01702nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245015800055210006900213260007700282300001200359490000700371520072600378653001501104653002101119653001501140653003001155653003001185100002101215700002401236700002401260700002401284700002001308856012001328 2013 eng d a0947-653900aPorous-organic-framework-templated nitrogen-rich porous carbon as a more proficient electrocatalyst than Pt/C for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen0 aPorousorganicframeworktemplated nitrogenrich porous carbon as a  aBOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcJAN a974-9800 v193 a

Porous nitrogen-rich carbon (POF-C-1000) that was synthesized by using a porous organic framework (POF) as a self-sacrificing host template in a nanocasting process possessed a high degree of graphitization in an ordered structural arrangement with large domains and well-ordered arrays of carbon sheets. POF-C-1000 exhibits favorable electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) with a clear positive shift of about 40 mV in the onset potential compared to that of a traditional, commercially available Pt/C catalyst. In addition, irrespective of its moderate surface area (785 m2?g-1), POF-C-1000 showed a reasonable H2 adsorption of 1.6 wt?% (77 K) and a CO2 uptake of 3.5 mmol?g-1 (273 K).

10aAdsorption10aElectrochemistry10afuel cells10aoxygen-reduction reaction10aporous organic frameworks1 aPachfule, Pradip1 aDhavale, Vishal, M.1 aKandambeth, Sharath1 aKurungot, Sreekumar1 aBanerjee, Rahul uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/porous-organic-framework-templated-nitrogen-rich-porous-carbon-more-proficient-002168nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245014700055210006900202260007700271300001400348490000700362520124400369653002101613653001501634653001301649653002001662653001601682100002501698700002801723700002501751700002401776856012601800 2013 eng d a2192-650600aRedox-mediated synthesis of functionalised graphene: a strategy towards 2D multifunctional electrocatalysts for energy conversion applications0 aRedoxmediated synthesis of functionalised graphene a strategy to aBOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcOCT a1296-13030 v783 a

A simple, one-step synthetic route for developing a two-dimensional multifunctional electrocatalyst is reported, by the functionalisation of graphene using oxidised ethylenedioxythiophene (O-EDOT). The mutually assisted redox reaction between graphene oxide (GO) and EDOT facilitates the reduction of GO to graphene with a concomitant deposition of O-EDOT on the surface of the graphene. The oxidised surface of GO catalyses the reaction without using an added reducing agent, so a controlled and uniform deposition of O-EDOT is ensured on the surface of graphene, which essentially prevents the restacking of the layers. UV/Visible, IR, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy give valid evidence for the reduction and functionalisation of graphene sheets. The functional groups present on the surface of graphene are found to tune the physical and chemical properties of graphene. Consequently, the functionalised material displays enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of oxygen to water and I3- to I- relative to pristine graphene. These distinct property characteristics make the material a versatile cathode electrocatalyst for both alkaline anion-exchange membrane fuel cells and dye-sensitised solar cells.

10aelectrocatalysts10afuel cells10agraphene10aredox chemistry10asolar cells1 aUnni, SreeKuttan, M.1 aBhange, Siddheshwar, N.1 aAnothumakkool, Bihag1 aKurungot, Sreekumar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/redox-mediated-synthesis-functionalised-graphene-strategy-towards-2d-multifunctional-001863nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260007700233300001400310490000700324520092400331653002501255653001501280653002901295653002101324653002201345100002501367700002501392700002001417700002401437700002101461856012701482 2014 eng d a1433-785100aTwo-in-one: inherent anhydrous and water-assisted high proton conduction in a 3D metal-organic framework0 aTwoinone inherent anhydrous and waterassisted high proton conduc aBOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcMAR a2638-26420 v533 a

The development of solid-state proton-conducting materials with high conductivity that operate under both anhydrous and humidified conditions is currently of great interest in fuel-cell technology. A 3Dmetal-organic framework (MOF) with acid-base pairs in its coordination space that efficiently conducts protons under both anhydrous and humid conditions has now been developed. The anhydrous proton conductivity for this MOF is among the highest values that have been reported for MOF materials, whereas its water-assisted proton conductivity is comparable to that of the organic polymer Nafion, which is currently used for practical applications. Unlike other MOFs, which conduct protons either under anhydrous or humid conditions, this compound should represent a considerable advance in the development of efficient solid-state proton-conducting materials that work under both anhydrous and humid conditions.

