02058nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260010600244300001200350490000700362520113700369653001301506653004101519653002801560653003201588100001901620700002001639700002401659700002101683856012401704       2005                        eng d  a0022-191000aCharacterization of two midgut proteinases of helicoverpa armigera and their interaction with proteinase inhibitors0 aCharacterization of two midgut proteinases of helicoverpa armige  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcMAY  a513-5220 v513 a<p>Two serine proteinases from the midgut of Helicoverpa armigera have been partially purified and characterized. One proteinase, HGP-1, was capable of hydrolyzing a synthetic substrate of elastase and was inhibited by elastatinal. The second proteinase, HGP-2, was inhibited by a trypsin inhibitor. Molecular weights of HGP-1 and HGP-2 were approximately 26.0 and 29.0 kDa, respectively. Both the proteinases exhibited alkaline pH optima in the range of 10-11. Furthermore, interaction of HGP-1 and HGP-2 with proteinase inhibitors (PIs) from host and non-host plants was studied. HGP-1 was not only insensitive to a PI from chickpea (host) but was also able to degrade it. The same PI from chickpea was able to inhibit over 50% activity of HGP-2. On the contrary, PIs from potato (non-host) showed strong inhibition of both, HGP-1 and HGP-2 and also demonstrated protection of chickpea seed proteins from digestion by both the HGPs. These results could provide important clues in designing strategies for sustainable use of plant PIs in developing insect-tolerant transgenic plants. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aelastase10aHelicoverpa armigera gut proteinases10ainsect-resistant plants10aplant proteinase inhibitors1 aTelang, M., A.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aSainani, Mohini, N.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/characterization-two-midgut-proteinases-helicoverpa-armigera-and-their-interaction-002159nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245006700055210006700122260010600189300001200295490000700307520131200314653001501626653002001641653002501661653002601686653001101712100002801723700002001751700002401771700002101795856010101816       2005                        eng d  a0965-174800aGene expression patterns of helicoverpa armigera gut proteases0 aGene expression patterns of helicoverpa armigera gut proteases  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcAPR  a355-3670 v353 a<p>Relative quantification of reported gut proteinase cDNAs from Helicoverpa armigera larvae fed on various host plants (cotton, chickpea, pigeonpea, tomato and okra), non-host plant Pis (winged bean, bitter gourd, ground nut, and capsicum) and during larval development has been carried out using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Five trypsin-like and three chymotrypsin-like proteinases were categorized as insensitive or sensitive to most of the proteinase inhibitors (Pis) and insensitive/sensitive to specific Pis based on their expression analysis. These results were supported by amino acid sequence analysis, where diverged amino acids were observed in the regions, which are reported to be involved in typical trypsin trypsin inhibitor interactions and critical for proteinase inhibitor resistance. Among exopeptidases (five aminopeptidase and three carboxypeptidase), HaAmi4 and HaAmi5 of aminopeptidase and HaCar1 of carboxypeptidase exhibited considerable differential expression. Elastase and cathepsin B-like proteinases were expressed at negligible levels. The proteases identified in the study would be ideal candidates for further interactions studies with protease inhibitors to understand the structural reasons of protease inhibitor insensitivity (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aexpression10agut proteinases10aHelicoverpa armigera10aProteinase inhibitors10aRT-PCR1 aChougule, Nanasaheb, P.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aSainani, Mohini, N.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/gene-expression-patterns-helicoverpa-armigera-gut-proteases-002364nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245022000055210006900275260010600344300001400450490000700464520128900471653002301760653002501783653002801808653002301836653001801859653002601877100001801903700002001921700002401941700002101965856012401986       2005                        eng d  a0031-942200aHigher accumulation of proteinase inhibitors in flowers than leaves and fruits as a possible basis for differential feeding preference of Helicoverpa armigera on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, Cv. Dhanashree)0 aHigher accumulation of proteinase inhibitors in flowers than lea  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcNOV  a2659-26670 v663 a<p>Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill; cultivar- Dhanashree) proteinase inhibitors (Pis) were tested for their trypsin inhibitory (TT) and Helicoverpa armigera gut proteinases inhibitory (HGPI) activity in different organs of the tomato plants. Analysis of TI and HGPI distribution in various parts of the plant showed that flowers accumulated about 300 and 1000 times higher levels of TI while 700 and 400 times higher levels of HGPI as compared to those in leaves and fruits, respectively. Field observation that H. armigera larvae infest leaves and fruits but not the flowers could be at least partially attributed to the protective role-played by the higher levels of Pis in the flower tissue. Tomato Pis inhibited about 50-80% HGP activity of H. armigera larvae feeding on various host plants including tomato, of larvae exposed to non-host plant Pis and of various larval instars. Tomato Pis were found to be highly stable to insect proteinases wherein incubation of inhibitor with HGP even for 3 h at optimum conditions did not affect inhibitory activity. Bioassay using H. armigera larvae fed on artificial diet containing tomato PIs revealed adverse effect on larval growth, pupae development, adult formation and fecundity. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aaccumulation of PI10aHelicoverpa armigera10aLycopersicon esculentum10aMidgut proteinases10aPlant defense10aProteinase inhibitors1 aDamle, M., S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aSainani, Mohini, N.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/higher-accumulation-proteinase-inhibitors-flowers-leaves-and-fruits-possible-basis-002418nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245011200055210006900167260007300236300001200309490000900321520145600330653001901786653001901805653002501824653002201849653002501871100002001896700002801916700002001944700001801964700002401982700002102006856012502027       2005                        eng d  a0304-416500aIn vivo and in vitro effect of capsicum annum proteinase inhibitors on helicoverpa armigera gut proteinases0 aIn vivo and in vitro effect of capsicum annum proteinase inhibit  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAR  a156-1670 v17223 a<p>Two proteinase inhibitors (PIs), CapA1 and CapA2, were purified from Capsicum annum Linn. Var. Phule Jyoti leaves and assessed for their in vitro and in vivo activity against Helicoverpa armigera gut proteinases (HGPs). Both the inhibitors exhibited molecular weights of about 12 kDa with inhibitory activity against bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin indicating presence of probable two-inhibitor repeats of PIN II family. CapA1 and CapA2 inhibited 60-80% HGP (azocaseinolytic) activity of fourth instar larvae feeding on various host plants while 45-65% inhibition of HGP activity of various instars (II to VI) larvae reared on artificial diet. The partial purification of HGP isoforms, their characterization with synthetic inhibitors and inhibition by C. annum PIs revealed that most of the trypsin-like activity (68-91%) of HGPs was sensitive to C. annum PIs while 39-85% chymotrypsin-like activity of HGPs was insensitive to these inhibitors. The feeding of C. annum leaf extracts and two purified PIs in various doses to H. armigera larvae for two successive generations through artificial diet demonstrated their potential in inhibiting larval growth and development, delay in pupation period and dramatic reduction in fecundity and fertility. This is the first report-demonstrating efficacy of C. annum PIs against insect gut proteinases as well as larval growth and development of H. armigera. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCapsicum annum10agut proteinase10aHelicoverpa armigera10ainsect resistance10aProteinase inhibitor1 aTamhane, V., A.1 aChougule, Nanasaheb, P.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aDixit, A., R.1 aSainani, Mohini, N.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/vivo-and-vitro-effect-capsicum-annum-proteinase-inhibitors-helicoverpa-armigera-gut-002786nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245014000055210006900195260007400264300001200338490000700350520181600357653001302173653002002186653001502206653002502221653001102246653002502257100001902282700002002301700002502321700002202346700002102368856013102389       2005                        eng d  a0167-441200aKunitz trypsin inhibitor from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) that exerts anti-metabolic effect on podborer (Helicoverpa armigera) larvae0 aKunitz trypsin inhibitor from chickpea Cicer arietinum L that ex  aVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDSbSPRINGERcFEB  a359-3740 v573 a<p>Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds contain Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitors, which are ineffective against the digestive proteinases of larvae of the insect pest Helicoverpa armigera. We have identified and purified a low expressing proteinase inhibitor (PI), distinct from the Bowman-Birk Inhibitors and active against H. armigera gut proteinases (HGP), from chickpea seeds. N-terminal sequencing of this HGP inhibitor revealed a sequence similar to reported pea (Pisum sativum) and chickpea alpha-L-fucosidases and also homologous to legume Kunitz inhibitors. The identity was confirmed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization - time of flight analysis of tryptic peptides and isolation of DNA sequence coding for the mature protein. Available sequence data showed that this protein forms a distinct phylogenetic cluster with Kunitz inhibitors from Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, P. sativum and Canavalia lineata. The isolated coding sequence was cloned into a yeast expression vector and produced as a recombinant protein in Pichia pastoris. alpha-L-fucosidase activity was not detectable in purified or recombinant protein, by solution assays. The recombinant protein did not inhibit chymotrypsin or subtilisin activity but did exhibit stoichiometric inhibition of trypsin, comparable to soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. The recombinant protein exhibited higher inhibition of total HGP activity as compared to soybean kunitz inhibitor, even though it preferentially inhibited HGP-trypsins. H. armigera larvae fed on inhibitor-incorporated artificial diet showed significant reduction in average larval weight after 18 days of feeding demonstrating potent antimetabolic activity. The over-expression of this gene in chickpea could act as an endogenous source of resistance to H. armigera.</p>10aChickpea10aCicer arietinum10afucosidase10aHelicoverpa armigera10aKunitz10aProteinase inhibitor1 aSrinivasan, A.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aHarsulkar, Abhay, M.1 aGatehouse, J., A.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/kunitz-trypsin-inhibitor-chickpea-cicer-arietinum-l-exerts-anti-metabolic-effect-podborer-002480nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245015100055210006900206260010600275300001400381490000700395520148200402653002001884653002501904653002001929653001501949653002501964100001901989700002802008700002002036700002202056700002102078856012702099       2005                        eng d  a0022-191000aPodborer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubn.) does not show specific adaptations in gut proteinases to dietary Cicer arietinum Kunitz proteinase inhibitor0 aPodborer Helicoverpa armigera Hubn does not show specific adapta  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcNOV  a1268-12760 v513 a<p>We investigated the response of Helicoverpa armigera larvae towards ingestion of Cicer arietinum Kunitz proteinase inhibitor (CaKPI), which caused antagonistic effects on developing H. armigera larvae. CaKPI-degrading proteinases were not detectable in either control or sensitized larvae. There were negligible increases in total proteinase activity, as well as in trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like activities of H. armigera gut proteinases (HGPs). Decrease in sensitivity of HGPs to inhibition by CaKPI was not observed when the inhibitor was fed Suggesting that the insect had not shown a specific adaptive response to dietary CaKPI. Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (Q RT-PCR) analysis showed a general up-regulation of proteases in larvae that ingested CaKPI and a specific regulation of individual transcripts was not observed. CaKPI had maximum inhibitory activity against HGP derived from fourth instar larvae. CaKPI was equally potent in inhibition of HGPs derived from larvae fed on different host plants, as well as various proteinase inhibitors (Pis) to which larval adaptation was previously reported. The lack of larval response to CaKPI was attributable to the atypical active site sequence and inhibitory activity of CaKPI and/or to the pre-adaptation of H. armigera larvae due to the constant exposure to basal levels of CaKPI in chickpea seeds or a chickpea seed-based diet. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aCicer arietinum10aHelicoverpa armigera10ainsect response10aproteinase10aProteinase inhibitor1 aSrinivasan, A.1 aChougule, Nanasaheb, P.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aGatehouse, J., A.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/podborer-helicoverpa-armigera-hubn-does-not-show-specific-adaptations-gut-proteinases-002480nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245015400055210006900209260008900278300001200367490000700379520142000386653001401806653001301820653002001833653003501853653002301888653001801911100002501929700002501954700002001979700002401999700002802023700002102051856013002072       2006                        eng d  a0885-576500aDifferentially expressed gene transcripts in roots of resistant and susceptible chickpea plant (Cicer arietinum L.) upon Fusarium oxysporum infection0 aDifferentially expressed gene transcripts in roots of resistant   a24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLANDbACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcAPR  a176-1880 v683 a<p>Differentially expressed genes in chickpea, (Cicer arietinum L.) during root infection by Fusarium oxysportan f sp. ciceri Racel, were identified using cDNA-RAPD and cDNA-AFLP approaches. The former employed decamer primers on cDNA template and revealed nine differentially expressed transcripts in the resistant-infected chickpea variety. Among the 2000 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) screened by cDNA-AFLP, 273 were differentially expressed in chickpea roots during Fusaritan infection. Only 13.65% of the TDFs were differentially regulated during pathogen challenge, while the other 86% were expressed non-differentially during the process of pathogen infection in chickpea roots. Nineteen TDFs, which expressed differentially in the resistant-infected chickpea variety were cloned and sequenced. Two of these TDFs were similar to transcription factors like WRKY proteins and 14-3-3 proteins, while three TDFs represented the NBS-LRR-type gene sequences. Two TDFs had sequence identity to genes known to have function in defense. The RAPID TDF CaFRi60 showed sequence identity to gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase. Among the TDFs examined by cDNA-AFLP, 19 were confirmed by Reverse Northern blot to be differentially expressed. The data confirms the effectiveness of the cDNA-AFLP technique in detecting differentially expressed genes during pathogenesis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10acDNA-AFLP10aChickpea10aCicer arietinum10adifferentially expressed genes10afusarium oxysporum10aTranscriptome1 aNimbalkar, Suhas, B.1 aHarsulkar, Abhay, M.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aSainani, Mohini, N.1 aFranceschi, Vincent, R.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/differentially-expressed-gene-transcripts-roots-resistant-and-susceptible-chickpea-plant-002554nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245014600055210006900201260007300270300001000343490000800353520157900361653002201940653001501962653002601977653002002003653003802023653001502061100002802076700002002104700002402124700002102148856013102169       2007                        eng d  a0378-111900aDiverse forms of pin-II family proteinase inhibitors from capsicum annuum adversely affect the growth and development of helicoverpa armigera0 aDiverse forms of pinII family proteinase inhibitors from capsicu  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcNOV  a29-380 v4033 a<p>Novel forms of Pin-II type proteinase inhibitor (PIs) cDNAs (CanPIs) having three or four inhibitory repeat domains (IRD) were isolated from the developing green fruits of Capsicum annuum. Deduced amino acid (aa) sequences of the CanPIs showed up to 15% sequence divergence among each other or reported inhibitors (CanPI-1 AF039398, CanPI-2 AF221097). Amino acid sequence analysis of these CanPIs revealed that three IRD Pls have trypsin inhibitory sites, while four IRD CanPIs have both trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory sites. Four CanPIs, two having three IRD (CanPI-3 AY986465 and CanPI-5 DQ005912) and two having four IRD (CanPI-7 DQ005913 and CanPI-9 DQ005915), were cloned in Pichia pastoris to express recombinant CanPIs. Recombinant CanPIs inhibited 90% of bovine trypsin (TI), while chymotrypsin inhibition (0) varied with the number of chymotrypsin inhibitory sites in the CanPIs. Recombinant inhibitors inhibited over 70% of the gut proteinase activity of Helicoverpa armigera. H. armigera larvae fed on recombinant CanPIs individually incorporated into artificial diet, showed 35% mortality; in addition, weight gain in H. armigera larvae and pupae was severely reduced compared to controls. Of the four CanPIs, CanPI-7, which has two sites for TI and CI, was the only one to have a consistently antagonistic effect on H. armigera growth and development. We conclude that among the four recombinant Pls tested, CanPIs containing diverse IRDs are best suited for developing insect-resistant transgenic plants. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10ainsect resistance10aIP repeats10aPI-insect interaction10aPichia pastoris10apotato type 2 inhibitors (Pot-II)10aSolanaceae1 aTamhane, Vaijayantl, A.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aSainani, Mohini, N.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/diverse-forms-pin-ii-family-proteinase-inhibitors-capsicum-annuum-adversely-affect-growth-001773nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260008800217300001400305490000700319520078000326653002401106653003301130653002101163653003401184100002201218700002601240700002001266700002301286700002401309700002601333700002101359856012701380       2007                        eng d  a0011-389100aGenetic diversity analysis of mango cultivars using inter simple sequence repeat markers0 aGenetic diversity analysis of mango cultivars using inter simple  aC V RAMAN AVENUE, PO BOX 8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbCURRENT SCIENCE ASSOCcOCT  a1135-11410 v933 a<p>With 33 polymorphic Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers, genetic diversity among 70 mango cultivars and a distant outgroup was analysed. Clustering was done using Dice and Jaccard coefficients with bootstrapping. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Euclidean distances. Among the total 420 bands, 408 were polymorphic. Probability that any ISSR fragment is shared by two different cultivars was calculated to be 2.54 x 10(-1). Non-Indian mango cultivars were found genetically diverged from Indian mango germ pool. No separation was observed between North Indian and South Indian cultivars. Twelve different cultivar-specific bands were detected for six cultivars, which approved the effectiveness of ISSR markers in mango genetic diversity analysis.</p>10aDNA finger printing10ainter simple sequence repeat10aMangifera indica10aprinciple coordinate analysis1 aPandit, Sagar, S.1 aMitra, Sirsha, Sribas1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aPujari, Keshav, H.1 aPatil, Bhimarao, P.1 aJambhale, Narayan, D.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/genetic-diversity-analysis-mango-cultivars-using-inter-simple-sequence-repeat-markers-002531nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260008100217300001200298490000700310520153700317653002201854653001701876653002201893653002601915653003301941653002401974100002101998700002402019700002402043700002302067700001802090700002102108856012402129       2007                        eng d  a0268-914600aMitochondrial haplotypes reveal a strong genetic structure for three Indian sheep breeds0 aMitochondrial haplotypes reveal a strong genetic structure for t  a9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLANDbBLACKWELL PUBLISHINGcOCT  a460-4660 v383 a<p>This survey represents the first characterization of mitochondrial DNA diversity within three breeds of Indian sheep (two strains of the Deccani breed, as well as the Bannur and Garole breeds) from different geographic regions and with divergent phenotypic characteristics. A 1061-bp fragment of the mitochondrial genome spanning the control region, a portion of the 12S rRNA gene and the complete phenyl tRNA gene, was sequenced from 73 animals and compared with the corresponding published sequence from European and Asian breeds and the European Mouflon (Ovis musimon). Analysis of all 156 sequences revealed 73 haplotypes, 52 of which belonged to the Indian breeds. The three Indian breeds had no haplotypes in common, but one Indian haplotype was shared with European and other Asian breeds. The highest nucleotide and haplotype diversity was observed in the Bannur breed (0.00355 and 0.981 respectively), while the minimum was in the Sangamneri strain of the Deccani breed (0.00167 and 0.882 respectively). All 52 Indian haplotypes belonged to mitochondrial lineage A. Therefore, these Indian sheep are distinct from other Asian and European breeds studied so far. The relationships among the haplotypes showed strong breed structure and almost no introgression among these Indian breeds, consistent with Indian sheep husbandry, which discourages genetic exchange between breeds. These results have implications for the conservation of India's ovine biodiversity and suggest a common origin for the breeds investigated.</p>10aGenetic diversity10aIndian sheep10amitochondrial DNA10amitochondrial lineage10aphylogeographic distribution10asheep domestication1 aPardeshi, V., C.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aSainani, Mohini, N.1 aMeadows, J., R. S.1 aKijas, J., W.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/mitochondrial-haplotypes-reveal-strong-genetic-structure-three-indian-sheep-breeds-002339nas a2200313   4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149260009800218300001400316490000700330520125300337653001101590653002301601653002101624653001901645653002301664653001001687100002201697700002201719700002501741700002001766700002301786700002501809700002201834700002501856700002101881856012301902       2009                        eng d  a0022-514200aChanges in volatile composition during fruit development and ripening of `Alphonso' mango0 aChanges in volatile composition during fruit development and rip  aTHE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLANDbJOHN WILEY & SONS LTDcSEP  a2071-20810 v893 a<p>BACKGROUND: Volatile blends of five developing and five ripening stages of mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Alphonso) were investigated along with those of flowers and leaves. Raw and ripe fruits of cv. Sabia were also used for comparison. RESULTS: A total of 55 volatiles belonging to various chemical classes such as aldehydes, alcohols, mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, lactones and furanones were identified. In all Alphonso tissues monoterpenes quantitatively dominated, with 57-99% contribution; in particular, (Z)-ocimene was found in the highest amount. Ripeness was characterized by the de novo appearance of lactones and furanones in the blend of monoterpenes. Sabja was distinguished by the abundance of monoterpene hydrocarbons in the raw fruit, and that of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and their derivatives in the ripe stage. CONCLUSION: Various stages of the Alphonso fruit during transition from flower to ripe fruit are characterized by unique volatile signatures that are distinguished from each other by the qualitative and quantitative appearance of different volatile compounds. Thus volatiles can be highly informative markers while studying the development and ripening of mango. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry</p>10aDeogad10aGas chromatography10aMangifera indica10amango products10aripening indicator10aSabja1 aPandit, Sagar, S.1 aKulkarni, Ram, S.1 aChidley, Hemangi, G.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aPujari, Keshav, H.1 aKoellner, Tobias, G.1 aDegenhardt, Joerg1 aGershenzon, Jonathan1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/changes-volatile-composition-during-fruit-development-and-ripening-alphonso-mango-002069nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245006900055210006900124260009900193300001200292490000800304520117400312653001201486653001001498653002101508653002601529653001501555100002201570700002501592700002201617700002301639700002001662700002101682856010001703       2009                        eng d  a0308-814600aCultivar relationships in mango based on fruit volatile profiles0 aCultivar relationships in mango based on fruit volatile profiles  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcMAY  a363-3720 v1143 a<p>Aroma volatiles of mango (Mangifera indica L.) determine consumer acceptability and influence selection, whilst breeding. To assess their variety, composition and possible impact on cultivar relationships, volatile blends of 22 Indian and five non-Indian cultivars were investigated using solvent extraction and gas chromatography. Totally 84 volatiles belonging to various chemical classes were detected. Based on the Cumulative Occurrence of members of these classes, cultivars were grouped as monoterpene or sesquiterpene dominant. a-Pinene, beta-myrcene and beta-caryophyllene were found in all 27 cultivars. For ordination, common compounds with high (relative) concentration provided quantitative characters, whereas the rare and lesser ones provided qualitative (binary) characters; non-Indian cultivars separated from Indian ones but displayed close relations within their groups. In conclusion, mango flavour is dominated qualitatively as well as quantitatively by terpene hydrocarbons; ancient selection of mango cultivars is hinted to be driven by different aroma characters in different parts of the world. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aFlavour10aGC-MS10aMangifera indica10aMultivariate analysis10aOrdination1 aPandit, Sagar, S.1 aChidley, Hemangi, G.1 aKulkarni, Ram, S.1 aPujari, Keshav, H.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/cultivar-relationships-mango-based-fruit-volatile-profiles-002551nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146260010600215300001200321490000700333520162700340653002301967653000901990653003201999653001902031653001602050100002402066700002202090700002802112700002102140700002002161856011602181       2009                        eng d  a0022-191000aResponses of midgut amylases of Helicoverpa armigera to feeding on various host plants0 aResponses of midgut amylases of Helicoverpa armigera to feeding   aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcAUG  a663-6700 v553 a<p>Midgut digestive amylases and proteinases of Helicoverpa armigera, a polyphagous and devastating insect pest of economic importance have been studied. We also identified the potential of a sorghum amylase inhibitor against H. armigera midgut amylase. Amylase activities were detected in all the larval instars, pupae, moths and eggs; early instars had lower amylase levels which steadily increased up to the sixth larval instar. Qualitative and quantitative differences in midgut amylases of H. amigera upon feeding on natural and artificial diets were evident. Natural diets were categorized as one or more members of legumes, vegetables, flowers and cereals belonging to different plant families. Amylase activity and isoform patterns varied depending on host plant and/or artificial diet. Artificial diet-fed H. armigera larvae had comparatively high amylase activity and several unique amylase isoforms. Correlation of amylase and proteinase activities of H. armigera with the protein and carbohydrate content of various diets suggested that H. armigera regulates the levels of these digestive enzymes in response to macromolecular composition of the diet. These adjustments in the digestive enzymes of H. armigera may be to obtain better nourishment from the diet and avoid toxicity due to nutritional imbalance. H. armigera, a generalist feeder experiences a great degree of nutritional heterogeneity in its diet. An investigation of the differences in enzyme levels in response to macronutrient balance and imbalance highlight their importance in insect nutrition. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aAmylase inhibitors10aDiet10aHelicoverpa armigera larvae10aMidgut amylase10aProteinases1 aKotkar, Hemlata, M.1 aSarate, Priya, J.1 aTamhane, Vaijayanti, A.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/responses-midgut-amylases-helicoverpa-armigera-feeding-various-host-plants-002542nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260007300238300001000311490000800321520164500329653001001974653002001984653002002004653001102024653001802035653002502053100002802078700002002106700001702126700002102143856012402164       2009                        eng d  a0378-111900aSpatial and temporal expression patterns of diverse Pin-II proteinase inhibitor genes in Capsicum annuum Linn0 aSpatial and temporal expression patterns of diverse PinII protei  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAUG  a88-980 v4423 a<p>Pin-II type proteinase inhibitor (PI) genes were cloned from fruit and stem tissues of Capsicum annuum L var Phule Jyoti using primers designed from reported CanPI gene sequence (AF039398). In total, 21 novel CanPIs, members of the Pin-II PI family, were identified in the study, with three isoforms of 1-inhibitory repeat domain (IRD), eight isoforms of 2-IRD), three isoforms of 3-IRD, five isoforms of 4-IRD and two partial CanPI sequences. Most of the sequences showed variation (2 to 20%) in the deduced AA sequences which were pronounced close to the reactive site loop. Expression patterns of CanPIs in the fruit and stem tissues of mature C. annuum plants were shown to vary qualitatively and quantitatively using semi-quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis. In the fruit tissue. CanPIs with different IRDs (from 1 to 4) were expressed simultaneously. In stem tissue, 1- and 2-IRD CanPIs were strongly expressed along moderate expression of 3- and 4-IRD genes. Analysis of CanPI protein activity showed a range of active forms across the tissues. CanPI expression was differentially up-regulated upon wounding and insect attack. Although infestation by aphids (Myzus persicae) and lepidopteran pests (Spodoptera litura) specifically induced 4-IRD CanPIs, virus-infected leaves did not affect CanPI expression. Analysis of CanPI protein activity indicated that the up-regulation in CanPI expression was not always correlated with increase in PI activity. Our results demonstrated that CanPI expression is regulated spatially, temporally as well as qualitatively and quantitatively. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCanPI10aCapsicum annuum10aEndogenous role10aPin-II10aPlant defense10aProteinase inhibitor1 aTamhane, Vaijayanti, A.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aKumar, Pavan1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/spatial-and-temporal-expression-patterns-diverse-pin-ii-proteinase-inhibitor-genes-002302nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245007900055210006900134260007300203300001000276490000800286520133100294653002501625653003001650653003701680653003501717653003201752100002301784700002001807700002401827700002101851700002301872700002801895856011301923       2009                        eng d  a0378-111900aWinged bean chymotrypsin inhibitors retard growth of Helicoverpla anmigera0 aWinged bean chymotrypsin inhibitors retard growth of Helicoverpl  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcFEB  a80-850 v4313 a<p>Two putative Kunitz-type chymotrypsin inhibitor genes (WC12 and WC15) were isolated from winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC). While WC12 has previously been characterized, WC15 represents a new member of the WC1 family. WC15 was exclusively expressed in winged bean seeds. Theoretical translation of both the genes resulted into polypeptides of 207 amino acids with 86% sequence similarity. The polypeptide sequences contain four half-cysteine residues and a well-conserved Leu(65)-Ser(66) reactive site, typical for chymotrypsin inhibitors. WC15 and WC12 were expressed in Pichia pastoris and the recombinant proteins were assayed against various proteinases. Both the inhibitors strongly inhibited commercially available bovine chymotrypsin. More importantly, gut proteinases of Helicoverpa armigera larvae that damage many important crop plants, were inhibited by WC12 and WC15. In addition, both proteinase inhibitors demonstrated significant reduction of growth of H. armigera larvae after feeding on inhibitor incorporated artificial diets. The inhibitory effects of WC12 and WC15 on activity of proteinases and larval growth make these proteins and their genes promising candidates for enhancing plant defense against H. armigera using transgenic plants. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAntimetabolic effect10aDigestive gut proteinases10aKunitz-type proteinase inhibitor10aOrgan-specific mRNA expression10aPsophocarpus tetragonolobus1 aTelang, Manasi, A.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aPyati, Prashant, S.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aTegeder, Mechthild1 aFranceschi, Vincent, R.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/winged-bean-chymotrypsin-inhibitors-retard-growth-helicoverpla-anmigera-002812nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260010300217300001200320490000700332520183900339653002102178653002002199653002302219653002702242100002202269700002202291700002002313700002502333700002202358700002502380700002102405856012002426       2010                        eng d  a0981-942800aExpression profiling of various genes during the fruit development and ripening of mango0 aExpression profiling of various genes during the fruit developme  a23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCEbELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIERcJUN  a426-4330 v483 a<p>Mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Alphonso) development and ripening are the programmed processes; conventional indices and volatile markers help to determine agronomically important stages of fruit life (fruit-setting, harvesting maturity and ripening climacteric). However, more and precise markers are required to understand this programming; apparently, fruit's transcriptome can be a good source of such markers. Therefore, we isolated 18 genes related to the physiology and biochemistry of the fruit and profiled their expression in developing and ripening fruits, flowers and leaves of mango using relative quantitation PCR. In most of the tissues, genes related to primary metabolism, abiotic stress, ethylene response and protein turnover showed high expression as compared to that of the genes related to flavor production. Metallothionin and/or ethylene-response transcription factor showed highest level of transcript abundance in all the tissues. Expressions of mono- and sesquiterpene synthases and 14-3-3 lowered during ripening; whereas, that of lipoxygenase, ethylene-response factor and ubiquitin-protein ligase increased during ripening. Based on these expression profiles, flower showed better positive correlation with developing and ripening fruits than leaf. Most of the genes showed their least expression on the second day of harvest, suggesting that harvesting signals significantly affect the fruit metabolism. Important stages in the fruit life were clearly indicated by the significant changes in the expression levels of various genes. These indications complemented those from the previous analyses of fruit development, ripening and volatile emission, revealing the harmony between physiological, biochemical and molecular activities of the fruit. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.</p>10aMangifera indica10aStress response10aTerpene metabolism10aTranscriptome analysis1 aPandit, Sagar, S.1 aKulkarni, Ram, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aKoellner, Tobias, G.1 aDegenhardt, Joerg1 aGershenzon, Jonathan1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/expression-profiling-various-genes-during-fruit-development-and-ripening-mango-003017nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245013800055210006900193260007700262300001400339490000700353520197800360653001002338653003002348653003402378653001102412653002102423653002902444100001902473700002802492700002102520700002502541700002102566700002002587856013202607       2010                        eng d  a1615-985300aInteraction of recombinant CanPIs with helicoverpa armigera gut proteases reveals their processing patterns, stability and efficiency0 aInteraction of recombinant CanPIs with helicoverpa armigera gut   aPO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcJUL  a2845-28570 v103 a<p>Six diverse representative Capsicum annuum (common name: hot pepper; Solanaceae) protease inhibitor genes, viz CanPI-5, -7, -13, -15, -19, and 22 comprising 1-4 inhibitory repeat domains (IRDs), were cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant proteins were evaluated for their interactions with bovine trypsin, chymotrypsin, and Helicoverpa armigera gut proteases (HGP) using electrophoretic (native and denaturing) and mass spectrometric (MALDI-TOF-MS in combination with intensity fading assays) techniques. These techniques allow qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of multiple and processed IRDs of purified recombinant Capsicum annuum proteinase inhibitor (rCanPI) proteins. rCanPIs showed over 90% trypsin inhibition, varying chymotrypsin inhibition depending on the number of respective IRDs and over 60% inhibition of total HGP. rCanPI-15 that has only one IRD showed exceptionally low inhibition of these proteases. Interaction studies of rCanPIs with proteases using intensity fading-MALDI-TOF-MS revealed gradual processing of multi-IRD rCanPIs into single IRD forms by the action of HGP at the linker region, unlike their interactions with trypsin and chymotrypsin. Intensity fading-MALDI-TOF-MS assay showed that CanPI-13 and -15, possessing single IRD and expressed predominantly in stem tissue are degraded by HGP; indicating their function other than defense. In vitro and in vivo studies on rCanPI-5 and -7 showed maximum inhibition of HGP isoforms and their processed IRDs were also found to be stable in the presence of HGP. Even single amino acid variations in IRDs were found to change the HGP specificity like in the case of HGP-8 inhibited only by IRD-12. The presence of active PI in insect gut might be responsible for changed HGP profile. rCanPI-5 and -7 enhanced HGP-7, reduced HGP-4, -5, -10 expression and new protease isoforms were induced. These results signify isoform complexity in plant PIs and insect proteases.</p>10aCanPI10aH. armigera gut proteases10aIntensity fading MALDI-TOF-MS10aPin-II10aPlant proteomics10aPlant-insect interaction1 aMishra, Manasi1 aTamhane, Vaijayanti, A.1 aKhandelwal, Neha1 aKulkarni, Mahesh, J.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/interaction-recombinant-canpis-helicoverpa-armigera-gut-proteases-reveals-their-processing-002252nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260008000241300001000321490000600331520145900337653002301796653002201819653001901841100001601860700002001876700002101896856012901917       2010                        eng d  a1614-294200aPhylogeographical studies in disjunct populations of symplocos laurina wall. using cytoplasmic PCR-RFLP approach0 aPhylogeographical studies in disjunct populations of symplocos l  aTIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANYbSPRINGER HEIDELBERGcDEC  a13-230 v63 a<p>Genetic variation, haplotype relationships, and potential regions of diversity in Symplocos laurina Wall. (Symplocaceae), a montane tree species from India, have been tested using molecular and biogeographical data to infer phylogeographic patterns. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to determine the chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA haplotypes of 218 individuals from 12 populations, collected from Northeast India (NEI), which is a part of Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, and South India, which includes the Western Ghats (WG), another biodiversity hotspot from India and Eastern Ghats (EG). Nine cpDNA (chlorotypes) and 24 mtDNA haplotypes (mitotypes) were identified; the WG region was identified as the most diverse for chlorotypes and the NEI region for mitotypes. Although a strong population differentiation was observed, phylogeographic structure was found to be absent for both the genomes. The haplotype network revealed the presence of two main lineages: NEI-WG lineage and EG lineage, largely without overlapping distributions. The study tests two hypotheses, namely vicariance and dispersal, to understand the distribution of plants in India. The population structure of S. laurina strongly suggests the persistence of the species in putative refugial areas preglaciation and further establishment of other populations of S. laurina from these refugial populations.</p>10aCytoplasmic genome10aGenetic diversity10aPhylogeography1 aBanu, Sofia1 aLagu, Meena, D.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/phylogeographical-studies-disjunct-populations-symplocos-laurina-wall-using-cytoplasmic-002267nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260007900243300001200322490000700334520126700341653000801608653002501616653002501641653001201666653001601678653002301694100002501717700002001742700002401762700002501786700002601811700002101837856013101858       2010                        eng d  a1073-608500aRelatedness of Indian flax genotypes (Linum usitatissimum L.): an inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primer assay0 aRelatedness of Indian flax genotypes Linum usitatissimum L an in  a999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USAbHUMANA PRESS INCcJUN  a161-1700 v453 a<p>The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic relationships, using PCR-based ISSR markers, among 70 Indian flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes actively utilized in flax breeding programs. Twelve ISSR primers were used for the analysis yielding 136 loci, of which 87 were polymorphic. The average number of amplified loci and the average number of polymorphic loci per primer were 11.3 and 7.25, respectively, while the percent loci polymorphism ranged from 11.1 to 81.8 with an average of 63.9 across all the genotypes. The range of polymorphism information content scores was 0.03-0.49, with an average of 0.18. A dendrogram was generated based on the similarity matrix by the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), wherein the flax genotypes were grouped in five clusters. The Jaccard's similarity coefficient among the genotypes ranged from 0.60 to 0.97. When the omega-3 alpha linolenic acid (ALA) contents of the individual genotypes were correlated with the clusters in the dendrogram, the high ALA containing genotypes were grouped in two clusters. This study identified SLS 50, Ayogi, and Sheetal to be the most diverse genotypes and suggested their use in breeding programs and for developing mapping populations.</p>10aALA10aAlpha linolenic acid10aDiversity assessment10aLinseed10aOil content10aOmega-3 fatty acid1 aRajwade, Ashwini, V.1 aArora, Ritu, S.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aHarsulkar, Abhay, M.1 aGhorpade, Prakash, B.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/relatedness-indian-flax-genotypes-linum-usitatissimum-l-inter-simple-sequence-repeat-issr-002052nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260011000222300001400332490000700346520109800353653003101451653002701482653001701509653000901526653002201535653002201557100002501579700002301604700002101627700002201648856012801670       2010                        eng d  a0376-471000aStructure-function mimicry of oxidized purple acid phosphatase-PAP(ox)-A new functional model0 aStructurefunction mimicry of oxidized purple acid phosphatasePAP  aDR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIAbNATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIRcAUG  a1023-10290 v493 a<p>{Electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of the novel diiron active site of oxidized mammalian purple acid phosphatase analogues, Fe-6: [Fe-2 (mu-O) (mu-OAc) (4HNSQ(ox))(2 center dot-)(ONSQ(ox))(2 center dot-)(H2O)(4)] and Fe-7: [Fe-2 (mu-O) (mu-OAc)(ONSQ(ox))(2 center dot-)(OAc) (H2O)(4)] are described. Magnetic susceptibility SQUID data of Fe-6 are best fitted to Heisenberg's isotropic spin pair (S = 5/2, 3/2) model using magnetic parameters g = 2 and J = - 36.8 cm(-1) with R factor = 6.4 x 10(-4). The antiferromagnetic exchange establishes Fe(III)-O-Fe(III) dimeric core with Fe(III) site having two radical ligations in the naphthosemiquinone oxime form of lawsone oxime. In the model compound Fe-7 of oxidized purple acid phosphatase, bridged and terminal acetate functions are identified according to their different energies of activations, i.e, similar to 34 and 58 kJ mol(-1) respectively. Also, the reduced naphthoquinone oxime form of ligand is characterized by its energy of activation (similar to 15 kJ mol(-1)) from pyrolytic reaction. Mossbauer parameters</p>10aAntiferromagnetic exchange10aBioinorganic chemistry10aDNA cleavage10airon10aNuclease activity10aPAP(ox) analogues1 aWaghmode, Shobha, A.1 aDate, Sadgopal, K.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aRane, Sandhya, Y.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/structure-function-mimicry-oxidized-purple-acid-phosphatase-papox-new-functional-model-002324nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260007100233300001400304490000700318520141500325653001501740653001601755653002001771653002501791653001501816100002301831700002401854700002101878700002101899700002001920856013001940       2011                        eng d  a1535-389300aAssimilatory potential of helicoverpa armigera reared on host (chickpea) and nonhost (cassia tora) diets0 aAssimilatory potential of helicoverpa armigera reared on host ch  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcNOV  a5128-51380 v103 a<p>Adaptation to plant allelochemicals is a crucial aspect of herbivore chemical ecology. To understand an insect ecology, we studied an effect of nonhost Cassia tora seed-based diet (Ct) on growth, development, and molecular responses in Helicoverpa armigera. We employed a comparative approach to investigate the proteomic differences in gut, hemolymph, and frass of H. armigera reared on a normal (chickpea seed-based, Cp) and Ct diet. In this study, a total of 46 proteins were identified by nano-LC-MS(E). Among them, 17 proteins were up-regulated and 29 proteins were down-regulated when larvae were exposed to the Ct diet. Database searches combined with GO analysis revealed that gut proteases engrossed in digestion, proteins crucial for immunity, adaptive responses to stress, and detoxification were down-regulated in the Ct fed larvae. Proteins identified in H. armigera hemolymph were found to be involved in defense mechanisms. Moreover, proteins found in frass of the Ct fed larvae were observed to participate in energy metabolism. Biochemical and quantitative real-time PCR analysis of selected candidate proteins showed differential gene expression patterns and corroborated with the proteomic data. Our results suggest that the Ct diet could alter expression of proteins related to digestion, absorption of nutrients, adaptation, defense mechanisms, and energy metabolism in H. armigera.</p>10aadaptation10aCassia tora10aGene expression10aHelicoverpa armigera10aproteomics1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aChikate, Yojana, R.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aSlade, Susan, E.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/assimilatory-potential-helicoverpa-armigera-reared-host-chickpea-and-nonhost-cassia-tora-002280nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155260007300224300000800297490000800305520142300313653001001736653002201746653002001768653002501788653001401813100002401827700002001851700002101871700002001892856012601912       2012                        eng d  a0378-111900aAmylase gene expression patterns in Helicoverpa armigera upon feeding on a range of host plants0 aAmylase gene expression patterns in Helicoverpa armigera upon fe  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUN  a1-70 v5013 a<p>Expression of two amylase genes (HaAmy1 and HaAmy2) was studied in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding on different host plants and during larval development. Alignment of HaAmy1 and HaAmy2 with other insect amylases shows similarities with known Lepidopteran amylase transcripts. H. armigera amylase gene expression is influenced by the availability of reducing sugars, sucrose and starch content of host plants and further correlates to the pool of reducing sugars in the gut and haemolymph of larvae. HaAmy1 and HaAmy2 during larval development on two host plants viz., maize (cereal) and marigold (ornamental) showed their relative difference. Results support the view that when host plants differ in their macronutrients, relationships of enzymes and substrates are flexible. The present work highlights the distribution of HaAmy1 and HaAmy2 (i) during various stages of insect development (second, fourth and sixth instar, pupa, adult and egg), (ii) in various tissues viz., head, haemolymph, fat body, integument and whole larval body of H. armigera feeding on artificial diet and (iii) in three gut regions of larvae fed on various diets. Complexity in expression of amylase genes suggests existence of mechanisms involved to detect nutrient balance required for avoiding fitness costs and focus their importance in insect nutrition. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aDiets10aDigestive amylase10aGene expression10aHelicoverpa armigera10aNutrition1 aKotkar, Hemlata, M.1 aBhide, Amey, J.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/amylase-gene-expression-patterns-helicoverpa-armigera-upon-feeding-range-host-plants-002469nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260007400238300001200312490000700324520154700331653000901878653002901887653003101916653000801947100002101955700002501976700002402001700002602025700002102051700002102072856012202093       2012                        eng d  a1380-374300aDevelopment of genomic simple sequence repeat markers for linseed using next-generation sequencing technology0 aDevelopment of genomic simple sequence repeat markers for linsee  aVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDSbSPRINGERcJUN  a597-6060 v303 a<p>Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is regarded as a cash crop of tomorrow because of the presence of nutraceutically important alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and lignan. However, only limited breeding progress has been made in this crop, mainly due to the lack of sufficient genetic and genomic resources. Among these, simple sequence repeats (SSR) are useful DNA markers for diversity analysis, genetic mapping and tagging traits because of their co-dominant and highly polymorphic nature. In order to develop SSR markers for linseed, we used three microsatellite isolation methods, viz., PCR Isolation of Microsatellite Arrays (PIMA), 5'-anchored PCR method, and Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences COntaining repeats (FIASCO). The amplified products from these methods were pooled and sequenced using the 454 GS-FLX platform. A total of 36,332 reads were obtained, which assembled into 2,183 contigs and 2,509 singlets. The contigs and the singlets contained 1,842 microsatellite motifs, with dinucleotide motifs as the most abundant repeat type (54%) followed by trinucleotide motifs (44%). Based on this, 290 SSR markers were designed, 52 of which were evaluated using a panel of 27 diverse linseed genotypes. Among the three enrichment methods, the 5'-anchored PCR method was most efficient for isolation of microsatellites, while FIASCO was most efficient for developing SSR markers. We show the utility of next-generation sequencing technology for efficiently discovering a large number of microsatellite markers in non-model plants.</p>10aFlax10aMicrosatellite isolation10aNext-generation sequencing10aSSR1 aKale, Sandip, M.1 aPardeshi, Varsha, C.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aGhorpade, Prakash, B.1 aJana, Murari, M.