01211nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245013700055210006900192260011000261300001400371490000700385520034200392100002100734700002200755700002200777700002500799700003000824700002400854856012700878 2010 eng d a1359-734500aHigh aspect ratio nanoscale multifunctional materials derived from hollow carbon nanofiber by polymer insertion and metal decoration0 aHigh aspect ratio nanoscale multifunctional materials derived fr aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJUN a5590-55920 v463 a

A novel high aspect ratio material which can simultaneously display multiple functions such as proton and electron conductivity and electrocatalytic activity has been developed by incorporating both platinum nanoparticles and phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole along the inner and outer surfaces of a hollow carbon nanofiber.

1 aBalan, Beena, K.1 aKale, Vinayak, S.1 aAher, Pradnya, P.1 aShelke, Manjusha, V.1 aPillai, Vijayamohanan, K.1 aKurungot, Sreekumar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/high-aspect-ratio-nanoscale-multifunctional-materials-derived-hollow-carbon-nanofiber-003220nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245018200055210006900237260007100306300001600377490000800393520240800401100002502809700002402834700003002858700002402888856012602912 2010 eng d a1932-744700aHigh pt utilization electrodes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells by dispersing pt particles formed by a preprecipitation method on carbon ``polished'' with polypyrrole0 aHigh pt utilization electrodes for polymer electrolyte membrane  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcSEP a14654-146610 v1143 a

Pt utilization on carbon black (CB) has been significantly improved by initially utilizing polypyrrole (PPy) as a moiety to ``polish'' the carbon surface and subsequently by dispersing Pt particles formed by a preprecipitation process to minimize their migration into the geometrically restricted areas of the carbon surface. This process strategy has helped to significantly extend the triple-phase boundary as a greater number of Pt particles comes in direct contact with Nafion, leading to a substantial improvement in the overall catalyst utilization. Preliminary analyses such as IR, thermogravimetric analysis, and N(2) sorption confirmed the presence of PPy on the surface. Approximately 50% reduction in the surface area of CB after the controlled in situ polymerization of pyrrole monomer on the carbon surface indicated preferential filling and coverage of pores and other geometrically restricted pockets of carbon surface. On the other hand, by converting Pt into colloids in the preprecipitation method prior to their reduction, the platinum particles are forced to stay on the hybrid support; a major part of which otherwise would have been migrated into the surface pores and defect sites. Platinum particle size on these hybrid supports is 2 times higher than the catalyst prepared by polyol process. However, the electroactive surface area and mass activity are 2 times higher than that of the Pt particles prepared by polyol on hybrid material and are also significantly higher than that of the conventional electrocatalysts prepared by the polyol method. At 0.8 V, the kinetic current density (j(k)) of Pt/C-PPy-Pre obtained from the Koutecky-Levich plot is 1.5 and 2.5 times higher than that of catalysts prepared by the polyol method on PPy-coated carbon and Vulcan XC-72 carbon, respectively. Almost 210 and 160 mW cm(-2) improvement for the maximum power density, respectively with oxygen and air, was obtained with the modified system in comparison to the conventional system when the single cell evaluations were carried out at 60 degrees C with a Pt loading of 0.5 mg cm(-2) in the anode and cathode sides. This enhancement in the cell performance under the two different oxygen partial pressure conditions clearly emphasizes the improved oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and mass-transfer characteristics of the hybrid electrode material compared to the other catalysts.

1 aUnni, SreeKuttan, M.1 aDhavale, Vishal, M.1 aPillai, Vijayamohanan, K.1 aKurungot, Sreekumar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/high-pt-utilization-electrodes-polymer-electrolyte-membrane-fuel-cells-dispersing-pt-002532nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160260011000229300001600339490000700355520184200362100002102204700002402225856012502249 2011 eng d a0959-942800aHighly exposed and activity modulated sandwich type Pt thin layer catalyst with enhanced utilization0 aHighly exposed and activity modulated sandwich type Pt thin laye aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcOCT a19039-190480 v213 a