10aconducting materials10afuel cells10ametal-organic frameworks10aporous materials10aproton conduction1 aNagarkar, Sanjog, S.1 aUnni, SreeKuttan, M.1 aSharma, Amitosh1 aKurungot, Sreekumar1 aGhosh, Sujit, K. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/two-one-inherent-anhydrous-and-water-assisted-high-proton-conduction-3d-metal-organic-001962nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245013300055210006900188260007500257300001400332490000600346520103800352653002101390653001801411653001501429653003001444653001301474100002501487700002901512700002401541700002601565856012901591 2015 eng d a2196-021600aCoSe2 supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanohorns as a methanol-tolerant cathode for air-breathing microlaminar flow fuel cells0 aCoSe2 supported on nitrogendoped carbon nanohorns as a methanolt aPOSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcSEP a1339-13450 v23 a

The synthesis of CoSe2 nanoparticles supported on nitrogendoped carbon nanohorns (CoSe2/NCNH) and the influence of the interaction of the metal centre with the NCNH on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are reported. CoSe2/NCNH shows a 50 mV lower onset overpotential and a 150 mV positive shift in the half-wave potential compared to CoSe2 supported on carbon and carbon nanohorns. This suggests that the intrinsic activity and the density of active reaction centres of CoSe2 are modified by NCNHs. An air-breathing direct meth-anol microlaminar flow fuel cell (mLFFC) is constructed using CoSe2/NCNH as a methanol-tolerant cathode catalyst. A maximum power density of 10.05 mWcm(-2) and a maximum current density of 124.20 mAcm(-2) are achieved with CoSe2/NCNH compared to the non-doped catalyst, CoSe2/C and Pt/C with 5m methanol as the fuel. The improved activity of CoSe2/ NCNH is attributed to the peculiar morphology and the nitrogen doping of the carbon nanohorns. This catalyst could be a suitable alternative to Pt.

10acarbon nanohorns10achalcogenides10afuel cells10aoxygen reduction reaction10aplatinum1 aUnni, SreeKuttan, M.1 aMora-Hernandez, Juan, M.1 aKurungot, Sreekumar1 aAlonso-Vante, Nicolas uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/cose2-supported-nitrogen-doped-carbon-nanohorns-methanol-tolerant-cathode-air-breathing-002323nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245014400055210006900199260010200268300001200370490000700382520137800389653001501767653001101782653001101793653003001804653001401834100002401848700002401872700002401896700003001920856013101950 2015 eng d a0250-470700aElectrochemical preparation of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and their size-dependent electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction0 aElectrochemical preparation of nitrogendoped graphene quantum do aC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbINDIAN ACAD SCIENCEScAPR a435-4420 v383 a

Here we report a remarkable transformation of nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to size selective nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) by a two-step electrochemical method. The sizes of the N-GQDs strongly depend on the applied anodic potential, moreover increasing potential resulted in a smaller size of N-GQDs. These N-GQDs display many unusual size-dependant optoelectronic (blue emission) and electrocatalytic (oxygen reduction) properties. The presence of N dopants in the carbon framework not only causes faster unzipping of MWCNTs but also provides more low activation energy site for enhancing the electrocatalytic activity for technologically daunting reactions like oxygen reduction. The smaller size of N-GQDs has shown better performance as compared to the large N-GQDs. Interestingly, N-GQDs-3 (size = 2.5 +/- 0.3 nm, onset potential = 0.75 V) show a 30-mV higher positive onset potential shift compared to that of N-GQDs-2 (size = 4.7 +/- 0.3 nm, onset potential = 0.72 V) and 70 mV than that of N-GQDs-1 (size = 7.2 +/- 0.3, onset potential = 0.68 V) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a liquid phase. These result in the size-dependent electrocatalytic activity of N-GQDs for ORR as illustrated by the smaller sized N-GQDs (2.5 +/- 0.3 nm) undoubtedly promising metal-free electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications.

