01161nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245006400055210006400119260007300183300001200256490000800268520047000276653002100746653002000767653001800787653001400805100001600819700002200835856009800857       2005                        eng d  a1381-116900aCatalyzing Henry reactions in chloroaluminate ionic liquids0 aCatalyzing Henry reactions in chloroaluminate ionic liquids  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUL  a244-2480 v2353 a<p>Henry reactions can be accelerated in chloroaluminate room temperature ionic liquids. The choloroaluminates with higher compositions of organic species of the chloroaluminates prove to be more efficient rate promoters than the ones with lower organic species in catalyzing Henry reactions. involving both aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds. The ionic liquids can be recycled five times to offer good yields. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10achloroaluminates10aHenry reactions10aionic liquids10aRecycling1 aKumar, Anil1 aPawar, Sanjay, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/catalyzing-henry-reactions-chloroaluminate-ionic-liquids-000747nas a2200133   4500008004100000022001400041245022000055210006900275260010600344300001400450490000700464100001600471856012600487       2005                        eng d  a0009-250900aComment on ``Prediction of viscosity of mixed electrolyte solutions based on the Eyring's absolute rate theory and the equations of Patwardhan and Kumar by Y.-F. Hu'' (Chemical Engineering Science 2003,59,2457-2464)0 aComment on Prediction of viscosity of mixed electrolyte solution  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcMAR  a1793-17950 v601 aKumar, Anil  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/comment-prediction-viscosity-mixed-electrolyte-solutions-based-eyrings-absolute-rate-101796nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245007700055210006900132260007300201300001200274490000800286520108400294653002001378653000801398653001701406653002101423100002201444700001601466856010801482       2006                        eng d  a0011-916400aComparison of flow structures in spacer-filled flat and annular channels0 aComparison of flow structures in spacerfilled flat and annular c  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAY  a236-2440 v1913 a<p>Spacers are designed to create directional changes in the flow through membrane modules. Such secondary flow structures reduce concentration polarization and membrane fouling. Obviously, type of the spacer used in membrane modules strongly influences the resulting flow and therefore performance of the module. In this work, we have modeled detailed fluid dynamics of spacer filled channels by using the `unit cell' approach. The validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was used to evaluate performance of certain spacer shapes and compare the resulting fluid dynamics in flat and curved channels. The simulations show that fluid flow behavior in a spacer-filled flat and a spiral channel was not significantly different. This means that pressure drops and mass transfer coefficients measured in flat channels may provide adequate guidelines, which would also be valid for spiral-wound modules. The results presented in this work will have significant implications for identifying improved spacers with higher propensities to reduce fouling in membrane modules.</p>10aannular channel10aCFD10aflat channel10amembrane spacers1 aRanade, Vivek, V.1 aKumar, Anil  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/comparison-flow-structures-spacer-filled-flat-and-annular-channels-001599nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245008800055210006900143260007500212300001100287490000700298520078500305653001601090653001701106653002001123653002901143100001601172700002301188700002301211700001601234856011901250       2009                        eng d  a0095-978200aCorrelations of thermodynamic properties of aqueous amino acid-electrolyte mixtures0 aCorrelations of thermodynamic properties of aqueous amino acidel  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERScJAN  a95-1140 v383 a<p>Suitable equations have been proposed to correlate thermodynamic properties, like mean ion activity coefficients, volumes and compressibilities, of amino acids in electrolyte solutions. An amino acid-electrolyte-water interaction parameter is extracted from the regression of the amino acid property values in aqueous electrolyte solution that is then transferred to an expression to correlate the properties of the electrolyte in mixtures. The single interaction parameter can successfully correlate the published data on mean ion activity coefficients, apparent molar volumes and compressibilities of amino acids as well as of electrolytes in their aqueous mixtures. The equations are tested against the large number of experimental data sets available in the literature.