A Pt thin layer catalyst supported on an in situ prepared `RuO(2)-carbon-RuO(2)' sandwich type hybrid support is presented. This is achieved by the extensive functionalization of a hollow carbon nanofiber support to introduce oxygen containing functional groups (FCNF) with the specific aim to accomplish the exclusive adsorption of Ru ions along its inner cavity and outer surfaces. Preferential adsorption of Ru ions from a mixture of Pt and Ru with sufficient time for adsorption and reorganization of ions on the carbon nanofiber surface leads to the in situ renovation of FCNFs to form a hybrid `RuO(2)-carbon-RuO(2)' sandwich type support followed by Pt nanoparticle decoration. While the selective exposure of Pt on the hybrid support surface is confirmed from the HRTEM analysis, the electronic changes effected in the CNF support are evident from the XPS and XRD analysis. Finally, the potential benefit of such a design is also demonstrated using electrochemical studies, where the three-fold increase in the electrochemically active surface area from cyclic voltammetric analysis, a four-fold improvement in the limiting current density coupled with a 80 mV gain in onset potential from rotating disc electrode studies for the oxygen reduction reaction, and a drastic reduction in the CO poisoning for methanol oxidation reaction underlines the superb performance of this material. Such an exceptionally high performance can be attributed to the strong electronic perturbations occurring in the Pt and the FCNF support due to the presence of a continuous RuO(2) layer in between. Such a high aspect ratio core-shell type design with an unusual enhancement in the Pt utilization establishes the roles of both the hybrid support and active catalyst to address the future challenges in the area of utilization improvement.

1 aBalan, Beena, K.1 aKurungot, Sreekumar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/highly-exposed-and-activity-modulated-sandwich-type-pt-thin-layer-catalyst-enhanced-002041nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260011000248300001200358490000600370520129000376100002401666700003001690700002401720856012701744 2012 eng d a2040-336400aHydrous RuO2-carbon nanofiber electrodes with high mass and electrode-specific capacitance for efficient energy storage0 aHydrous RuO2carbon nanofiber electrodes with high mass and elect aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcDEC a890-8960 v43 a

We demonstrate a new strategy for the fabrication of supercapacitor electrodes possessing high mass and area-specific capacitance for efficient charge storage, which can be extremely useful for the development of light, compact and high performance supercapacitors for a variety of high power demanding applications. High mass and electrode area specific capacitances were attained by using Hydrous Ruthenium Oxide (HRO)-Carbon Nanofiber (CNF) hybrid electrodes prepared by the deposition of HRO (similar to 31% Ru content) on both the outer and inner surfaces of a cylindrical hollow CNF having open tips. Electrochemical studies of the uniformly deposited HRO nanoparticles on the CNF surface showed a mass specific capacitance of 645 F g(-1) and an electrode specific capacitance of 1.29 F cm(-2) with a HRO-CNF material loading of 2 mg cm(-2) in the supercapacitor electrodes. The mass specific capacitance of pure HRO is 301 F g(-1), whereas the mass specific capacitance of HRO in the HRO-CNF electrode is similar to 1300 F g(-1), which is very close to the theoretical capacitance of HRO. This enhanced charge storage ability, high rate capability, better cyclic stability and low ESR of the HRO-CNF will be useful for the development of high performance supercapacitors.

1 aVellacheri, Ranjith1 aPillai, Vijayamohanan, K.1 aKurungot, Sreekumar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/hydrous-ruo2-carbon-nanofiber-electrodes-high-mass-and-electrode-specific-capacitance-001270nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245014100055210006900196260011000265300001400375490000700389520039400396100002500790700002500815700002100840700002600861700002400887700002100911856013200932 2016 eng d a1359-734500aHigh hydroxide conductivity in a chemically stable crystalline metal-organic framework containing a water-hydroxide supramolecular chain0 aHigh hydroxide conductivity in a chemically stable crystalline m aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJUN a8459-84620 v523 a

A chemically stable cationic MOF encapsulating an in situ formed water-hydroxide supramolecular anionic chain is realized for high hydroxide (OH-) ion conductivity in the solid-state (Type A). High OH- ion conductivity and low activation energy of the MOF demonstrate the advantage of the in situ incorporation of OH- ions to achieve efficient OH- ion conduction in the solid-state.