10afuel cells10aMWCNTs10aN-GQDs10aoxygen reduction reaction10aunzipping1 aShinde, Dhanraj, B.1 aDhavale, Vishal, M.1 aKurungot, Sreekumar1 aPillai, Vijayamohanan, K. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/electrochemical-preparation-nitrogen-doped-graphene-quantum-dots-and-their-size-dependent-002103nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245017400055210006900229260000800298300001400306490000600320520118800326653001401514653002101528653002401549653001501573653002901588100003101617700002801648700003001676700002401706856013101730 2017 eng d a2196-021600aSingle cell fabrication towards the realistic evaluation of a CNT-strung ZIF-derived electrocatalyst as a cathode material in alkaline fuel cells and metal-air batteries0 aSingle cell fabrication towards the realistic evaluation of a CN cNOV a2928-29330 v43 a

The development of an electrocatalyst possessing all the vital requisites of an ideal electrode material, such as high porosity, high conductivity, and high intrinsic electrochemical activity, holds a decisive key in determining the activity of the triplephase boundary in many energy devices like fuel cells and metal-air battery systems. In the present work, highly porous cobalt-based ZIFs are strung along the highly conducive CNT backbone by using a simple one-pot technique at room temperature, which is then utilized to derive a porous, corrosion-resistant, Co nanoparticle-embedded electrocatalyst. Herein, for the first time, the single cell performance of the Co-ZIF-67-derived electrocatalyst has been evaluated by fabricating membrane electrode assemblies of alkaline exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) and zinc-air battery (ZAB) systems. A maximum power density of 296 mW/cm(2) (vs. 317 mW/cm(2) for 40 wt.% Pt/C) and 60 mW/cm(2) (vs. 64 mW/cm(2) for 40 wt.% Pt/C) in the single cells of ZAB and AEMFC systems, respectively, establishes the practical proficiency of the homemade electrocatalyst for cathode applications during realistic system-level validations.

10aBatteries10aCarbon nanotubes10aComposite materials10afuel cells10ametal-organic frameworks1 aAiyappa, Harshitha, Barike1 aBhange, Siddheshwar, N.1 aSivasankaran, Vijitha, P.1 aKurungot, Sreekumar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/single-cell-fabrication-towards-realistic-evaluation-cnt-strung-zif-derived-electrocatalyst02390nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245015200055210006900207260000800276300001400284490000600298520158300304653001901887653001501906653001801921653002601939653003001965100002701995700002402022856012602046 2020 eng d a2196-021600aCo (9) S (8) nanoparticle-supported nitrogen-doped carbon as a robust catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in both acidic and alkaline conditions0 aCo 9 S 8 nanoparticlesupported nitrogendoped carbon as a robust  cJUL a3123-31340 v73 a

The present work illustrates the synthesis of an efficient and durable catalyst for electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) which is active both in the alkaline and acidic conditions by dispersing few-layer graphitic carbon coated Co(9)S(8)nanoparticles on the nitrogen-doped carbon (NVC-G) support (Co9S8/NVC-G). The size of the Co(9)S(8)nanoparticles is nearly 7-8 nm and the particles are found to be dispersed homogeneously on the NVC-G support. The few-layer graphitic carbon formed on the surface of Co(9)S(8)nanoparticles is assisting to accomplish their small size and it also prevents agglomeration of the nanoparticles. The ORR activity of the obtained material was analyzed in both 0.1 M KOH and 0.5 M H(2)SO(4)solutions. Co9S8/NVC-G displays nearly 70 mV overpotential compared to thestate-of-the-artPt/C in 0.1 M KOH solution. The half-wave potential (E-1/2) difference of the present system is nearly 75 mV with the commercial Pt/C. Co9S8/NVC-G displays promising ORR activity in the acidic conditions as well with nearly 140 mV overpotential compared to its Pt/C counterpart. The system shows about 170 mV lowerE(1/2)value with Pt/C. The system shows good stability both in acidic and basic conditions compared to the Pt/C system. Finally, testing of a single cell of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was performed by employing Co9S8/NVC-G as the cathode catalyst and Nafion-212 as the proton exchange membrane. The system displays a maximum power density of 245 mW cm(-2)in H-2-O(2)and 115 mW cm(-2)in H-2-air feeding conditions.

