J.1 aRajgopal, R.1 aDaundkar, A.1 aLahoti, P., S.1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-la07sr03mno3-800-degrees-c-using-citrate-gel-method-001385nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245003700055210003600092260009900128300001200227490000700239520071800246653001300964653001100977653002100988653000901009653001301018100001901031700002101050700001301071856007101084       2007                        eng d  a0272-884200aVaristors based on Ta-doped TiO20 aVaristors based on Tadoped TiO2  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcMAR  a301-3030 v333 a<p>The nonlinear current (I)-voltage (V) characteristics of titanium dioxide are examined when doped with small quantities (0.05-0.5 at.%) of tantalum pentaoxide. For optimum compositions, the nonlinear coefficients are found to be in the range of 25-30 and the breakdown field strength (EB) is similar to 4000 V/cm. The obtained alpha- and E-B-values are higher than the previously reported values for TiO2 ceramics. The acceptor like surface states at the grain boundary adsorb oxygen during sintering and cooling, leading to formation of grain boundary barrier. The grain boundary barrier height (OB) is calculated using Schottky equation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aOxides10aSchottky barrier10aTiO210avaristor1 aNavale, S., C.1 aMurugan, Vadivel1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/varistors-based-ta-doped-tio2-001524nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245006500055210006400120260009900184300001200283490000700295520068100302653001300983653002300996653002401019653001101043653000801054100001801062700001501080700001901095700001801114700001801132700001301150856009501163       2008                        eng d  a0272-884200aCo-precipitation method for preparation of Bi3TiNbO9 powders0 aCoprecipitation method for preparation of Bi3TiNbO9 powders  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcAPR  a675-6770 v343 a<p>A simple co-precipitation technique has been successfully used for the preparation of pure, ultrafine, single phase Bi3TiNbO9 (BTN). An aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution was used to simultaneously precipitate Bi3+, Ti4+ and Nb5+, cations as hydroxides under basic conditions (pH similar to 9). No pyrochlore phase was found while heating powder at 500 degrees C and pure BTN phase was found to be formed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). For comparison, BTN samples were also synthesized by the traditional solid state method. The sequence of phase formation in both cases were investigated by XRD studies. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aelectronic material10aOxides10aXRD1 aGupta, U., N.1 aSamuel, V.1 aMuthurajan, H.1 aKumar, H., H.1 aPatil, S., D.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/co-precipitation-method-preparation-bi3tinbo9-powders-001551nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245005700055210005600112260009900168300001400267490000700281520069300288653001100981653001300992653002301005653002401028653001101052653002201063100001401085700001801099700001501117700001901132700001801151700001301169856009101182       2008                        eng d  a0272-884200aCo-precipitation technique to prepare BiNbO4 powders0 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare BiNbO4 powders  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcAUG  a1565-15670 v343 a<p>A simple co-precipitation technique was successfully used for the preparation of pure ultrafine single phase BiNbO4. A standard ammonium hydroxide solution was used to precipitate Bi3+ and Ta5+ cations as hydroxides simultaneously under basic conditions. For comparison, BN powders were also prepared by the traditional solid-state method. It is observed that the co-precipitation technique produces BiNbO4 on heating at 600 degrees C, whereas complete phase formation occurs only at 800 degrees C in the solid-state method. The phase contents and lattice parameters were Studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.</p>10aBiNbO410aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aRadha, R.1 aGupta, U., N.1 aSamuel, V.1 aMuthurajan, H.1 aKumar, H., H.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/co-precipitation-technique-prepare-binbo4-powders-001531nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245005700055210005600112260007300168300001200241490000700253520066600260653001100926653001300937653002300950653002400973653001100997653002201008100001901030700001801049700001601067700001901083700002101102700001401123700001301137856009101150       2008                        eng d  a0167-577X00aCo-precipitation technique to prepare BiTaO4 powders0 aCoprecipitation technique to prepare BiTaO4 powders  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcFEB  a501-5030 v623 a<p>A simple co-precipitation technique has been successfully used for the preparation of pure ultrafine single phase BiTaO4. A standard ammonium hydroxide solution was used to precipitate Bi3+ and Ta5+ cations as hydroxides simultaneously under basic conditions. This precursor, on heating at 600 degrees C, produced product phase. This is the lowest temperature for the formation of BiTaO4 phase so far reported in the literature. For comparison BiTaO4 powders were also prepared by the traditional solid state method. The phase contents and lattice parameters were studied by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aBiTaO410aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aMuthurajan, H.1 aGupta, U., N.1 aRituraj, B.1 aRao, Koteswara1 aPradhan, Sivaram1 aRadha, R.