1 aNagarkar, Sanjog, S.1 aAnothumakkool, Bihag1 aDesai, Aamod, V.1 aShirolkar, Mandar, M.1 aKurungot, Sreekumar1 aGhosh, Sujit, K. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/high-hydroxide-conductivity-chemically-stable-crystalline-metal-organic-framework-containing01077nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260000800238300001600246490000600262520037200268100002300640700002800663700002200691700002400713700002100737856012500758 2016 eng d a2040-336400aHigh-index faceted Au nanocrystals with highly controllable optical properties and electro-catalytic activity0 aHighindex faceted Au nanocrystals with highly controllable optic cNOV a19224-192280 v83 a

We introduce a new and naturally abundant mild reducing agent, tannic acid, to improve the seed-mediated growth method for the synthesis of elongated tetrahexahedral Au nanocrystals enclosed with high-index (730) planes, at room-temperature. The control of the dimensions, plasmonics and electro-catalysis of such high-index faceted nanocrystals is remarkable.

1 aRajendra, Ranguwar1 aGangadharan, Pranav, K.1 aTripathi, Shalini1 aKurungot, Sreekumar1 aBallav, Nirmalya uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/high-index-faceted-au-nanocrystals-highly-controllable-optical-properties-and-electro01743nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260007100266300001400337490000600351520069700357653002201054653002301076653003101099653001401130653002401144653001901168100002501187700002401212700002101236700002701257700002501284700002401309856013201333 2016 eng d a1944-824400aHigh-Performance flexible solid-state supercapacitor with an extended nanoregime interface through in situ polymer electrolyte generation0 aHighPerformance flexible solidstate supercapacitor with an exten a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcJAN a1233-12410 v83 a

{Here, we report an efficient strategy by which a significantly enhanced electrodeelectrolyte interface in an electrode for supercapacitor application could be accomplished by allowing in situ polymer gel electrolyte generation inside the nanopores of the electrodes. This unique and highly efficient strategy could be conceived by judiciously maintaining ultraviolet-triggered polymerization of a monomer mixture in the presence of a high-surface-area porous carbon. The method is very simple and scalable, and a prototype, flexible solid-state supercapacitor could even be demonstrated in an encapsulation-free condition by using the commercial-grade electrodes (thickness = 150 mu m

10acyclic voltametry10aimpedance analysis10ain situ polymer generation10ainterface10apolymer electrolyte10asupercapacitor1 aAnothumakkool, Bihag1 aTorris, Arun, A. T.1 aVeeliyath, Sajna1 aVijayakumar, Vidyanand1 aBadiger, Manohar, V.1 aKurungot, Sreekumar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/high-performance-flexible-solid-state-supercapacitor-extended-nanoregime-interface-through-001952nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260000900233300001600242490000700258520096700265653001601232653003901248653003401287653002201321653001501343100002201358700002701380700002501407700001801432700002001450700002101470700002401491700002101515856012601536 2016 eng d a1433-785100aHydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs): a new class of porous crystalline proton-conducting materials0 aHydrogenbonded organic frameworks HOFs a new class of porous cry cAUG  a10667-106710 v553 a

Two porous hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) based on arene sulfonates and guanidinium ions are reported. As a result of the presence of ionic backbones appended with protonic source, the compounds exhibit ultra-high proton conduction values (sigma) 0.75x 10(-2)Scm(-1) and 1.8x10(-2)Scm(-1) under humidified conditions. Also, they have very low activation energy values and the highest proton conductivity at ambient conditions (low humidity and at moderate temperature) among porous crystalline materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). These values are not only comparable to the conventionally used proton exchange membranes, such as Nafion used in fuel cell technologies, but is also the highest value reported in organic-based porous architectures. Notably, this report inaugurates the usage of crystalline hydrogen-bonded porous organic frameworks as solid-state proton conducting materials.