</p>10aAmino acids10aElectrolytes10aPitzer equation10aThermodynamic properties1 aSaritha, C.1 aSatpute, Dilip, B.1 aBadarayani, Rohini1 aKumar, Anil  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/correlations-thermodynamic-properties-aqueous-amino-acid-electrolyte-mixtures-001633nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245011200055210006900167260007100236300001200307490000800319520097800327100002601305700001601331856012801347       2010                        eng d  a1520-610600aContrasting thermosolvatochromic trends in pyridinium-, pyrrolidinium-, and phosphonium-based ionic liquids0 aContrasting thermosolvatochromic trends in pyridinium pyrrolidin  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcJAN  a376-3810 v1143 a<p>Thermosolvatochromism has been studied in three series of ionic liquids, pyridinium-based 1-butylpyridinium, 1-hexylpyridinium, and 1-octylpyridinium with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [NTf2] and tetrafluoroborate [BF4] anions, pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids 1-methyl-1-butylpyrrolidium, 1-methyl-1-hexylpyrrolidium, 1-methyl-1-octylpyrrolidium with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide anion and phosphonium-based ionic liquids tetrabutylphosphonium with alanate and valinate anions. The effect of increase in alkyl chain length and temperature on normalized polarity E-T(N), Kanilet-Taft parameters, hydrogen bond donor ability (alpha), hydrogen bond acceptor ability (beta), and polarizability (pi*) was investigated in the temperature range of 298-353 K. Interestingly, the polarity decreases with temperature in the case of pyridinium- and pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids, and it increases with temperature in the case of phosphonium-based ionic liquids.</p>1 aKhupse, Nageshwar, D.1 aKumar, Anil  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/contrasting-thermosolvatochromic-trends-pyridinium-pyrrolidinium-and-phosphonium-based-001751nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245006100055210005900116260007100175300001600246490000800262520118600270100002601456700001601482856009501498       2011                        eng d  a1089-563900aCosolvent-directed diels-alder reaction in ionic liquids0 aCosolventdirected dielsalder reaction in ionic liquids  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcSEP  a10211-102170 v1153 a<p>The rate constants of a bimolecular Diels-Alder reaction in binary mixtures of ionic liquids prepared in molecular solvents were analyzed to investigate the effect of viscosity of the medium and solvent effect. In this connection, we have carried out the Diels-Alder reaction of anthracene 9-carbinol with N-ethyl maleimide in binary mixtures of pyridinium-based ionic liquids, 1-butyl-pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, 1-buty1-3-pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, and 1-butyl-4-methyl pyridinium tetrafluoroborate in water, methanol, and chloroform at 298.15 K. The rates of reaction decreased, caused by gradually increasing the volume fraction of ionic liquids in solvents for all three ionic liquids. The kinetic results demonstrate a successful application of the pairwise interaction model built upon the concept of enforced hydrophobic hydration. A temperature-dependent study of kinetics of the Diels-Alder reaction was carried out in the binary mixtures of ionic liquids in water and was explained by the entropy-enthalpy compensation effect based upon activation parameters. Kinetics of the Diels-Alder reaction in highly aqueous medium was noted to be entropically driven.</p>1 aKhupse, Nageshwar, D.1 aKumar, Anil  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/cosolvent-directed-diels-alder-reaction-ionic-liquids-001806nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149260005700218300001400275490000700289520103500296653001701331653002301348653003401371653003501405100001901440700001601459856012501475       2014                        eng d  a1618-954X00aCalorimetric elucidation of ionic interactions in room temperature ionic liquid solutions0 aCalorimetric elucidation of ionic interactions in room temperatu  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcDEC  a1529-15360 v163 a<p>Knowledge of thermal properties of room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) solutions is essential in chemical process designing in addition to their application in understanding ionic interactions at molecular level. RTILs are considered to be substitutes for volatile organic compounds. While some experimental thermal data on these systems are available in a random manner, the modeling efforts to correlate enthalpy-concentration profiles of RTIL solutions are very scanty. In this review, an effort has been made to compare and discuss the experimental data of these RTIL solutions available in the literature. The readers are also made aware of the disappointing situation regarding the availability of any type of correlative models for the enthalpy-concentration data of the RTIL systems. An accurate knowledge of activity coefficients at infinite dilutions, Iyen (i) (a) acquired from thermal data will serve as inputs for the newer less polluting process designing and thus open opportunity for a cleaner environment.</p>10aCalorimeters10aCorrelative models10aExcess partial molar enthalpy10aRoom temperature ionic liquids1 aRai, Gitanjali1 aKumar, Anil  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/calorimetric-elucidation-ionic-interactions-room-temperature-ionic-liquid-solutions-001555nas a2200157   4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260000800201300001400209490000700223520099800230100002101228700001701249700001601266856011501282       2016                        eng d00aCan a diels-alder reaction accelerate in a supersaturated solvent at room temperature?0 aCan a dielsalder reaction accelerate in a supersaturated solvent  cAUG  a8355-83630 v403 a<p>A new supersaturated solvent is proposed to accelerate the Diels–Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and methyl acrylate by several times. The proposed supersaturated solvent consists of various carbohydrates, organic acid and organic ketone in water, beyond their solubility limits in water, at room temperature. The results demonstrate that the presence of excess –OH groups from the carbohydrates plays a pivotal role leading to the increased reactivity and selectivity of the Diels–Alder reaction. The role of hydrogen bond accelerators and polarity of the solvent have been analyzed through a comparative study of the same reaction in similar green solvents. Collision-controlled reaction theory has been invoked to understand the role of encounter complexes to accelerate such a reaction at the molecular level in such highly viscous supersaturated solvent. No detrimental effects from the high viscosity of the new solvent medium on the reaction kinetics was been noted.