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/co-precipitation-technique-prepare-bitao4-powders-002063nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260007300248300001400321490000700335520112300342653002301465653001501488653001401503653001101517100002501528700001301553700002201566700002301588700002201611700002001633700001301653856013101666       2008                        eng d  a0167-577X00aLa0.67Ce0.03Sr0.3MnO3-coupled microwave assisted ultra-fast synthesis of nanocrystalline cobalt oxide and Bismuth oxide0 aLa067Ce003Sr03MnO3coupled microwave assisted ultrafast synthesis  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAPR  a1511-15130 v623 a<p>Bismuth hydroxide and Cobalt hydroxide gels were freshly prepared by adding aqueous sodium hydroxide to their corresponding nitrates under basic conditions. Then they were oven dried at 373 K and found to be amorphous in X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. They crystallized into their respective oxides by microwave irradiation (2.45 GHz) in merely 2 min using La0.67Ce0.03Sr0.3MnO3 (LCSMO) as couplant in a microwave domestic oven (similar to 100 W). This is the lowest temperature treatment and synthesis time so far reported in the literature for the formation of these systems. Formation of nanocrystallites of Bi2O3 (10 nm) and Co3O4 (15 nm) has been confirmed by XRD. Normally these hydroxides produce oxides only on heating at temperature &gt;673 K or digesting them at 373 K for 4 - 6 hours as reported by us earlier. Microwave assisted heating proves to be a novel technology whose applications can be carefully harnessed due to its unique effects compared to the conventional heating, such as rapid volumetric heating, shortened reaction time and energy saving. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCitrate gel method10aManganites10aMicrowave10aOxides1 aRajagopal, Rajashree1 aMona, J.1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aKale, Sangeeta, N.1 aPradhan, Sivararn1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/la067ce003sr03mno3-coupled-microwave-assisted-ultra-fast-synthesis-nanocrystalline-cobalt-001785nas a2200301   4500008004100000022001400041245006900055210006900124260007900193300001400272490000700286520083700293653001101130653001301141653002301154653002401177653001101201653002201212100001401234700001901248700001901267700002101286700001801307700002401325700001801349700001301367856010301380       2008                        eng d  a1044-580300aLow temperature synthesis and characterization of BiNbO4 powders0 aLow temperature synthesis and characterization of BiNbO4 powders  a360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USAbELSEVIER SCIENCE INCcAUG  a1083-10870 v593 a<p>BiNbO4 powders, a potential microwave dielectric ceramic were prepared by both coprecipitation and solid state techniques. In the former method, an aqueous ammonium hydroxide was used to precipitate Bi3+ and Ta5+ cations as hydroxides simultaneously under basic conditions. It is observed that the co-precipitation produces BiNbO4 phase on heating at 600 degrees C, whereas complete phase formation occurs only at 800 degrees C in the case of solid state method. The phase contents and lattice parameters were studied by powder X-ray diffraction. The sequence of the reaction and phase evolution of BiNbO4 were also studied by the X-ray diffraction. The samples were characterized by the differential-thermal/thermo-gravimetric analyses and scanning electron microscopy techniques. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>10aBiNbO410aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aRadha, R.1 aMuthurajan, H.1 aRao, Koteswara1 aPradhan, Sivaram1 aGupta, U., N.1 aJha, Ratnesh, Kumar1 aMirji, S., A.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/low-temperature-synthesis-and-characterization-binbo4-powders-001788nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260007300247300001200320490000700332520081000339653002301149653000901172653001501181653001401196653001101210100002301221700002501244700001301269700001901282700002201301700002501323700002201348700001301370856011501383       2008                        eng d  a0167-577X00aMicrowave assisted low temperature rapid synthesis of manganite system using La0.67Ce0.03Sr0.3MnO3 mini-cavity furnace0 aMicrowave assisted low temperature rapid synthesis of manganite   aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJAN  a191-1930 v623 a<p>Amorphous La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCMO) precursor powders synthesized by the citrate gel method at 673 K, have been found to crystallize by microwave irradiation in just 60 s using La0.67Ce0.03Sr0.3MnO3 (Ce-LSMO) as couplant. This is the lowest temperature treatment and synthesis time so far reported in literature for the fort-nation of manganite systems. Using ceramic route, the same amorphous samples crystallize on heat treatment only at temperatures greater than 1000 K. The microwave heating through this method is novel and has tremendous potential for accelerating the evolution of the product phase in very shorter durations, with just low temperature processing of the precursors, which cannot be realized in normal process. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCitrate gel method10aLSMO10aManganites10aMicrowave10aOxides1 aKale, Sangeeta, N.1 aRajagopal, Rajashree1 aMona, J.1 aLondhe, D., P.1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aJagadale, Tushar, C.1 aSatyanarayana, C.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/microwave-assisted-low-temperature-rapid-synthesis-manganite-system-using-002155nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245008800055210006900143260010600212300001400318490000700332520116500339653001301504653002301517653002401540653001101564653002201575100001901597700001901616700001801635700002101653700002401674700001801698700001801716700001301734856011801747       2008                        eng d  a0025-540800aNovel hydroxide precursors for low temperature synthesis of selected ternary oxides0 aNovel hydroxide precursors for low temperature synthesis of sele  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcJUL  a1842-18490 v433 a<p>A novel method of using hydroxide precursors to reduce the synthesis temperature for few selected ternary oxides has been presented here. This technique is very useful and advantageous when the ternary oxides contain an alkaline earth element. The selected compositions for this method are BaCeO3 (BC), BaBiO3 (BB), La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 (LSCO) and BaBi2Nb2O9 (BBN). Commercially purchased strontium (or barium) hydroxide and freshly prepared lanthanum, cobalt, bismuth and niobium hydroxides were mixed thoroughly in stoichiometric ratio and heated at different temperatures ranging from 100 to 700 degrees C for 10 h for corresponding compositions. The sequence of the reaction and evolution of the product phase were studied by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The phase purity and lattice parameters were also determined by XRD investigations. All the product phases in each case were formed at relatively low temperature than when they were prepared by co-precipitation or solid state method. The morphology and average particle size of these powders were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray diffraction1 aMuthurajan, H.1 aRao, Koteswara1 aGupta, U., N.1 aPradhan, Sivaram1 aJha, Ratnesh, Kumar1 aKumar, H., H.1 aMirji, S., A.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-hydroxide-precursors-low-temperature-synthesis-selected-ternary-oxides-001836nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146260007300215300001400288490000700302520085800309653002201167653001301189653002301202653002401225653001101249653001801260100002501278700002801303700002501331700002201356700002001378700002101398700001301419856011401432       2008                        eng d  a0167-577X00aPreparation of ferroelectric CaBi(4)Ti(4)O(15) powders from novel hydroxide precursors0 aPreparation of ferroelectric CaBi4Ti4O15 powders from novel hydr  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAPR  a1751-17530 v623 a<p>Ferroelectric CaBi(4)Ti(4)O(15) (CBT) powders were prepared for the first time from their respective hydroxides. Commercially purchased Ca(OH)(2) is mixed thoroughly with freshly prepared Bi(OH)(3) and Ti(OH)(4) in stoichiometrie ratio and heated at different temperatures ranging from 100 to 600 degrees C. The CBT phase found to be formed at 500 degrees C by the X-ray diffraction studies. This is the lowest temperature so far reported in the literature for the formation of CBT phase. The advantage of this method is that it also avoids the formation of calcium carbonate phase during synthesis. The phase contents and lattice parameters were studied by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The average particle size and morphology were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.</p>10aCaBi(4)Ti(4)O(15)10aCeramics10aChemical synthesis10aElectron microscopy10aOxides10aX-ray methods1 aDeshmukh, Rupali, G.1 aVaishampayan, Mukta, V.1 aDarshane, Sonali, L.1 aMulla, Imtiaz, S.1 aGaikwad, A., B.1 aRao, Kotaserwara1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-ferroelectric-cabi4ti4o15-powders-novel-hydroxide-precursors-001533nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260007300204300001200277490000700289520063100296653001300927653002400940653002100964653001100985653001800996653002201014100001801036700001901054700001801073700001901091700002401110700001301134856010801147       2008                        eng d  a0167-577X00aSynthesis of LSMO at low temperature by novel hydroxide precursor technique0 aSynthesis of LSMO at low temperature by novel hydroxide precurso  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcFEB  a527-5290 v623 a<p>A novel technique of mixing individual hydroxide is employed to prepare La0.65Sr0.35MnO3 (LSMO) at low temperature. Freshly prepared lanthanum and manganese hydroxides are mixed thoroughly with strontium hydroxide in stoichiometric ratio and heated at different temperatures ranging from 100 to 500 degrees C for 6 h. At 500 degrees C, formation of La0.65Sr0.35MnO3 was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction studies (XRD). This is the lowest temperature so far reported in the literature. The particle size and morphology were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aElectron microscopy10aLa0.65Sr0.35MnO310aOxides10aPrecipitation10aX-ray diffraction1 aGupta, U., N.1 aMuthurajan, H.1 aKumar, H., H.1 aRao, Koteswara1 aGokhale, Suresh, P.1 aRavi, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-lsmo-low-temperature-novel-hydroxide-precursor-technique-0