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/development-genomic-simple-sequence-repeat-markers-linseed-using-next-generation-002341nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260005800249300000700307490000700314520143700321653001301758653002301771653001201794653001401806100001901820700002001839700001901859700001901878700001401897700002101911700002001932856012301952       2012                        eng d  a1536-244200aDevelopmental and digestive flexibilities in the midgut of a polyphagous pest, the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera0 aDevelopmental and digestive flexibilities in the midgut of a pol  aLIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USAbUNIV ARIZONAcMAR  a420 v123 a<p>Developmental patterns and survival of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a polyphagous insect pest, have been studied with reference to the effect of diet on major gut digestive enzymes (amylases, proteases, and lipases). Significant correlations between nutritional quality of the diet and larval and pupal mass were observed when H. armigera larvae were fed on various host plants viz. legumes (chickpea and pigeonpea), vegetables (tomato and okra), flowers (rose and marigold), and cereals (sorghum and maize). Larvae fed on diets rich in proteins and/or carbohydrates (pigeonpea, chickpea, maize, and sorghum) showed higher larval mass and developed more rapidly than larvae fed on diets with low protein and carbohydrate content (rose, marigold, okra, and tomato). Low calorific value diets like rose and marigold resulted in higher mortality (25-35%) of H. armigera. Even with highly varying development efficiency and larval/pupal survival rates, H. armigera populations feeding on different diets completed their life cycles. Digestive enzymes of H. armigera displayed variable expression levels and were found to be regulated on the basis of macromolecular composition of the diet. Post-ingestive adaptations operating at the gut level, in the form of controlled release of digestive enzymes, might be a key factor contributing to the physiological plasticity in H. armigera.</p>10aamylases10alarval performance10aLipases10aProteases1 aSarate, P., J.1 aTamhane, V., A.1 aKotkar, H., M.1 aRatnakaran, N.1 aSusan, N.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/developmental-and-digestive-flexibilities-midgut-polyphagous-pest-cotton-bollworm-101858nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245006800055210006800123260009900191300001000290490000800300520103900308653001001347653002601357653001301383653001401396100002201410700002501432700002301457700002001480700002101500856009501521       2012                        eng d  a0308-814600aGeographic variation in the flavour volatiles of alphonso mango0 aGeographic variation in the flavour volatiles of alphonso mango  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJAN  a58-660 v1303 a<p>Alphonso, one of the most popular cultivars of mango in India is known to exhibit geographic variation in the flavour of ripe fruits. To get chemical insight into this difference, volatiles were studied in the ripening fruits of Alphonso mangoes from three cultivation locations in India. Ripe fruits from Deogad had lower content of mono- and sesquiterpenes and higher content of lactones and furanones as compared to the fruits from Dapoli: whereas fruits from Vengurle had average quantities of these chemicals in comparison with Deogad and Dapoli fruits. This variation was clearly reflected as separate clustering of the localities in the Principal Component Analysis. The localities were indistinguishable from each other in terms of raw fruit volatiles. This study exemplifies a case of phenotypic plasticity; since the plants chosen were clonally propagated, such geographic variation in the volatiles can be attributed to varied abiotic conditions at these three localities. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aMango10aPhenotypic plasticity10aRipening10aVolatiles1 aKulkarni, Ram, S.1 aChidley, Hemangi, G.1 aPujari, Keshav, H.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/geographic-variation-flavour-volatiles-alphonso-mango-002286nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160260007600229300001000305490000800315520124200323653003001565653003901595653000901634653004401643653000801687653004701695100002601742700001601768700002701784700002101811700002101832700002801853856012701881       2012                        eng d  a0179-954100aMapping of tms8 gene for temperature-sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) in rice (Oryza sativa L.)0 aMapping of tms8 gene for temperaturesensitive genic male sterili  aCOMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcFEB  a42-470 v1313 a<p>Genetic analysis of F-2 and backcross populations of an induced temperature-sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) mutant source F 61 with normal pollen parents revealed that TGMS trait was controlled by a single recessive gene. Molecular tagging of TGMS trait was attempted using polymorphic randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers through bulked segregant analysis. The RAPD primers UBC 345830, UBC 313927, microsatellites RM224 and RM21 produced putative markers, which differentiate parents and bulks from sterile parent and sterile bulks. The RAPD analysis of individual F-2 plants with the primer UBC345(830) showed perfect marker-phenotype cosegregation. The 830-bp RAPD fragment, which segregated with TGMS locus at a distance of 1.33 cM, was eluted and cloned, and sequence information was used for designing sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) primer, which cosegregated with TGMS locus at a distance of 0.8 cM. TGMS locus was mapped onto chromosome 11 using RM21 and RM224, flanking it at a distance of 4.3 and 3.0 cM, respectively. The DNA markers tightly linked to TGMS gene (tms8) in F 61 can be cost effectively used for marker-assisted selection of TGMS trait.</p>10aBulked segregant analysis10arandomly amplified polymorphic DNA10arice10asequence-characterized amplified region10aSSR10atemperature-sensitive genic male sterility1 aHussain, Appibhai, J.1 aAli, Jauhar1 aSiddiq, Ebrahimali, A.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aReddy, Umesh, K.1 aRanjekar, Prabhakar, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/mapping-tms8-gene-temperature-sensitive-genic-male-sterility-tgms-rice-oryza-sativa-l-003222nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245014400055210006900199260008100268300000800349490000700357520242200364100002502786700002502811700002102836700002402857700002102881856012602902       2012                        eng d  a1471-216400aPhylogenomic analysis of UDP glycosyltransferase 1 multigene family in Linum usitatissimum identified genes with varied expression patterns0 aPhylogenomic analysis of UDP glycosyltransferase 1 multigene fam  a236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLANDbBIOMED CENTRAL LTDcMAY  a1750 v133 a<p>Background: The glycosylation process, catalyzed by ubiquitous glycosyltransferase (GT) family enzymes, is a prevalent modification of plant secondary metabolites that regulates various functions such as hormone homeostasis, detoxification of xenobiotics and biosynthesis and storage of secondary metabolites. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a commercially grown oilseed crop, important because of its essential fatty acids and health promoting lignans. Identification and characterization of UDP glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes from flax could provide valuable basic information about this important gene family and help to explain the seed specific glycosylated metabolite accumulation and other processes in plants. Plant genome sequencing projects are useful to discover complexity within this gene family and also pave way for the development of functional genomics approaches. Results: Taking advantage of the newly assembled draft genome sequence of flax, we identified 137 UDP glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes from flax using a conserved signature motif. Phylogenetic analysis of these protein sequences clustered them into 14 major groups (A-N). Expression patterns of these genes were investigated using publicly available expressed sequence tag (EST), microarray data and reverse transcription quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR). Seventy-three per cent of these genes (100 out of 137) showed expression evidence in 15 tissues examined and indicated varied expression profiles. The RT-qPCR results of 10 selected genes were also coherent with the digital expression analysis. Interestingly, five duplicated UGT genes were identified, which showed differential expression in various tissues. Of the seven intron loss/gain positions detected, two intron positions were conserved among most of the UGTs, although a clear relationship about the evolution of these genes could not be established. Comparison of the flax UGTs with orthologs from four other sequenced dicot genomes indicated that seven UGTs were flax diverged. Conclusions: Flax has a large number of UGT genes including few flax diverged ones. Phylogenetic analysis and expression profiles of these genes identified tissue and condition specific repertoire of UGT genes from this crop. This study would facilitate precise selection of candidate genes and their further characterization of substrate specificities and in planta functions.</p>1 aBarvkar, Vitthal, T.1 aPardeshi, Varsha, C.1 aKale, Sandip, M.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/phylogenomic-analysis-udp-glycosyltransferase-1-multigene-family-linum-usitatissimum-002528nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245014300055210006900198260007100267300001400338490000700352520148300359653002501842653001601867653003201883653002601915653000801941653003701949100002501986700002502011700002102036700002402057700002002081700002102101856012802122       2012                        eng d  a1535-389300aProteome profiling of flax (linum usitatissimum) seed: characterization of functional metabolic pathways operating during seed development0 aProteome profiling of flax linum usitatissimum seed characteriza  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcDEC  a6264-62760 v113 a<p>Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seeds are an important source of food and feed due to the presence of various health promoting compounds, making it a nutritionally and economically important plant. An in-depth analysis of the proteome of developing flax seed is expected to provide significant information with respect to the regulation and accumulation of such storage compounds. Therefore, a proteomic analysis of seven seed developmental stages (4, 8, 12, 16, 22, 30, and 48 days after anthesis) in a flax variety, NL-97 was carried out using a combination of ID-SDS-PAGE and LC-MSE methods. A total 1716 proteins were identified and their functional annotation revealed that a majority of them were involved in primary metabolism, protein destination, storage and energy. Three carbon assimilatory pathways appeared to operate in flax seeds. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR of selected 19 genes was carried out to understand their roles during seed development. Besides storage proteins, methionine synthase, RuBisCO and S-adenosylmethionine synthetase were highly expressed transcripts, highlighting their importance in flax seed development. Further, the identified proteins were mapped onto developmental seed specific expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries of flax to obtain transcriptional evidence and 81% of them had detectable expression at the mRNA level. This study provides new insights into the complex seed developmental processes operating in flax.</p>10aalpha-linolenic acid10acarbon flux10aDigital expression analysis10aflax seed development10aMSE10asecoisolariciresinol diglucoside1 aBarvkar, Vitthal, T.1 aPardeshi, Varsha, C.1 aKale, Sandip, M.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/proteome-profiling-flax-linum-usitatissimum-seed-characterization-functional-metabolic-003296nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245007100055210006900126260008100195300000800276490000700284520235500291653001002646653001402656653002002670653003802690653002902728100001902757700002202776700002802798700002502826700002102851700002102872700002002893856010502913       2012                        eng d  a1471-222900aStress inducible proteinase inhibitor diversity in capsicum annuum0 aStress inducible proteinase inhibitor diversity in capsicum annu  a236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLANDbBIOMED CENTRAL LTDcNOV  a2170 v123 a<p>Background: Wound-inducible Pin-II Proteinase inhibitors (PIs) are one of the important plant serine PIs which have been studied extensively for their structural and functional diversity and relevance in plant defense against insect pests. To explore the functional specialization of an array of Capsicum annuum (L.) proteinase inhibitor (CanPIs) genes, we studied their expression, processing and tissue-specific distribution under steady-state and induced conditions. Inductions were performed by subjecting C. annuum leaves to various treatments, namely aphid infestation or mechanical wounding followed by treatment with either oral secretion (OS) of Helicoverpa armigera or water. Results: The elicitation treatments regulated the accumulation of CanPIs corresponding to 4-, 3-, and 2-inhibitory repeat domains (IRDs). Fourty seven different CanPI genes composed of 28 unique IRDs were identified in total along with those reported earlier. The CanPI gene pool either from uninduced or induced leaves was dominated by 3-IRD PIs and trypsin inhibitory domains. Also a major contribution by 4-IRD CanPI genes possessing trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor domains was specifically revealed in wounded leaves treated with OS. Wounding displayed the highest number of unique CanPIs while wounding with OS treatment resulted in the high accumulation of specifically CanPI-4, -7 and -10. Characterization of the PI protein activity through two dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed tissue and induction specific patterns. Consistent with transcript abundance, wound plus OS or water treated C. annuum leaves exhibited significantly higher PI activity and isoform diversity contributed by 3- and 4-IRD CanPIs. CanPI accumulation and activity was weakly elicited by aphid infestation yet resulted in the higher expression of CanPI-26, -41 and -43. Conclusions: Plants can differentially perceive various kinds of insect attacks and respond appropriately through activating plant defenses including regulation of PIs at transcriptional and post-translational levels. Based on the differentially elicited CanPI accumulation patterns, it is intriguing to speculate that generating sequence diversity in the form of multi-IRD PIs is a part of elaborative plant defense strategy to obtain a diverse pool of functional units to confine insect attack.</p>10aCanPI10aHerbivory10aOral secretions10aPin-II type proteinase inhibitors10aPlant-insect interaction1 aMishra, Manasi1 aMahajan, Neha, S.1 aTamhane, Vaijayanti, A.1 aKulkarni, Mahesh, J.1 aBaldwin, Ian, T.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/stress-inducible-proteinase-inhibitor-diversity-capsicum-annuum-002516nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260007300249300001400322490000900336520153000345653001901875653002101894653003601915653001301951653002301964653003201987100002202019700001902041700001902060700002102079700002002100856013002120       2013                        eng d  a0304-416500aComplementation of intramolecular interactions for structural-functional stability of plant serine proteinase inhibitors0 aComplementation of intramolecular interactions for structuralfun  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcNOV  a5087-50940 v18303 a<p>Background: Plant protease inhibitors (PIs) constitute a diverse group of proteins capable of inhibiting proteases. Among Pls, serine Pls (SPIs) display stability and conformational restrictions of the reactive site loop by virtue of their compact size, and by the presence of disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and other weak interactions. Scope of review: The significance of various intramolecular interactions contributing to protein folding mechanism and their role in overall stability and activity of SPIs is discussed here. Furthermore, we have reviewed the effect of variation or manipulation of these interactions on the activity/stability of SPIs. Major conclusions: The selective gain or loss of disulfide bond(s) in SPIs can be associated with their functional differentiation, which is likely to be compensated by non-covalent interactions (hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions). Thus, these intramolecular interactions are collectively responsible for the functional activity of SPIs, through the maintenance of scaffold framework, conformational rigidity and shape complementarities of reactive site loop. General significance: Structural insight of these interactions will provide an in-depth understanding of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters involved in the folding and stability mechanisms of SPIs. These features can be explored for engineering canonical SPIs for optimizing their overall stability and functionality for various applications. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aDisulfide bond10ahydrogen bonding10aIntramolecular weak interaction10aProtease10aReactive site loop10aSerine proteinase inhibitor1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aMishra, Manasi1 aSuresh, C., G.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/complementation-intramolecular-interactions-structural-functional-stability-plant-serine-002009nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245007800055210006900133260006700202300001200269490000700281520116500288653001501453653001701468653002501485653001401510653001201524100002401536700002001560700002201580700002101602700002001623856011201643       2013                        eng d  a0962-107500aDifferential protease activity augments polyphagy in helicoverpa armigera0 aDifferential protease activity augments polyphagy in helicoverpa  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcJUN  a258-2720 v223 a<p>Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and other polyphagous agricultural pests are extending their plant host range and emerging as serious agents in restraining crop productivity. Dynamic regulation, coupled with a diversity of digestive and detoxifying enzymes, play a crucial role in the adaptation of polyphagous insects. To investigate the functional intricacy of serine proteases in the development and polyphagy of H.armigera, we profiled the expression of eight trypsin-like and four chymotrypsin-like phylogenetically diverse mRNAs from different life stages of H.armigera reared on nutritionally distinct host plants. These analyses revealed diet- and stage-specific protease expression patterns. The trypsins expressed showed structural variations, which might result in differential substrate specificity and interaction with inhibitors. Protease profiles in the presence of inhibitors and their mass spectrometric analyses revealed insight into their differential activity. These findings emphasize the differential expression of serine proteases and their consequences for digestive physiology in promoting polyphagy in H.armigera.