</p>1 aNagare, Amit, S.1 aManna, Arpan1 aKumar, Anil  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/can-diels-alder-reaction-accelerate-supersaturated-solvent-room-temperature02007nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245014800055210006900203260007500272300001400347490000700361520110400368653002501472653002101497653003101518653001401549653001801563100002201581700002601603700001601629856013201645       2016                        eng d  a1439-423500aComparative investigation of the ionicity of aprotic and protic ionic liquids in molecular solvents by using conductometry and NMR spectroscopy0 aComparative investigation of the ionicity of aprotic and protic   aPOSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcAPR  a1006-10170 v173 a<p>Electrical conductivity (sigma), viscosity (), and self-diffusion coefficient (D) measurements of binary mixtures of aprotic and protic imidazolium-based ionic liquids with water, dimethyl sulfoxide, and ethylene glycol were measured from 293.15 to 323.15K. The temperature dependence study reveals typical Arrhenius behavior. The ionicities of aprotic ionic liquids were observed to be higher than those of protic ionic liquids in these solvents. The aprotic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [bmIm][BF4], displays 100% ionicity in both water and ethylene glycol. The protic ionic liquids in both water and ethylene glycol are classed as good ionic candidates, whereas in DMSO they are classed as having a poor ionic nature. The solvation dynamics of the ionic species of the ionic liquids are illustrated on the basis of the (HNMR)-H-1 chemical shifts of the ionic liquids. The self-diffusion coefficients D of the cation and anion of [HmIm][CH3COO] in D2O and in [D-6]DMSO are determined by using H-1 nuclei with pulsed field gradient spin-echo NMR spectroscopy.</p>10aconducting materials10aElectrochemistry10aelectrostatic interactions10aIon pairs10aionic liquids1 aThawarkar, Sachin1 aKhupse, Nageshwar, D.1 aKumar, Anil  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/comparative-investigation-ionicity-aprotic-and-protic-ionic-liquids-molecular-solvents-using01833nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260011000241300001400351490000700365520113800372100001701510700001601527856013201543       2016                        eng d  a1463-907600aConcentration-dependent apparent partition coefficients of ionic liquids possessing ethyl-and bi-sulphate anions0 aConcentrationdependent apparent partition coefficients of ionic   aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJAN  a1105-11130 v183 a<p>This study deals with the concentration dependent apparent partition coefficients log P of the ethyl and bisulfate-based ionic liquids. It is observed that the bisulfate-based ionic liquids show different behaviour with respect to concentration as compared to ethyl sulphate-based ionic liquids. It is significant and useful analysis for the further implementation of alkyl sulfate based ionic liquids as solvents in extraction processes. The log P values of the ethyl sulphate-based ionic liquids were noted to vary linearly with the concentration of the ionic liquid, whereas a flip-flop trend with the concentration for the log P values of the bisulphate-based ionic liquids was observed due to the difference in hydrogen bond accepting basicity and possibility of aggregate formation of these anions. The pi-pi interactions between the imidazolium and pyridinium rings were seen to affect the log P values. The alkyl chain length of anions was also observed to influence the log P values. The hydrophobicity of ionic liquid changes with the alkyl chain in the anion in the order; [HSO4](-) &lt; [EtSO4](-) &lt; [BuSO4](-).</p>1 aJain, Preeti1 aKumar, Anil  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/concentration-dependent-apparent-partition-coefficients-ionic-liquids-possessing-ethyl-and-101569nas a2200145   4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260000800209300001000217490000700227520103500234100001701269700001601286856012101302       2017                        eng d00aComparable ionicity of the solutions of aprotic and protic ionic liquids by anion substitution0 aComparable ionicity of the solutions of aprotic and protic ionic  cJUN  a1-13 0 v463 aTemperature dependent molar conductances and fluidities of bisulfate and ethyl sulfate anion-based ionic liquids were measured. The extent of dissociation of the ionic liquids was estimated from the Walden plot in term of ionicity. The ionicity mainly depends on the magnitude of Coulombic forces, altered by the anion’s Lewis basicity. Aqueous solutions of aprotic ionic liquids, in general, possesses ionicity in the range of ≈70–99%. This article reveals that the substitution of the anion by bisulfate and ethylsulfate reduces the ionicity of aqueous solution of these ionic liquids to the range of 10–37%. This is very close to that exhibited by some of the protic ionic liquids and phosphonium based ionic liquids with sweetner anions. The concentration dependent molar conductance of these ionic liquids has been fitted to Mahiuddin and Ismail’s equation. To our surprise, the molar conductances of bisulfate-based aprotic ionic liquids are remarkably high, even though these ionic liquids possess lower ionicity.1 aJain, Preeti1 aKumar, Anil  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/comparable-ionicity-solutions-aprotic-and-protic-ionic-liquids-anion-substitution