10aguanidinium10ahydrogen-bonded organic frameworks10aporous crystalline frameworks10aproton conduction10asulfonates1 aKarmakar, Avishek1 aIllathvalappil, Rajith1 aAnothumakkool, Bihag1 aSen, Arunabha1 aSamanta, Partha1 aDesai, Aamod, V.1 aKurungot, Sreekumar1 aGhosh, Sujit, K. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/hydrogen-bonded-organic-frameworks-hofs-new-class-porous-crystalline-proton-conducting01785nas a2200193 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121260000800190300001200198490000600210520113400216100002301350700002601373700001801399700001701417700002401434700002101458856011201479 2017 eng d00aHigh-level supercapacitive performance of chemically reduced graphene oxide0 aHighlevel supercapacitive performance of chemically reduced grap cNOV a846-8600 v33 aReduction of graphene oxide (GO) is an important process because it holds promise for the production of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with physicochemical properties similar to those of pristine graphene. In conventional chemical reduction, strong reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride and hydrazine, cannot be recycled. Also, fast reaction kinetics bring an imbalance in the desirable properties of rGO. Here, we present one-pot chemical reduction of GO in aqueous medium by an unconventional mild reducing agent (FeCl2/HCl) where rGOis isolated as the precipitate and the reducing agent is recycled upon simple treatment of the filtrate with HCl. The fabricated all-solid-state supercapacitors of as-synthesized rGO exhibited significantly higher specific capacitance than those obtained with rGO derived from conventional reducing agents. The cycling stability of the all-solid-state supercapacitor (> 80% retention of capacitance beyond 100,000 continued cycles) and its flexibility (> 500 bending cycles) were remarkable. Use of commercially available organic electrolyte further boosted the supercapacitor performance.1 aJha, Plawan, Kumar1 aSingh, Santosh, Kumar1 aKumar, Vikash1 aRana, Shammi1 aKurungot, Sreekumar1 aBallav, Nirmalya uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/high-level-supercapacitive-performance-chemically-reduced-graphene-oxide02214nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245009500055210006900150260000800219300000800227490000600235520133700241653001001578653001101588653001201599653002001611653001201631653001101643100001601654700002401670700001701694700002401711700001801735700002101753700002501774856012501799 2019 eng d a2073-434400aHigh-performing PGM-free AEMFC cathodes from carbon-supported cobalt ferrite nanoparticles0 aHighperforming PGMfree AEMFC cathodes from carbonsupported cobal cMAR a2640 v93 a

Efficient and durable non-precious metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are highly desirable for several electrochemical devices, including anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Here, cobalt ferrite (CF) nanoparticles supported on Vulcan XC-72 carbon (CF-VC) were created through a facile, scalable solvothermal method. The nano-sized CF particles were spherical with a narrow particle size distribution. The CF-VC catalyst showed good ORR activity, possessing a half-wave potential of 0.71 V. Although the intrinsic activity of the CF-VC catalyst was not as high as some other platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalysts in the literature, where this catalyst really shined was in operating AEMFCs. When used as the cathode in a single cell 5 cm(-2) AEMFC, the CF-VC containing electrode was able to achieve a peak power density of 1350 mW cm(-2) (iR-corrected: 1660 mW cm(-2)) and a mass transport limited current density of more than 4 A cm(-2) operating on H-2/O-2. Operating on H-2/Air (CO2-free), the same cathode was able to achieve a peak power density of 670 mW cm(-2) (iR-corrected: 730 mW cm(-2)) and a mass transport limited current density of more than 2 A cm(-2). These peak power and achievable current densities are among the highest reported values in the literature to date.

10aAEMFC10acobalt10aFerrite10ahigh-performing10anon-PGM10avulcan1 aPeng, Xiong1 aKashyap, Varchaswal1 aNg, Benjamin1 aKurungot, Sreekumar1 aWang, Lianqin1 aVarcoe, John, R.1 aMustain, William, E. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/high-performing-pgm-free-aemfc-cathodes-carbon-supported-cobalt-ferrite-nanoparticles02910nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245014100055210006900196260000900265300001400274490000700288520197300295653001902268653002102287653002302308653002802331653002102359100002702380700002402407700002702431700002102458700001802479700002402497856012302521 2020 eng d a0947-653900aHierarchical nanoflower arrays of Co9S8-Ni3S2 on nickel foam: a highly efficient binder-free electrocatalyst for overall water splitting0 aHierarchical nanoflower arrays of Co9S8Ni3S2 on nickel foam a hi cJUN  a7900-79110 v263 a