</p>10aadaptation10achymotrypsin10aHelicoverpa armigera10apolyphagy10aTrypsin1 aChikate, Yojana, R.1 aTamhane, V., A.1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/differential-protease-activity-augments-polyphagy-helicoverpa-armigera-002427nas a2200301   4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260005700242300001400299490000800313520138600321653003201707653001701739653001201756653001001768653002801778653002201806100002501828700002501853700002101878700001701899700002101916700001601937700002101953700002401974856012701998       2013                        eng d  a0032-093500aGenome-wide identification and characterization of microRNA genes and their targets in flax (Linum usitatissimum)0 aGenomewide identification and characterization of microRNA genes  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcAPR  a1149-11610 v2373 a<p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (20-24 nucleotide long) endogenous regulatory RNAs that play important roles in plant growth and development. They regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by translational repression or target degradation and gene silencing. In this study, we identified 116 conserved miRNAs belonging to 23 families from the flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) genome using a computational approach. The precursor miRNAs varied in length; while most of the mature miRNAs were 21 nucleotide long, intergenic and showed conserved signatures of RNA polymerase II transcripts in their upstream regions. Promoter region analysis of the flax miRNA genes indicated prevalence of MYB transcription factor binding sites. Four miRNA gene clusters containing members of three phylogenetic groups were identified. Further, 142 target genes were predicted for these miRNAs and most of these represent transcriptional regulators. The miRNA encoding genes were expressed in diverse tissues as determined by digital expression analysis as well as real-time PCR. The expression of fourteen miRNAs and nine target genes was independently validated using the quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). This study suggests that a large number of conserved plant miRNAs are also found in flax and these may play important roles in growth and development of flax.</p>10aDigital expression analysis10aGene cluster10aLinseed10amiRNA10aMiRNA target transcript10aPromoter analysis1 aBarvkar, Vitthal, T.1 aPardeshi, Varsha, C.1 aKale, Sandip, M.1 aQiu, Shuqing1 aRollins, Meaghen1 aDatla, Raju1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/genome-wide-identification-and-characterization-microrna-genes-and-their-targets-flax-002468nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245015900055210006900214260012000283300001000403490000700413520142200420653000901842653003001851653001901881653001201900653002601912653002201938100002101960700002501981700002502006700002102031700002402052856012602076       2013                        eng d  a0831-279600aGenome-wide identification and characterization of nucleotide binding site leucine-rich repeat genes in linseed reveal distinct patterns of gene structure0 aGenomewide identification and characterization of nucleotide bin  a1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADAbCANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESScFEB  a91-990 v563 a<p>Plants employ different disease-resistance genes to detect pathogens and to induce defense responses. The largest class of these genes encodes proteins with nucleotide binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. To identify the putative NBS-LRR encoding genes from linseed, we analyzed the recently published linseed genome sequence and identified 147 NBS-LRR genes. The NBS domain was used for phylogeny construction and these genes were classified into two well-known families, non-TIR (CNL) and TIR related (TNL), and formed eight clades in the neighbor-joining bootstrap tree. Eight different gene structures were observed among these genes. An unusual domain arrangement was observed in the TNL family members, predominantly in the TNL-5 clade members belonging to class D. About 12% of the genes observed were linseed specific. The study indicated that the linseed genes probably have an ancient origin with few progenitor genes. Quantitative expression analysis of five genes showed inducible expression. The in silico expression evidence was obtained for a few of these genes, and the expression was not correlated with the presence of any particular regulatory element or with unusual domain arrangement in those genes. This study will help in understanding the evolution of these genes, the development of disease resistant varieties, and the mechanism of disease resistance in linseed.</p>10aFlax10ain silico gene expression10amotif analysis10aNBS-LRR10aPhylogenetic analysis10aPromoter analysis1 aKale, Sandip, M.1 aPardeshi, Varsha, C.1 aBarvkar, Vitthal, T.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/genome-wide-identification-and-characterization-nucleotide-binding-site-leucine-rich-002593nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260007100221300001400292490000700306520162800313653001601941653001701957653001601974653001601990653001502006653002602021100002302047700002402070700002802094700002602122700002102148700002002169856012602189       2013                        eng d  a1535-389300aMolecular insights into resistance mechanisms of lepidopteran insect pests against toxicants0 aMolecular insights into resistance mechanisms of lepidopteran in  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcNOV  a4727-47370 v123 a<p>Insect pests remain a major reason for crop loss worldwide despite extensive use of chemical insecticides. More than B 50% of all insecticides are organophosphates, followed by synthetic pyrethroids, organochlorines, carbamates, and biopesticides, and their continued use may have many environmental, agricultural, medical, and socioeconomic issues. Importantly, only a countable number of insects have acquired the status of crop pests, mostly due to monoculture of crop plants and polyphagous nature of the insects. We focus on A adaptations of Lepidopteran insects to phytochemicals and synthetic pesticides in native and modern agricultural systems. Because of heavy use of chemical insecticides, a strong selection pressure is imposed on insect populations, resulting in the emergence of resistance against candidate compound(s). Current knowledge suggests that insects generally implement a three-tier system to overcome the effect of toxic compounds at physiological, biochemical, and genetic levels. Furthermore, we have discussed whether the adaptation to phytochemicals provides an advantage to the insect while encountering synthetic insecticide molecules. Specific metabolic pathways employed by insects to convert deterrents into less toxic forms or their removal from the system are highlighted. Using the proteomics approach, insect proteins interacting with insecticides can be identified, and their modification in resistant insects can be characterized. Also, systems biology studies can offer useful cues to decipher the molecular networks participating in the metabolism of detrimental compounds.</p>10afield crops10ainsect-pests10ainsecticide10aLepidoptera10aproteomics10aresistance mechanisms1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aChikate, Yojana, R.1 aLomate, Purushottam, R.1 aDholakia, Bhushan, B.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/molecular-insights-resistance-mechanisms-lepidopteran-insect-pests-against-toxicants-002194nas a2200181   4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260000800242300001600250490000900266520149500275100002201770700001901792700002801811700002101839700002001860856013201880       2013                        eng d00aPlasticity of protease gene expression in helicoverpa armigera upon exposure to multi-domain capsicum annuum protease inhibitor0 aPlasticity of protease gene expression in helicoverpa armigera u  cMAR  a3414–34200 v18303 a<p>Background A multi-domain Pin-II type protease inhibitor from Capsicum annuum (CanPI-7) is known to be effective against the insect pest, Helicoverpa armigera. The present study is an attempt to investigate the optimal dose of recombinant CanPI-7 (rCanPI-7) for effective antibiosis to H. armigera and further to characterize the responses of digestive proteases upon rCanPI-7 ingestion. Methods The gut protease activity was assessed biochemically and transcript accumulation pattern for selected trypsin and chymotrypsin genes was analyzed by quantitative Real-Time PCR. Results The growth retardation upon exposure to rCanPI-7 was more prominent in neonates as compared to third instar larvae. Influence of stage and dosage of rCanPI-7 was conspicuous on the expression and regulation of candidate trypsin and chymotrypsin genes in H. armigera. The transcript accumulation pattern correlated with the protease activity in rCanPI-7 exposed larvae. Conclusions We conclude that early exposure and specific dose of protease inhibitor are essential for effective antibiosis despite the large diversity and plasticity in the expression of protease genes in H. armigera. Moreover, it is also evident that the regulation and expression of H. armigera gut proteases are specific to the stage of PI exposure. General significance These results highlight the requirement of optimal PI concentration for effective growth retardation and for inhibiting the major gut proteases of H. armigera.</p>1 aMahajan, Neha, S.1 aMishra, Manasi1 aTamhane, Vaijayanti, A.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/plasticity-protease-gene-expression-helicoverpa-armigera-upon-exposure-multi-domain-capsicum02001nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260009900233300001200332490000800344520106400352653001301416653001201429653001001441653002001451653001301471653001401484100002501498700002201523700002301545700002001568700002101588856012601609       2013                        eng d  a0308-814600aSpatial and temporal changes in the volatile profile of alphonso mango upon exogenous ethylene treatment0 aSpatial and temporal changes in the volatile profile of alphonso  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJAN  a585-5940 v1363 a<p>Alphonso is a highly favoured and exported mango cultivar among the vast mango germplasm of India. Being a climacteric fruit, ethylene plays an important role in ripening of mango. For deeper understanding of effect of pre-climacteric ethylene treatment on volatile profiles of Alphonso mango, 26 volatiles were tracked through six ripening stages of pulp and skin of ethylene-treated and control Alphonso fruits. The study revealed accelerated ripening in terms of early appearance of ripening-specific compounds, lactones and mesifuran, upon ethylene treatment. While the level of lactones remained unaffected, the mesifuran level vastly increased upon ethylene treatment. Skin showed high terpene content while pulp had higher amount of lactones compared to skin. This work points towards involvement of ethylene as a natural hormone in the biosynthesis of lactones and furanones in naturally ripened fruits; whereas, an increase in the terpene level during ripening appears to be independent of ethylene. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aEthylene10aFlavour10aMango10aPre-climacteric10aRipening10aVolatiles1 aChidley, Hemangi, G.1 aKulkarni, Ram, S.1 aPujari, Keshav, H.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/spatial-and-temporal-changes-volatile-profile-alphonso-mango-upon-exogenous-ethylene-002054nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260009500222300001400317490000800331520110600339653001001445653002301455653002201478653003901500653002201539100001901561700002201580700002501602700002101627700002001648856013201668       2013                        eng d  a0006-291X00aStructural-functional insights of single and multi-domain capsicum annuum protease inhibitors0 aStructuralfunctional insights of single and multidomain capsicum  a525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USAbACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCEcJAN  a1060-10650 v4303 a<p>Pin-II protease inhibitors (PIs) are the focus of research interest because of their large structural-functional diversity and relevance in plant defense. Two representative Capsicum annuum PI genes (CanPI-15 and -7) comprising one and four inhibitory repeat domains, respectively, were expressed and recombinant proteins were characterized. beta-Sheet and unordered structure was found predominant in CanPI-15 while -7 also displayed the signatures of polyproline fold, as revealed by circular dichroism studies. Inhibition kinetics against bovine typsin indicated three times higher potency of CanPI-7 (K-i similar to 57 mu M) than -15 (similar to 184 mu M). Activity and structural stability of these CanPIs were revealed under various conditions of pH, temperature and denaturing agent. Structure prediction, docking studies with proteases and mass spectroscopy revealed the organization of multiple reactive site loops of multi domain PIs in space as well as the steric hindrances imposed while binding to proteases due to their close proximity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>10aCanPI10aCircular dichroism10aDisulfide bonding10aPotato type-II protease inhibitors10aProtein stability1 aMishra, Manasi1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aGaikwad, Sushama, M.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/structural-functional-insights-single-and-multi-domain-capsicum-annuum-protease-inhibitors-002205nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245014400055210006900199260010600268300001000374490000800384520127700392653002001669653002501689653002901714653001401743653002601757100002201783700002101805700002001826856012901846       2014                        eng d  a0031-942200aDifferential antibiosis against helicoverpa armigera exerted by distinct inhibitory repeat domains of capsicum annuum proteinase inhibitors0 aDifferential antibiosis against helicoverpa armigera exerted by   aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcMAY  a16-220 v1013 a<p>Plant defensive serine proteinase inhibitors (Pis) are known to have negative impact on digestive physiology of herbivore insects and thus have a crucial role in plant protection. Here, we have assessed the efficacy and specificity of three previously characterized inhibitory repeat domain (IRD) variants from Capsicum annuum PIs viz., IRD-7, -9 and -12 against gut proteinases from Helicoverpa armigera. Comparative study of in silico binding energy revealed that IRD-9 possesses higher affinity towards H. armigera serine proteinases as compared to IRD-7 and -12. H. armigera fed on artificial diet containing 5 TIU/g of recombinant IRD proteins exhibited differential effects on larval growth, survival rate and other nutritional parameters. Major digestive gut trypsin and chymotrypsin genes were down regulated in the IRD fed larvae, while few of them were up-regulated, this indicate alterations in insect digestive physiology. The results corroborated with proteinase activity assays and zymography. These findings suggest that the sequence variations among Pis reflect in their efficacy against proteinases in vitro and in vivo, which also could be used for developing tailor-made multi-domain inhibitor gene(s). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aCapsicum annuum10aHelicoverpa armigera10aInhibitory repeat domain10aProteases10aProteinase inhibitors1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/differential-antibiosis-against-helicoverpa-armigera-exerted-distinct-inhibitory-repeat-002740nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245017800055210006900233260010600302300001000408490000700418520166900425653000802094653002702102653001602129653000902145653002002154653001202174100002502186700002402211700002402235700002502259700002602284700002102310856013102331       2014                        eng d  a0031-942200aDifferential transcriptional activity of SAD, FAD2 and FAD3 desaturase genes in developing seeds of linseed contributes to varietal variation in alpha-linolenic acid content0 aDifferential transcriptional activity of SAD FAD2 and FAD3 desat  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcFEB  a41-530 v983 a<p>Linseed or flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties differ markedly in their seed a-linolenic acid (ALA) levels. Fatty acid desaturases play a key role in accumulating ALA in seed. We performed fatty acid (FA) profiling of various seed developmental stages of ten Indian linseed varieties including one mutant variety. Depending on their ALA contents, these varieties were grouped under high ALA and low ALA groups. Transcript profiling of six microsomal desaturase genes (SAD1, SAD2, FAD2, FAD2-2, FAD3A and FAD3B), which act sequentially in the fatty acid desaturation pathway, was performed using real-time PCR. We observed gene specific as well as temporal expression pattern for all the desaturases and their differential expression profiles corresponded well with the variation in FA accumulation in the two groups. Our study points to efficient conversion of intermediate FAs [stearic (SA), oleic (OA) and linoleic acids (LA)] to the final product, ALA, due to efficient action of all the desaturases in high ALA group. While in the low ALA group, even though the initial conversion up to OA was efficient, later conversions up to ALA seemed to be inefficient, leading to higher accumulation of OA and LA instead of ALA. We sequenced the six desaturase genes from the ten varieties and observed that variation in the amino acid (AA) sequences of desaturases was not responsible for differential ALA accumulation, except in the mutant variety TL23 with very low (&lt;2%) ALA content. In TL23, a point mutation in the FAD3A gene resulted into a premature stop codon generating a truncated protein with 291 AA. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aALA10aFatty acid desaturases10aFatty acids10aFlax10aGene expression10aLinseed1 aRajwade, Ashwini, V.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aBorikar, Sanjay, P.1 aHarsulkar, Abhay, M.1 aGhorpade, Prakash, B.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/differential-transcriptional-activity-sad-fad2-and-fad3-desaturase-genes-developing-seeds-002454nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160260007400229300001400303490000800317520151000325653002601835653002201861653000901883653001601892653002201908100002401930700001601954700002601970700002401996700002002020700002102040856012702061       2014                        eng d  a0378-269700aEvaluation of genetic variability in Symplocos laurina Wall. from two biodiversity hotspots of India0 aEvaluation of genetic variability in Symplocos laurina Wall from  aSACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIAbSPRINGER WIENcDEC  a2239-22470 v3003 a<p>Symplocos laurina Wall., an important medicinal tree species, is one of the pioneering plants for establishment of shola forest ecosystem. We analyzed 208 accessions of S. laurina from 13 populations belonging to three ecoregions in India namely, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and Northeast India, to comment on the genetic diversity and population structure of the species. Of the 100 inter simple sequence repeat primers screened, eight were selected based on their clear and reproducible polymorphic patterns. These eight ISSR primers produced on an average 1,014 bands from 208 accessions, of which 6.58 % were rare bands, 55.96 % were shared bands and 37.46 % were similar bands. The primers, UBC835 and UBC880, amplified the highest number of polymorphic loci (16), while the primer UBC852 amplified the least number of amplicons (9). The values for total genetic diversity (H-T) and the average heterozygosity (H-S) were 0.3407 and 0.2263, respectively; while the coefficient of genetic differentiation (G(ST)) was 0.3358. Within-population variance was higher (68 %) than among-population variance (17 %), indicating high intra-population genetic diversity. These populations were grouped according to their geographical location in cluster analysis. Mantel test also showed significant positive correlation between genetic and geographical distances. The present study revealed the importance of the Palghat gap in South India in shaping the distribution of genetic diversity in S. laurina.</p>10aBiodiversity hotspots10aGenetic diversity10aISSR10aPalghat gap10aSymplocos laurina1 aBhagwat, Rasika, M.1 aBanu, Sofia1 aDholakia, Bhushan, B.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aLagu, Meena, D.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/evaluation-genetic-variability-symplocos-laurina-wall-two-biodiversity-hotspots-india-002475nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245014800055210006900203260010600272300001200378490000700390520147200397653002001869653002501889653001101914653002901925653002401954100002801978700002202006700002102028700002102049700002002070856013102090       2014                        eng d  a0965-174800aIdentification and expression profiling of helicoverpa armigera microRNAs and their possible role in the regulation of digestive protease genes0 aIdentification and expression profiling of helicoverpa armigera   aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcNOV  a129-1370 v543 a<p>The present investigation is an effort to determine the possible roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of protease gene expression in Helicoverpa armigera upon exposure to plant protease inhibitors (PIs). Using Illumina platform, deep sequencing of 12 small RNA libraries was performed from H. armigera larvae fed on artificial diet (AD) or recombinant Capsicum annuum PI-7 (rCanPI-7) incorporated diet, at various time intervals (0.5, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h). Sequencing data were analyzed with miRDeep2 software; a total of 186 unique miRNAs were identified from all the 12 libraries, out of which 96 were conserved while 90 were novel. These miRNAs showed all the conserved characteristics of insect miRNAs. Homology analysis revealed that most of the identified miRNAs were insect-specific, and more than 50 miRNAs were Lepidoptera-specific. Several candidate miRNAs (conserved and novel) were differentially expressed in rCanPI-7 fed larvae as compared to the larvae fed on AD. H. armigera miRNAs were found to have target sites in several protease genes as well as in protease regulation related genes such as serine PI and immune reactive PI. As expected, negative correlation in the relative abundance miRNAs and their target mRNAs was evident from qualitative real time polymerase chain reaction analysis. The investigation revealed potential roles of miRNAs in H. armigera protease gene regulation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aDeep sequencing10aHelicoverpa armigera10amiRNAs10aProtease gene regulation10aProtease inhibitors1 aLomate, Purushottam, R.1 aMahajan, Neha, S.1 aKale, Sandip, M.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/identification-and-expression-profiling-helicoverpa-armigera-micrornas-and-their-possible-002993nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245017700055210006900232260008600301300001000387490000700397520189300404653002002297653002502317653001402342653002502356100002202381700001902403700002802422700001902450700002402469700001902493700002002512700002102532700002002553856013002573       2014                        eng d  a0739-110200aRemarkable efficiency of a pin-II proteinase inhibitor sans two conserved disulfide bonds is due to enhanced flexibility and hydrogen bond density in the reactive site loop0 aRemarkable efficiency of a pinII proteinase inhibitor sans two c  a325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USAbTAYLOR & FRANCIS INCcJAN  a13-260 v323 a<p>Capsicum annuum (L.) expresses diverse potato type II family proteinase inhibitors comprising of inhibitory repeat domain (IRD) as basic functional unit. Most IRDs contain eight conserved cysteines forming four disulfide bonds, which are indispensible for their stability and activity. We investigated the functional significance of evolutionary variations in IRDs and their role in mediating interaction between the inhibitor and cognate proteinase. Among the 18 IRDs encoded by C. annuum, IRD-7, -9, and -12 were selected for further characterization on the basis of variation in their reactive site loop, number of conserved cysteine residues, and higher theoretical G(bind) for interaction with Helicoverpa armigera trypsin. Moreover, inhibition kinetics showed that IRD-9, despite loss of some of the disulfide bonds, was a more potent proteinase inhibitor among the three selected IRDs. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that serine residues in the place of cysteines at seventh and eighth positions of IRD-9 resulted in an increase in the density of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and reactive site loop flexibility. Results of the serine residues chemical modification also supported this observation and provided a possible explanation for the remarkable inhibitory potential of IRD-9. Furthermore, this natural variant among IRDs showed special attributes like stability to proteolysis and synergistic inhibitory effect on other IRDs. It is likely that IRDs have coevolved selective specialization of their structure and function as a response towards specific insect proteases they encountered. Understanding the molecular mechanism of pest protease-plant proteinaceous inhibitor interaction will help in developing effective pest control strategies.An animated interactive 3D complement (I3DC) is available in Proteopedia at http://proteopedia.org/w/Journal:JBSD:39</p>10aCapsicum annuum10aHelicoverpa armigera10aProteases10aProteinase inhibitor1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aMishra, Manasi1 aTamhane, Vaijayanti, A.1 aGhosh, Anirban1 aSonavane, Uddhavesh1 aSuresh, C., G.1 aJoshi, Rajendra1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/remarkable-efficiency-pin-ii-proteinase-inhibitor-sans-two-conserved-disulfide-bonds-due-002424nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245014400055210006900199260009500268300001200363490000800375520148000383653001601863653003001879653002301909653001001932100002201942700002301964700002401987700002102011700002002032856013002052       2014                        eng d  a0006-291X00aResistance through inhibition: ectopic expression of serine protease inhibitor offers stress tolerance via delayed senescence in yeast cell0 aResistance through inhibition ectopic expression of serine prote  a525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USAbACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCEcSEP  a361-3680 v4523 a<p>Protease inhibitors have been known to confer multiple stress tolerance in transgenic plants. We have assessed growth of yeast (Pichia pastoris GS115) strains expressing inhibitory repeat domains (PpIRD(+)) of previously characterized Capsicum annuum protease inhibitors under high salt, heavy metal and oxidative stress. PpIRD(+) strains exhibited multiple stress tolerance and showed differential molecular responses at transcriptional and translational level on exposure to stress inducing agents like heavy metal, high salt and H2O2. PpIRD(+) strains display significant reduction in metacaspase (Yca1) activity, the key enzyme in apoptosis, indicates the possibility of cross reactivity of IRDs (serine protease inhibitor) with cysteine proteases. PpIRD(+) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae knockout with Yca1 (Delta Yca1) strain showed similar growth characteristics under stress, which indicated the delayed senescence due to cellular metacaspase inhibition. Molecular docking study showed a close proximity of IRDs reactive site and the active site of metacaspase in the complex that signified their strong interactions. Maintenance of GAPDH activity, primary target of metacaspase, in PpIRD(+) strain evidenced the inhibition of metacaspase activity and survival of these cells under stress. This report demonstrates a potential molecular mechanism of protease inhibitor-based multiple stress tolerance in yeast strains. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>10aMetacaspase10aMultiple stress tolerance10aprotease inhibitor10aYeast1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aTanpure, Rahul, S.1 aSingh, Rajan, Kumar1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/resistance-through-inhibition-ectopic-expression-serine-protease-inhibitor-offers-stress-002056nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245006500055210006500120260010300185300001200288490000700300520125600307653002001563653002101583653001301604100002201617700001901639700002801658700002101686700002001707856009901727       2014                        eng d  a0981-942800aStress inducible proteomic changes in capsicum annuum leaves0 aStress inducible proteomic changes in capsicum annuum leaves  a23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCEbELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIERcJAN  a212-2170 v743 a<p>Herbivore attack induces defense responses in plants, activating several signaling cascades. As a result, molecules deterrent to the herbivores are produced and accumulated in plants. Expression of defense mechanism/traits requires reorganization of the plant metabolism, redirecting the resources otherwise meant for growth. In the present work, protein profile of Capsicum annuum leaves was examined after herbivore attack/induction. Majority of proteins identified as differentially accumulated, were having roles in redox metabolism and photosynthesis. For example, superoxide dismutase and NADP oxidoreductase were upregulated by 10- and 6-fold while carbonic anhydrase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were downregulated by 9- and 4-fold, respectively. Also, superoxide dismutase, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase and NADP dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase transcripts showed a higher accumulation in induced leaf tissues at early time points. In general, proteins having role in defense and damage repair were upregulated while those involved in photosynthesis appeared downregulated. Thus metabolic reconfiguration to balance defense and tolerance was evident in the stress-induced leaves. (C) 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.</p>10aCapsicum annuum10aOxidative stress10aWounding1 aMahajan, Neha, S.1 aMishra, Manasi1 aTamhane, Vaijayanti, A.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/stress-inducible-proteomic-changes-capsicum-annuum-leaves-002128nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245013100055210006900186260007100255300001600326490000700342520109100349653001701440653002501457653002601482653002301508100002201531700001701553700001501570700002201585700001701607700002301624700002201647700002101669700002001690856012801710       2014                        eng d  a0021-856100aWay toward ``dietary pesticides'': molecular investigation of insecticidal action of caffeic acid against helicoverpa armigera0 aWay toward dietary pesticides molecular investigation of insecti  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcNOV  a10847-108540 v623 a<p>Bioprospecting of natural molecules is essential to overcome serious environmental issues and pesticide resistance in insects. Here we are reporting insights into insecticidal activity of a plant natural phenol. In silico and in vitro screening of multiple molecules supported by in vivo validations suggested that caffeic acid (CA) is a potent inhibitor of Helicoverpa armigera gut proteases. Protease activity and gene expression were altered in CA-fed larvae. The structure-activity relationship of CA highlighted that all the functional groups are crucial for inhibition of protease activity. Biophysical studies and molecular dynamic simulations revealed that sequential binding of multiple CA molecules induces conformational changes in the protease(s) and thus lead to a significant decline in their activity. CA treatment significantly inhibits the insect's detoxification enzymes, thus intensifying the insecticidal effect. Our findings suggest that CA can be implicated as a potent insecticidal molecule and explored for the development of effective dietary pesticides.</p>10aCaffeic acid10aHelicoverpa armigera10ainsecticidal activity10aprotease inhibitor1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aWagh, T., P.1 aSharma, N.1 aMulani, Fayaj, A.1 aSonavane, U.1 aThulasiram, H., V.1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/way-toward-dietary-pesticides-molecular-investigation-insecticidal-action-caffeic-acid-002162nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260008800227300001200315490000700327520146500334100002301799700002601822700002101848856012301869       2015                        eng d  a1536-231000aAgriproteomics of bread wheat: comparative proteomics and network analyses of grain size variation0 aAgriproteomics of bread wheat comparative proteomics and network  a140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USAbMARY ANN LIEBERT, INCcJUL  a372-3820 v193 a<p>Agriproteomics signifies the merging of agriculture research and proteomics systems science and is impacting plant research and societal development. Wheat is a frequently consumed foodstuff, has highly variable grain size that in effect contributes to wheat grain yield and the end-product quality. Very limited information is available on molecular basis of grain size due to complex multifactorial nature of this trait. Here, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we investigated the proteomics profiles from grains of wheat genotypes, Rye selection 111 (RS111) and Chinese spring (CS), which differ in their size. Significant differences in protein expression were found, including 33 proteins uniquely present in RS111 and 32 only in CS, while 54 proteins were expressed from both genotypes. Among differentially expressed proteins, 22 were upregulated, while 21 proteins were downregulated in RS111 compared to CS. Functional classification revealed their role in energy metabolism, seed storage, stress tolerance and transcription. Further, protein interactive network analysis was performed to predict the targets of identified proteins. Significantly different interactions patterns were observed between these genotypes with detection of proteins such as Cyp450, Sus2, and WRKY that could potentially affect seed size. The present study illustrates the potentials of agriproteomics as a veritable new frontier of plant omics research.</p>1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aDholakia, Bhushan, B.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/agriproteomics-bread-wheat-comparative-proteomics-and-network-analyses-grain-size-002746nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260007300240300001400313490000900327520177500336653001902111653002302130653002202153653002002175653002502195100002002220700002402240700002302264700002102287700002602308700002002334856012602354       2015                        eng d  a0304-416500aBiochemical, structural and functional diversity between two digestive alpha-amylases from helicoverpa armigera0 aBiochemical structural and functional diversity between two dige  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcSEP  a1719-17280 v18503 a<p>Background: Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera) feeds on various plants using diverse digestive enzymes as one of the survival tool-kit. The aim of the present study was to understand biochemical properties of recombinant alpha-amylases of H. armigera viz., HaAmy1 and HaAmy2. Methods: The open reading frames of HaAmy1 and HaAmy2 were cloned in Pichia pastoris and expressed heterologously. Purified recombinant enzymes were characterized for their biochemical and biophysical attributes using established methods. Results: Sequence alignment and homology modeling showed that HaAmy1 and HaAmy2 were conserved in their amino acid sequences and structures. HaAmy1 and HaAmy2 showed optimum activity at 60 degrees C; however, they differed in their optimum pH. Furthermore, HaAmy2 showed higher affinity for starch and amylopectin whereas HaAmy1 had higher catalytic efficiency. HaAmy1 and HaAmy2 were inhibited to the same magnitude by a synthetic amylase inhibitor (acarbose) while wheat amylase inhibitor showed about 2-fold higher inhibition of HaAmy1 than HaAmy2 at pH 7 while 6-fold difference at pH 11. Interactions of HaAmy1 and HaAmy2 with wheat amylase inhibitor revealed 2:1 stoichiometric ratio and much more complex interaction with HaAmy1. Conclusions: The diversity of amylases in perspective of their biochemical and biophysical properties, and their differential interactions with amylase inhibitors signify the potential role of these enzymes in adaptation of H. armigera on diverse plant diets. General significance: Characterization of digestive enzymes of H. armigera provides the molecular basis for the polyphagous nature and thus could assist in designing future strategies for the insect control. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aalpha-amylases10aAmylase inhibitors10aDigestive enzymes10aEnzyme activity10aHelicoverpa armigera1 aBhide, Amey, J.1 aChannale, Sonal, M.1 aPatil, Sucheta, S.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aRamasamy, Sureshkumar1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biochemical-structural-and-functional-diversity-between-two-digestive-alpha-amylases-003064nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260005700221300001200278490000800290520213900298653002002437653001702457653001402474653002302488653002902511100001902540700002802559700002202587700002402609700002102633700002002654856012402674       2015                        eng d  a0032-093500aEcological turmoil in evolutionary dynamics of plant-insect interactions: defense to offence0 aEcological turmoil in evolutionary dynamics of plantinsect inter  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcOCT  a761-7710 v2423 a<p>Available history manifests contemporary diversity that exists in plant-insect interactions. A radical thinking is necessary for developing strategies that can co-opt natural insect-plant mutualism, ecology and environmental safety for crop protection since current agricultural practices can reduce species richness and evenness. The global environmental changes, such as increased temperature, CO (2) and ozone levels, biological invasions, land-use change and habitat fragmentation together play a significant role in re-shaping the plant-insect multi-trophic interactions. Diverse natural products need to be studied and explored for their biological functions as insect pest control agents. In order to assure the success of an integrated pest management strategy, human activities need to be harmonized to minimize the global climate changes. Plant-insect interaction is one of the most primitive and co-evolved associations, often influenced by surrounding changes. In this review, we account the persistence and evolution of plant-insect interactions, with particular focus on the effect of climate change and human interference on these interactions. Plants and insects have been maintaining their existence through a mutual service-resource relationship while defending themselves. We provide a comprehensive catalog of various defense strategies employed by the plants and/or insects. Furthermore, several important factors such as accelerated diversification, imbalance in the mutualism, and chemical arms race between plants and insects as indirect consequences of human practices are highlighted. Inappropriate implementation of several modern agricultural practices has resulted in (i) endangered mutualisms, (ii) pest status and resistance in insects and (iii) ecological instability. Moreover, altered environmental conditions eventually triggered the resetting of plant-insect interactions. Hence, multitrophic approaches that can harmonize human activities and minimize their interference in native plant-insect interactions are needed to maintain natural balance between the existence of plants and insects.</p>10aClimatic change10aCo-evolution10aEcosystem10aHuman interference10aPlant-insect interaction1 aMishra, Manasi1 aLomate, Purushottam, R.1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aPunekar, Sachin, A.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ecological-turmoil-evolutionary-dynamics-plant-insect-interactions-defense-offence-002495nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260010600247300001200353490000800365520149500373653001301868653001801881653001001899653001701909653001201926653001601938100002001954700002601974700002602000700002402026700002002050700002102070856012602091       2015                        eng d  a0031-942200aMetabolic profiling of chickpea-Fusarium interaction identifies differential modulation of disease resistance pathways0 aMetabolic profiling of chickpeaFusarium interaction identifies d  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcAUG  a120-1290 v1163 a<p>Chickpea is the third most widely grown legume in the world and mainly used as a vegetarian source of human dietary protein. Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Foc), is one of the major threats to global chickpea production. Host resistance is the best way to protect crops from diseases; however, in spite of using various approaches, the mechanism of Foc resistance in chickpea remains largely obscure. In the present study, non-targeted metabolic profiling at several time points of resistant and susceptible chickpea cultivars using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to better understand the mechanistic basis of wilt resistance or susceptibility. Multivariate analysis of the data (OPLS-DA) revealed discriminating metabolites in chickpea root tissue after Foc inoculation such as flavonoids, isoflavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids and sugars. Foc inoculated resistant plants had more flavonoids and isoflavonoids along with their malonyl conjugates. Many antifungal metabolites that were induced after Foc infection viz, aurantion-obstine beta-glucosides and querecitin were elevated in resistant cultivar. Overall, diverse genetic and biochemical mechanisms were operational in the resistant cultivar for Foc defense as compared to the susceptible plant. The resistant chickpea plants employed the above-mentioned metabolic pathways as potential defense strategy against Foc. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aChickpea10aFusarium wilt10aLC-MS10aMetabolomics10aOPLS-DA10aPhytoalexin1 aKumar, Yashwant1 aDholakia, Bhushan, B.1 aPanigrahi, Priyabrata1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/metabolic-profiling-chickpea-fusarium-interaction-identifies-differential-modulation-002856nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260005700214300001200271490000800283520193300291653001002224653001302234653002202247653001302269653002502282100002202307700002002329700002802349700002202377700001902399700002102418700002002439856011902459       2015                        eng d  a0032-093500aStructural features of diverse Pin-II proteinase inhibitor genes from capsicum annuum0 aStructural features of diverse PinII proteinase inhibitor genes   a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcFEB  a319-3310 v2413 a<p>The proteinase inhibitor (PI) genes from Capsicum annuum were characterized with respect to their UTR, introns and promoter elements. The occurrence of PIs with circularly permuted domain organization was evident. Several potato inhibitor II (Pin-II) type proteinase inhibitor (PI) genes have been analyzed from Capsicum annuum (L.) with respect to their differential expression during plant defense response. However, complete gene characterization of any of these C. annuum PIs (CanPIs) has not been carried out so far. Complete gene architectures of a previously identified CanPI-7 (Beads-on-string, Type A) and a member of newly isolated Bracelet type B, CanPI-69 are reported in this study. The 5' UTR (untranslated region), 3'UTR, and intronic sequences of both the CanPI genes were obtained. The genomic sequence of CanPI-7 exhibited, exon 1 (49 base pair, bp) and exon 2 (740 bp) interrupted by a 294-bp long type I intron. We noted the occurrence of three multi-domain PIs (CanPI-69, 70, 71) with circularly permuted domain organization. CanPI-69 was found to possess exon 1 (49 bp), exon 2 (551 bp) and a 584-bp long type I intron. The upstream sequence analysis of CanPI-7 and CanPI-69 predicted various transcription factor-binding sites including TATA and CAAT boxes, hormone-responsive elements (ABRELATERD1, DOFCOREZM, ERELEE4), and a defense-responsive element (WRKY71OS). Binding of transcription factors such as zinc finger motif MADS-box and MYB to the promoter regions was confirmed using electrophoretic mobility shift assay followed by mass spectrometric identification. The 3' UTR analysis for 25 CanPI genes revealed unique/distinct 3' UTR sequence for each gene. Structures of three domain CanPIs of type A and B were predicted and further analyzed for their attributes. This investigation of CanPI gene architecture will enable the better understanding of the genetic elements present in CanPIs.</p>10aCanPI10aCapsicum10aGene architecture10aPromoter10aProteinase inhibitor1 aMahajan, Neha, S.1 aDewangan, Veena1 aLomate, Purushottam, R.1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aMishra, Manasi1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/structural-features-diverse-pin-ii-proteinase-inhibitor-genes-capsicum-annuum-002376nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245006500055210006500120260009100185300002900276490000700305520165500312100002401967700002601991700002402017700002102041700002102062856009902083       2015                        eng d  a1932-620300aTwo new potential barcodes to discriminate dalbergia species0 aTwo new potential barcodes to discriminate dalbergia species  a1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USAbPUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCEcNOV  aArticle Number: e01429650 v103 a<p>DNA barcoding enables precise identification of species from analysis of unique DNA sequence of a target gene. The present study was undertaken to develop barcodes for different species of the genus Dalbergia, an economically important timber plant and is widely distributed in the tropics. Ten Dalbergia species selected from the Western Ghats of India were evaluated using three regions in the plastid genome (matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA), a nuclear transcribed spacer (nrITS) and their combinations, in order to discriminate them at species level. Five criteria: (i) inter and intraspecific distances, (ii) Neighbor Joining (NJ) trees, (iii) Best Match (BM) and Best Close Match (BCM), (iv) character based rank test and (v) Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for species discrimination. Among the evaluated loci, rbcL had the highest success rate for amplification and sequencing (97.6%), followed by matK (97.0%), trnH-psbA (94.7%) and nrITS (80.5%). The inter and intraspecific distances, along with Wilcoxon signed rank test, indicated a higher divergence for nrITS. The BM and BCM approaches revealed the highest rate of correct species identification (100%) with matK, matK+rbcL and matK+trnH-psb loci. These three loci, along with nrITS, were further supported by character based identification method. Considering the overall performance of these loci and their ranking with different approaches, we suggest matK and matK+rbcL as the most suitable barcodes to unambiguously differentiate Dalbergia species. These findings will potentially be helpful in delineating the various species of Dalbergia genus, as well as other related genera.</p>1 aBhagwat, Rasika, M.1 aDholakia, Bhushan, B.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aBalasundaran, M.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/two-new-potential-barcodes-discriminate-dalbergia-species-102052nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245015900055210006900214260009100283300002900374490000700403520124100410100002301651700002401674700002401698700002101722856012701743       2016                        eng d  a1932-620300aDynamics of colonization and expression of pathogenicity related genes in fusarium oxysporum f.sp ciceri during chickpea vascular wilt disease progression0 aDynamics of colonization and expression of pathogenicity related  a1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USAbPUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCEcMAY  aArticle Number: e01564900 v113 a<p>Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri (Foc) is a constant threat to chickpea productivity in several parts of the world. Understanding the molecular basis of chickpea-Foc interaction is necessary to improve chickpea resistance to Foc and thereby the productivity of chickpea. We transformed Foc race 2 using green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and used it to characterize pathogen progression and colonization in wilt-susceptible (JG62) and wilt-resistant (Digvijay) chickpea cultivars using confocal microscopy. We also employed quantitative PCR (qPCR) to estimate the pathogen load and progression across various tissues of both the chickpea cultivars during the course of the disease. Additionally, the expression of several candidate pathogen virulence genes was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR), which showed their characteristic expression in wilt-susceptible and resistant chickpea cultivars. Our results suggest that the pathogen colonizes the susceptible cultivar defeating its defense; however, albeit its entry in the resistant plant, further proliferation is severely restricted providing an evidence of efficient defense mechanism in the resistant chickpea cultivar.</p>1 aUpasani, Medha, L.1 aGurjar, Gayatri, S.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/dynamics-colonization-and-expression-pathogenicity-related-genes-fusarium-oxysporum-fsp02747nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245014700055210006900202260006700271300001000338490000700348520180200355653001702157653002502174653002702199653001502226653001802241100002302259700002402282700002102306700002102327700002002348856012502368       2016                        eng d  a1672-960900aExpression of proteins involved in digestion and detoxification are regulated in helicoverpa armigera to cope up with chlorpyrifos insecticide0 aExpression of proteins involved in digestion and detoxification   a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcFEB  a68-770 v233 a<p>Helicoverpa armigera is a key pest in many vital crops, which is mainly controlled by chemical strategies. To manage this pest is becoming challenging due to its ability and evolution of resistance against insecticides. Further, its subsequent spread on nonhost plant is remarkable in recent times. Hence, decoding resistance mechanism against phytochemicals and synthetic insecticides is a major challenge. The present work describes that the digestion, defense and immunity related enzymes are associated with chlorpyrifos resistance in H. armigera. Proteomic analysis of H. armigera gut tissue upon feeding on chlorpyrifos containing diet (CH) and artificial diet (AD) using nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified upregulated 23-proteins in CH fed larvae. Database searches combined with gene ontology analysis revealed that the identified gut proteins engrossed in digestion, proteins crucial for immunity, adaptive responses to stress, and detoxification. Biochemical and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of candidate proteins indicated that insects were struggling to get nutrients and energy in presence of CH, while at the same time endeavoring to metabolize chlorpyrifos. Moreover, we proposed a potential processing pathway of chlorpyrifos in H. armigera gut by examining the metabolites using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. H. armigera exhibit a range of intriguing behavioral, morphological adaptations and resistance to insecticides by regulating expression of proteins involved in digestion and detoxification mechanisms to cope up with chlorpyrifos. In these contexts, as gut is a rich repository of biological information; profound analysis of gut tissues can give clues of detoxification and resistance mechanism in insects.</p>10achlorpyrifos10aHelicoverpa armigera10ainsecticide resistance10aproteomics10areal-time PCR1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aChikate, Yojana, R.1 aMore, Tushar, H.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/expression-proteins-involved-digestion-and-detoxification-are-regulated-helicoverpa-002652nas a2200373   4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260006700266300001400333490000700347520139300354653001301747653002301760653001701783653000801800653003101808653001501839100002001854700001701874700002601891700002601917700002001943700002301963700002501986700001602011700001302027700003402040700002402074700002002098700001602118700002102134856012302155       2016                        eng d  a1467-764400aFusarium oxysporum mediates systems metabolic reprogramming of chickpea roots as revealed by a combination of proteomics and metabolomics0 aFusarium oxysporum mediates systems metabolic reprogramming of c  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcJUL  a1589-16030 v143 a<p>Molecular changes elicited by plants in response to fungal attack and how this affects plant-pathogen interaction, including susceptibility or resistance, remain elusive. We studied the dynamics in root metabolism during compatible and incompatible interactions between chickpea and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Foc), using quantitative label-free proteomics and NMR-based metabolomics. Results demonstrated differential expression of proteins and metabolites upon Foc inoculations in the resistant plants compared with the susceptible ones. Additionally, expression analysis of candidate genes supported the proteomic and metabolic variations in the chickpea roots upon Foc inoculation. In particular, we found that the resistant plants revealed significant increase in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism; generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lignification and phytoalexins. The levels of some of the pathogenesis-related proteins were significantly higher upon Foc inoculation in the resistant plant. Interestingly, results also exhibited the crucial role of altered Yang cycle, which contributed in different methylation reactions and unfolded protein response in the chickpea roots against Foc. Overall, the observed modulations in the metabolic flux as outcome of several orchestrated molecular events are determinant of plant's role in chickpea-Foc interactions.