10acobalt sulfide10afuel cells10aNanoparticles10anitrogen-doped carbon10aoxygen reduction reaction1 aIllathvalappil, Rajith1 aKurungot, Sreekumar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/co-9-s-8-nanoparticle-supported-nitrogen-doped-carbon-robust-catalyst-oxygen-reduction02183nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260000800244300001200252490000600264520129000270653002101560653001501581653001301596653003001609100002801639700002701667700002901694700002901723700002501752700002401777856012801801 2021 eng d a2366-748600aIn situ preparation of ionomer as a tool for triple-phase boundary enhancement in 3D graphene supported Pt catalyst0 aIn situ preparation of ionomer as a tool for triplephase boundar cJAN a20001250 v53 a

For improving the performance of platinum electrocatalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), it is important to enhance the Pt utilization level in the catalyst systems. A high performing electrocatalyst (Pt/3DNG) is developed for PEMFC applications by using nitrogen-doped 3D graphene (3DNG) as the support material and an in situ grafted active ``triple-phase boundary'' to more precisely control the formation of the proton conducting ionomer interface at the active sites. Considering the 3D morphology of the system, during the electrode fabrication for realistic single-cell evaluation, the concept of in situ generation of the proton conducting-ionomer based ``active triple-phase boundary'' is introduced, which could potentially replace the conventional method of using Nafion ionomer for the electrode preparation. The monomers owing to their small-size can access the pores and inner regions of the 3DNG support, which on UV-curing, undergo polymerization and transform into an ionomer with an extended interfacial network into the nanoregimes of 3DNG. Single cell evaluation of the membrane electrode assembly in a high-temperature PEMFC by using phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole membrane demonstrates the utility of the present strategy.

10aelectrocatalysts10afuel cells10agraphene10aoxygen reduction reaction1 aGangadharan, Pranav, K.1 aVijayakumar, Vidyanand1 aNediyirakkal, Shijil, A.1 aFernandez, Roshni, Tresa1 aSiddharthan, Adhrika1 aKurungot, Sreekumar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/situ-preparation-ionomer-tool-triple-phase-boundary-enhancement-3d-graphene-supported-pt02156nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245014800055210006900203260000800272490000600280520131300286653003301599653001501632653003001647653002401677100001801701700002001719700002401739700001501763700002401778856012401802 2023 eng d a2366-748600aPt-anchored-zirconium phosphate nanoplates as high-durable carbon-free oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalyst for PEM fuel cell applications0 aPtanchoredzirconium phosphate nanoplates as highdurable carbonfr cFEB0 v73 a

Commercially available platinum-supported carbon (Pt/C) catalysts are the most widely used oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, inadequate active triple-phase boundary formation and carbon oxidation in Pt/C during PEMFC operation shorten its lifetime and efficiency. In this direction, a new class of carbon-free electrocatalysts for ORR is prepared by dispersing Pt nanoparticles on ZrP (Zirconium phosphates) nanoplates. In one case (ZrP@Pt), the Pt nanoparticles are found to be closely distributed and completely covering the ZrP nanoplates, whereas in the second case (Pt/ZrP), the Pt nanoparticles selectively restrict dispersion along the edges of the support. ZrP as the support displays an intrinsic proton conductivity of approximate to 0.5 x 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 70 degrees C, with an activation energy (E-a) of 0.19 eV. Pt/ZrP shows better durability after 3000 start-stop cycles. The mass activity of Pt/ZrP is increased by 4.6 times compared to Pt/C, which exhibits a loss in mass activity by 1.37 times. The single-cell level validation of ZrP@Pt, Pt/ZrP, and Pt/C as the electrocatalysts in PEMFC at an operating potential of 0.60 V shows the achievable current densities of 0.600, 0.890, and 0.890 A cm(-2).

10acarbon-free electrocatalysts10afuel cells10aoxygen reduction reaction10azirconium phosphate1 aKumar, Sachin1 aYoyakki, Athira1 aPandikassala, Ajmal1 aSoni, Roby1 aKurungot, Sreekumar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/pt-anchored-zirconium-phosphate-nanoplates-high-durable-carbon-free-oxygen-reduction