Hydrogen production is vital for meeting future energy demands and managing environmental sustainability. Electrolysis of water is considered as the suitable method for H-2 generation in a carbon-free pathway. Herein, the synthesis of highly efficient Co9S8-Ni3S2 based hierarchical nanoflower arrays on nickel foam (NF) is explored through the one-pot hydrothermal method (Co9S8-Ni3S2/NF) for overall water splitting applications. The nanoflower arrays are self-supported on the NF without any binder, possessing the required porosity and structural characteristics. The obtained Co9S8-Ni3S2/NF displays high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as well as oxygen evolution reaction (OER), activities in 1 m KOH solution. The overpotentials exhibited by this system at 25 mA cm(-2) are nearly 277 and 102 mV for HER and OER, respectively, in 1 m KOH solution. Subsequently, the overall water splitting was performed in 1 m KOH solution by employing Co9S8-Ni3S2/NF as both the anode and cathode, where the system required only 1.49, 1.60, and 1.69 V to deliver the current densities of 10, 25, and 50 mA cm(-2), respectively. Comparison of the activity of Co9S8-Ni3S2/NF with the state-of-the-art Pt/C and RuO2 coated on NF displays an enhanced performance for Co9S8-Ni3S2/NF both in the half-cell as well as in the full cell, emphasizing the significance of the present work. The post analysis of the material after water electrolysis confirms that the surface Co(OH)(2) formed during the course of the reaction serves as the favorable active sites. Overall, the activity modulation achieved in the present case is attributed to the presence of the open-pore morphology of the as formed nanoflowers of Co9S8-Ni3S2 on NF and the simultaneous presence of the surface Co(OH)(2) along with the highly conducting Co9S8-Ni3S2 core, which facilitates the adsorption of the reactants and subsequently its conversion into the gaseous products during water electrolysis.

10acobalt sulfide10aelectrocatalysts10aHydrogen evolution10aoverall water splitting10aoxygen evolution1 aIllathvalappil, Rajith1 aWalko, Priyanka, S.1 aKanheerampockil, Fayis1 aBhat, Suresh, K.1 aDevi, Nandini1 aKurungot, Sreekumar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/hierarchical-nanoflower-arrays-co9s8-ni3s2-nickel-foam-highly-efficient-binder-free01912nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245012200055210006900177260000800246300001600254490000700270520120800277100003401485700001701519700002001536700002401556700001701580856012101597 2021 eng d a2040-336400aHigh-voltage non-aqueous hybrid supercapacitor based on the N2200 polymer supported over multiwalled carbon nanotubes0 aHighvoltage nonaqueous hybrid supercapacitor based on the N2200  cJUL a12314-123260 v133 aP(NDI2OD-T2), also known as Polyera ActivInk N2200, is a widely accepted non-fullerene acceptor polymer that is used prominently in the energy harvesting application due to its ease of synthesis, high electron mobility, and other desirable semiconducting properties. With its recent foray into energy storage applications, there is tremendous potential for developing composites of N2200 with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to improve its electrical properties and extend its applicability. Here we report a facile synthesis of an N2200 composite with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) following an in situ approach to include MWCNTs into the polymer matrix, improving its electrochemical performance in an organic electrolyte (1 M LiClO4/propylene carbonate). The composite material with an optimum MWCNT content exhibits prominent redox behavior delivering a specific capacity of 80 mA h g((polymer))(-1) in a standard three-electrode cell. Moreover, the N2200/MWCNT composite material showing a battery-type electrochemical signature could perform as an efficient negative electrode in a high-voltage (2.4 V) hybrid supercapacitor device comprising capacitive activated carbon as the positive electrode.1 aWavhal, Bhaiyyasaheb, Anurath1 aGhosh, Meena1 aSharma, Sandeep1 aKurungot, Sreekumar1 aAsha, S., K. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/high-voltage-non-aqueous-hybrid-supercapacitor-based-n2200-polymer-supported-over02546nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245018000055210006900235260000800304300001600312490000800328520169900336100002702035700001902062700004002081700002302121700001902144700002402163700001702187856012402204 2024 eng d a1932-744700aHigh-voltage symmetric supercapacitor electrodes via in situ synthesized multiwalled carbon nanotube-doped perylenebisimide-based donor-acceptor conjugate polymer P(PDI2OD-T2)0 aHighvoltage symmetric supercapacitor electrodes via in situ synt cJUL a12808-128210 v1283 a

This study presents the design and synthesis of a donor-acceptor pi-conjugated polymer composite P(PDI2OD-T2)/MWCNT tailored for high-voltage symmetric supercapacitor applications. The synthesis of P(PDI2OD-T2)/MWCNT was expedited by adopting a novel in situ polymerization technique that modifies the traditional Stille polymerization process. Incorporating approximately 33% by weight of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) into the polymer matrix, referred to as P-2, significantly enhances its conductivity, surface area, and porosity. These improvements in the material properties contribute to the superior electrochemical performance of the composites by promoting efficient electrolyte ion transport across the electrode-electrolyte interfaces. The symmetric supercapacitor devices fabricated with P-2 electrodes employing both liquid organic (LE-P-2||P-2) and quasi-solid-state gel (QSS- P-2||P-2) electrolytes demonstrate capacitance values of 85.4 and 84.2 F g(-1), respectively, at a current density of 0.25 A g(-1), while operating at a high-voltage window of 3.1 V. Moreover, these devices exhibit robust cycling stability, maintaining approximately 70% of their initial capacitance over 45,000 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 96%. The successful demonstration of a quasi-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor underscores the potential of flexible energy storage solutions, as evidenced by a PMMA LiClO4 gel electrolyte prototype. This flexible device not only maintains structural integrity but also achieves an impressive power density of 18,600 W kg(-1) and an energy density of 112.4 Wh kg(-1), indicating its practical viability for real-world applications.

1 aWavhal, Aryan, Anurath1 aDilwale, Swati1 aPuthiyaveetil, Priyanka, Pandinhare1 aKakde, Navnath, R.1 aPrakash, Medha1 aKurungot, Sreekumar1 aAsha, S., K. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/high-voltage-symmetric-supercapacitor-electrodes-situ-synthesized-multiwalled-carbon02589nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001400041245014000055210006900195260000800264490000700272520142200279653002001701653001901721653002801740653002801768653003001796653003901826653001601865653001801881653005001899100002201949700002401971700002701995700002402022700001802046700002602064700001802090700002402108856013102132 2025 eng d a1613-681000aHot injection assisted electronically modulated twin and grain boundary rich sub-2 nm pt3co alloy resistant to phosphate ion for PEMFCs0 aHot injection assisted electronically modulated twin and grain b cMAY0 v213 a

Modulation of the electronic d-band center, structural defects (line defects), and particle size of Pt3Co alloy electrocatalyst have huge significance in elevating its electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction activity. Deviating from traditional high-temperature strategies, the current work focuses on ripening these benefits by implying a simple economically viable hot-injection-assisted modified polyol process. A conclusive control over decrementing particle size starting from 2.7 to 1.3 nm, an increasing degree of strain (twin boundary), and shifting of the d-band center away from the Fermi level are obtained via varying the temperature to which the solution is injected. The catalyst prepared via the injection at 200 degrees C (Pt3Co(1.3 t,g-b)/fVC-200) has delivered an electrochemical surface area of 84 m(2) g(Pt)(-1) with the onset and half-wave potentials of 0.980 and 0.858 V, respectively, versus RHE and a limiting current of -6.0 mA cm(-2) with stability till 20k cycles. In the high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell Pt3Co(1.3 t,g-b)/fVC-200-based cell has outperformed Pt/C rendering 600 mWcm(-2) under H-2-Air compared to 529 mWcm(-2) of Pt/C with 20% lower Pt loading and double the stability due to enhanced resistance toward phosphoric acid for accelerated voltage cycling. A similar enhancement is seen while employing the catalyst for low-temperature fuel cells.

10aelectrocatalyst10agrain boundary10ahot injection synthesis10amodified polyol process10aoxygen reduction reaction10aproton exchange membrane fuel cell10aPt3Co alloy10atwin boundary10avalance band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy1 aSingh, Mayank, U.1 aJadhav, Swapnil, D.1 aShivankar, Bhavana, R.1 aPandikassala, Ajmal1 aKumar, Yogesh1 aKrishnamurty, Sailaja1 aVinod, C., P.1 aKurungot, Sreekumar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/hot-injection-assisted-electronically-modulated-twin-and-grain-boundary-rich-sub-2-nm-pt3co02891nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245016200055210006900217260000800286300001400294490000700308520176200315653003302077653002402110653001402134653002502148653001302173653004502186653003402231100003002265700001802295700002002313700002502333700002002358700001802378700002602396700002402422856013102446 2025 eng d a1944-824400aHydrogel electrolyte-mediated in situ Zn-anode modification and the Ru-RuO2/NGr-coated cathode for high-performance solid-state rechargeable Zn-air batteries0 aHydrogel electrolytemediated in situ Znanode modification and th cJAN a3188-32040 v173 a

This work aims to deal with the challenges associated with designing complementary bifunctional electrocatalysts and a separator/membrane that enables rechargeable zinc-air batteries (RZABs) with nearly solid-state operability. This solid-state RZAB was accomplished by integrating a bifunctional electrocatalyst based on Ru-RuO2 interface nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped (N-doped) graphene (Ru-RuO2/NGr) and a dual-doped poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel (d-PAA) electrolyte soaked in KOH with sodium stannate additive. The catalyst shows enhanced activity and stability toward the two oxygen reactions, i.e., oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER), with a very low potential difference (Delta E) of 0.64 V. The computational insights bring out the electronic factors contributing to the enhanced catalytic activity of Ru-RuO2/NGr based on the charge density difference (CDD) between the interfaces. The disadvantages of the existing solid-state RZABs, such as their limited lifespan brought on by passivation, dendritic growth, corrosion, and shape change, have also been taken into account. The introduction of the stannate additive to the electrolyte induced an in situ Zn-anode modification, which subsequently improved the interfacial stability of the ZABs and, hence, the battery life cycles. The experimental observations reveal that, during the charging process, the Sn nanoparticles enable the homogeneous Zn deposition on the surface of the anode. Thus, the in situ Zn-anode surface modification assisted in achieving a high-rate cycle capability, viz., the homemade catalyst-based system exhibited continuous charge-discharge cycles for 20 h at a current density of 2.0 mA cm-2, with each cycle lasting for 5 min.

10aBifunctional Electrocatalyst10aCore-ShellStructure10aDFT study10aelectrolyte additive10aHydrogel10asolid-state rechargeable zinc-airbattery10aX-ray absorption spectroscopy1 aKharabe, Geeta, Pandurang1 aVerma, Tushar1 aBarik, Sidharth1 aUrkude, Rajashri, R.1 aAyasha, Nadeema1 aGhosh, Biplab1 aKrishnamurty, Sailaja1 aKurungot, Sreekumar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/hydrogel-electrolyte-mediated-situ-zn-anode-modification-and-ru-ruo2ngr-coated-cathode-high02205nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260000800221490000800229520133700237653002901574653003401603653000901637653001401646653002101660100002801681700002701709700001701736700002201753700002401775700002501799856012701824 2026 eng d a0021-899500aHigh-performance sultone-modified PVA/PAMPS semi-IPN hydrogels for proton exchange membranes0 aHighperformance sultonemodified PVAPAMPS semiIPN hydrogels for p cAPR0 v1433 a

Hydrogel membranes composed of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and sultone-modified poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were successfully synthesized and evaluated as promising proton-conducting materials. A key advantage involves the premodification of PVA with 1,3-propane sultone to introduce sulfonic acid groups, thereby imparting proton conductivity to the PVA backbone. This sultone-modified PVA was then physically entangled within a PAMPS cross-linked network to form novel semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) hydrogels. This synergistic design leverages the excellent film-forming and mechanical properties of PVA with the high proton conductivity inherent to PAMPS. The synthesized membranes exhibited robust mechanical properties, with tensile strengths ranging from 5 to 30 MPa and percentage elongations between 200% and 400%, depending on their humidity content. These hydrogel membranes demonstrated proton conductivities ranging from 0.6 to 4.3 x 10-2 S cm-1. The activation energy for proton conduction was found to be as low as 3.5 kJ mol-1, significantly lower than that of the commercial benchmark membrane, Nafion 117 (12 kJ mol-1). These findings underscore the potential of these novel PAMPS/sultone-modified PVA semi-IPN hydrogel membranes for advanced fuel cell applications.

10abatteries and fuel cells10afunctionalization of polymers10aGels10amembranes10apolyelectrolytes1 aPatwadkar, Manjusha, V.1 aIllathvalappil, Rajith1 aTorris, Arun1 aFrancis, Sifa, C.1 aKurungot, Sreekumar1 aBadiger, Manohar, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/high-performance-sultone-modified-pvapamps-semi-ipn-hydrogels-proton-exchange-membranes