</p>10aChickpea10afusarium oxysporum10aMetabolomics10aNMR10aplant-pathogen interaction10aproteomics1 aKumar, Yashwant1 aZhang, Limin1 aPanigrahi, Priyabrata1 aDholakia, Bhushan, B.1 aDewangan, Veena1 aChavan, Sachin, G.1 aKunjir, Shrikant, M.1 aWu, Xiangyu1 aLi, Ning1 aRajmohanan, Pattuparambil, R.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aTang, Huiru1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/fusarium-oxysporum-mediates-systems-metabolic-reprogramming-chickpea-roots-revealed02412nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260007900239300001200318490000700330520145300337653001301790653001501803653001201818653001001830653001401840653001301854100002501867700002201892700002601914700002301940700002001963700002101983856013002004       2016                        eng d  a1073-608500aMolecular cloning and characterization of O-methyltransferase from mango fruit (mangifera indica cv. alphonso)0 aMolecular cloning and characterization of Omethyltransferase fro  a999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USAbHUMANA PRESS INCcMAY  a340-3500 v583 a<p>Flavour of ripe Alphonso mango is invariably dominated by the de novo appearance of lactones and furanones during ripening. Of these, furanones comprising furaneol (4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone) and mesifuran (2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy-3(2H)-furanone) are of particular importance due to their sweet, fruity caramel-like flavour characters and low odour detection thresholds. We isolated a 1056 bp complete open reading frame of a cDNA encoding S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent O-methyltransferase from Alphonso mango. The recombinantly expressed enzyme, MiOMTS showed substrate specificity towards furaneol and protocatechuic aldehyde synthesizing mesifuran and vanillin, respectively, in an in vitro assay reaction. A semi-quantitative PCR analysis showed fruit-specific expression of MiOMTS transcripts. Quantitative real-time PCR displayed ripening-related expression pattern of MiOMTS in both pulp and skin of Alphonso mango. Also, early and significantly enhanced accumulation of its transcripts was detected in pulp and skin of ethylene-treated fruits. Ripening-related and fruit-specific expression profile of MiOMTS and substrate specificity towards furaneol is a suggestive of its involvement in the synthesis of mesifuran in Alphonso mango. Moreover, a significant trigger in the expression of MiOMTS transcripts in ethylene-treated fruits point towards the transcriptional regulation of mesifuran biosynthesis by ethylene.</p>10aEthylene10aexpression10aFlavour10aMango10aMesifuran10aRipening1 aChidley, Hemangi, G.1 aOak, Pranjali, S.1 aDeshpande, Ashish, B.1 aPujari, Keshav, H.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/molecular-cloning-and-characterization-o-methyltransferase-mango-fruit-mangifera-indica-cv02304nas a2200193   4500008004100000245009500041210006900136260000800205300001000213490000800223520161200231100002401843700002301867700002401890700002901914700002101943700002001964856012601984       2016                        eng d00aRNAi of selected candidate genes interrupts growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera0 aRNAi of selected candidate genes interrupts growth and developme  cOCT  a44-510 v1333 aHelicoverpa armigera is one of the major crop pests and is less amenable to current pest control approaches. RNA interference (RNAi) is emerging as a potent arsenal for the insect pest control over current methods. Here, we examined the effect on growth and development in H. armigera by targeting various enzymes/proteins such as proteases like trypsins (HaTry2, 3, 4 and 6), chymotrypsin (HaChy4) and cysteine protease like cathepsin (HaCATHL); glutathione S-transferases (HaGST1a, 6 and 8); esterases (HaAce4, HaJHE); catalase (HaCAT); super-oxide-dismutase (HaCu/ZnSOD); fatty acid binding protein (HaFabp) and chitin deacetylase (HaCda5b) through dsRNA approach. Significant downregulation of cognate mRNA expression and reduced activity of trypsin and GST-like enzyme were evident upon feeding candidate dsRNAs to the larvae. Among these, the highest mortality was observed in HaAce4 dsRNA fed larvae followed by HaJHE; HaCAT; HaCuZnSOD; HaFabp and HaTry3 whereas remaining ones showed relatively lower mortality. Furthermore, the dsRNA fed larvae showed significant reduction in the larval mass and abnormalities at the different stages of H. armigera development compared to their control diets. For example, malformed larvae, pupae and moth at a dose of 60 pg/day were evident in high number of individual insects fed on dsRNA containing diets. Moreover, the growth and development of insects and moths were retarded in dsRNA fed larvae. These findings might provide potential new candidates for designing effective dsRNA as pesticide in crop protection. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1 aChikate, Yojana, R.1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aBarbole, Ranjit, S.1 aTilak, Priyadarshini, V.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/rnai-selected-candidate-genes-interrupts-growth-and-development-helicoverpa-armigera-002113nas a2200169   4500008004100000245015300041210006900194260000800263300001400271490000700285520143100292100002501723700002201748700002401770700002101794856012801815       2016                        eng d00aSequence characterization and in silico structure prediction of fatty acid desaturases in linseed varieties with differential fatty acid composition0 aSequence characterization and in silico structure prediction of   cDEC  a4896-49060 v963 a<p>BACKGROUND: Linseed is the richest agricultural source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid (FA) that offers several nutritional benefits. In the present study, sequence characterization of six desaturase genes (SAD1, SAD2, FAD2, FAD2-2, FAD3A and FAD3B) and 3D structure prediction of their proteins from ten Indian linseed varieties differing in ALA content were performed to determine whether the nucleotide and amino acid (AA) sequence variants have any functional implications in differential accumulation of ALA or other FAs in linseed. RESULTS: The SAD and FAD2 genes exhibited few sequence variations among the ten varieties, forming only one or two protein isoforms. In contrast, the FAD3A and FAD3B genes showed more sequence variations and three or four protein isoforms. Interestingly, the two high-ALA varieties NL260 and Padmini had the same FAD3B nucleotide and protein isoforms, which differed from all other varieties. Surprisingly, no AA changes altered the 3D structures of the desaturase proteins. CONCLUSION: Several nucleotide and AA sequence variations in desaturase genes were observed; however, they did not alter the 3D structure of any desaturase protein and were not correlated with FA levels among the ten linseed varieties, which had different ALA contents. This suggests a complex regulatory process of biosynthesis of FAs in linseed. (C) 2016 Society of Chemical Industry</p>1 aRajwade, Ashwini, V.1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/sequence-characterization-and-silico-structure-prediction-fatty-acid-desaturases-linseed02042nas a2200193   4500008004100000245011800041210006900159260000800228490000600236520130800242100002301550700002301573700002401596700002801620700002401648700002401672700002101696856013101717       2017                        eng d00aChickpea-fusarium oxysporum interaction transcriptome reveals differential modulation of plant defense strategies0 aChickpeafusarium oxysporum interaction transcriptome reveals dif  cAUG0 v73 aFusarium wilt is one of the major biotic stresses reducing chickpea productivity. The use of wilt-resistant cultivars is the most appropriate means to combat the disease and secure productivity. As a step towards understanding the molecular basis of wilt resistance in chickpea, we investigated the transcriptomes of wilt-susceptible and wilt-resistant cultivars under both Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri (Foc) challenged and unchallenged conditions. Transcriptome profiling using LongSAGE provided a valuable insight into the molecular interactions between chickpea and Foc, which revealed several known as well as novel genes with differential or unique expression patterns in chickpea contributing to lignification, hormonal homeostasis, plant defense signaling, ROS homeostasis, R-gene mediated defense, etc. Similarly, several Foc genes characteristically required for survival and growth of the pathogen were expressed only in the susceptible cultivar with null expression of most of these genes in the resistant cultivar. This study provides a rich resource for functional characterization of the genes involved in resistance mechanism and their use in breeding for sustainable wilt-resistance. Additionally, it provides pathogen targets facilitating the development of novel control strategies.1 aUpasani, Medha, L.1 aLimaye, Bhakti, M.1 aGurjar, Gayatri, S.1 aKasibhatla, Sunitha, M.1 aJoshi, Rajendra, R.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/chickpea-fusarium-oxysporum-interaction-transcriptome-reveals-differential-modulation-plant02353nas a2200193   4500008004100000245012300041210006900164260000800233300001400241490000900255520163300264100002501897700002601922700002201948700002301970700002001993700002102013856012502034       2017                        eng d00aEffect of postharvest ethylene treatment on sugar content, glycosidase activity and its gene expression in mango fruit0 aEffect of postharvest ethylene treatment on sugar content glycos  cMAR  a1630-16390 v97  3 a<p>BACKGROUND: Ripening-associated softening is one of the important attributes that largely determines the shelf-life of mango (Mangifera indica Linn.) fruits. To reveal the effect of pre-climacteric ethylene treatment on ripening-related softening of Alphonso mango, ethylene treatment was given to mature, raw Alphonso fruits. Changes in the pool of reducing and non-reducing sugars, enzymatic activity of three glycosidases: ss-D-galactosidase, alpha-D-mannosidase and ss-D-glucosidase and their relative transcript abundance were analysed for control and ethylene treated fruits during ripening. RESULTS: Early activity of all the three glycosidases and accelerated accumulation of reducing and non-reducing sugars on ethylene treatment was evident. ss-D-Galactosidase showed the highest activity among three glycosidases in control fruits and marked increase in activity upon ethylene treatment. This was confirmed by the histochemical assay of its activity in control and ethylene treated ripe fruits. Relative transcript abundance revealed high transcript levels of ss-D-galactosidase in control fruits. Ethylene-treated fruits showed early and remarkable increase in the ss-D-galactosidase transcriptswhile alpha-D-mannosidase transcript variants displayed early accumulation. CONCLUSION: Thefindings suggest reduction in the shelf-life of Alphonso mango upon pre-climacteric ethylene treatment, a significant role of ss-D-galactosidase and alpha-D-mannosidase in the ripening related softening of Alphonso fruits and transcriptional regulation of their expression by ethylene. (C) 2016 Society of Chemical Industry</p>1 aChidley, Hemangi, G.1 aDeshpande, Ashish, B.1 aOak, Pranjali, S.1 aPujari, Keshav, H.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-postharvest-ethylene-treatment-sugar-content-glycosidase-activity-and-its-gene02629nas a2200229   4500008004100000245012800041210006900169260000800238300001200246490001000258520179900268100002002067700002402087700001902111700002602130700002202156700002302178700002102201700002602222700002002248856013102268       2017                        eng d00aGenomic and functional characterization of coleopteran insect-specific alpha-amylase inhibitor gene from amaranthus species0 aGenomic and functional characterization of coleopteran insectspe  cJUN  a319-3320 v 94  3 aThe smallest 32 amino acid alpha-amylase inhibitor from Amaranthus hypochondriacus (AAI) is reported. The complete gene of pre-protein (AhAI) encoding a 26 amino acid (aa) signal peptide followed by the 43 aa region and the previously identified 32 aa peptide was cloned successfully. Three cysteine residues and one disulfide bond conserved within known alpha-amylase inhibitors were present in AhAI. Identical genomic and open reading frame was found to be present in close relatives of A. hypochondriacus namely Amaranthus paniculatus, Achyranthes aspera and Celosia argentea. Interestingly, the 3'UTR of AhAI varied in these species. The highest expression of AhAI was observed in A. hypochondriacus inflorescence; however, it was not detected in the seed. We hypothesized that the inhibitor expressed in leaves and inflorescence might be transported to the seeds. Sub-cellular localization studies clearly indicated the involvement of AhAI signal peptide in extracellular secretion. Full length rAhAI showed differential inhibition against alpha-amylases from human, insects, fungi and bacteria. Particularly, alpha-amylases from Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera) were not inhibited by AhAI while Tribolium castaneum and Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera) alpha-amylases were completely inhibited. Molecular docking of AhAI revealed tighter interactions with active site residues of T. castaneum alpha-amylase compared to C. chinensis alpha-amylase, which could be the rationale behind the disparity in their IC50. Normal growth, development and adult emergence of C. chinensis were hampered after feeding on rAhAI. Altogether, the ability of AhAI to affect the growth of C. chinensis demonstrated its potential as an efficient bio-control agent, especially against stored grain pests.1 aBhide, Amey, J.1 aChannale, Sonal, M.1 aYadav, Yashpal1 aBhattacharjee, Kabita1 aPawar, Pankaj, K.1 aMaheshwari, V., L.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aRamasamy, Sureshkumar1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/genomic-and-functional-characterization-coleopteran-insect-specific-alpha-amylase-inhibitor01937nas a2200205   4500008004100000245014900041210006900190260000800259300001200267490000700279520115700286100002301443700002401466700002301490700002801513700002201541700002001563700002101583856012701604       2017                        eng d00aImproved tolerance against helicoverpa armigera in transgenic tomato over-expressing multi-domain proteinase inhibitor gene from capsicum annuum0 aImproved tolerance against helicoverpa armigera in transgenic to  cJUL  a597-6040 v233 aPlant proteinase inhibitors (PIs) are plant defense proteins and considered as potential candidates for engineering plant resistances against herbivores. Capsicum annuum proteinase inhibitor (CanPI7) is a multi-domain potato type II inhibitor (Pin-II) containing four inhibitory repeat domains (IRD), which target major classes of digestive enzymes in the gut of Helicoverpa armigera larvae. Stable integration and expression of the transgene in T1 transgenic generation, were confirmed by established molecular techniques. Protein extract of transgenic tomato lines showed increased inhibitory activity against H. armigera gut proteinases, supporting those domains of CanPI7 protein to be effective and active. When T1 generation plants were analyzed, they exhibited antibiosis effect against first instar larvae of H. armigera. Further, larvae fed on transgenic tomato leaves showed delayed growth relative to larvae fed on control plants, but did not change mortality rates significantly. Thus, better crop protection can be achieved in transgenic tomato by overexpression of multi-domain proteinase inhibitor CanPI7 gene against H. armigera larvae.1 aTanpure, Rahul, S.1 aBarbole, Ranjit, S.1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aWaichal, Yashashree, A.1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/improved-tolerance-against-helicoverpa-armigera-transgenic-tomato-over-expressing-multi02171nas a2200193   4500008004100000245015500041210006900196260000800265300001000273490000800283520141800291100002601709700002501735700002201760700002301782700002001805700002101825856013101846       2017                        eng d00aIsolation and characterization of 9-lipoxygenase and epoxide hydrolase 2 genes: insight into lactone biosynthesis in mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.)0 aIsolation and characterization of 9lipoxygenase and epoxide hydr  cJUN  a65-750 v1383 aUniqueness and diversity of mango flavour across various cultivars are well known. Among various flavour metabolites lactones form an important class of aroma volatiles in certain mango varieties due to their ripening specific appearance and lower odour detection threshold. In spite of their biological and biochemical importance, lactone biosynthetic pathway in plants remains elusive. Present study encompasses quantitative real-time analysis of 9-lipoxygenase (Mi9LOX), epoxide hydrolase 2 (MiEH2), peroxygenase, hydroperoxide lyase and acyl-CoA-oxidase genes during various developmental and ripening stages in fruit of Alphonso, Paid and Kent cultivars with high, low and no lactone content and explains their variable lactone content. Study also covers isolation, recombinant protein characterization and transient over-expression of Mi9LOX and MiEH2 genes in mango fruits. Recombinant Mi9LOX utilized linoleic and linolenic acids, while MiEH2 utilized aromatic and fatty acid epoxides as their respective substrates depicting their role in fatty acid metabolism. Significant increase in concentration of delta-valerolactone and gamma-decalactone upon Mi9LOX over-expression and that of delta-valerolactone, gamma-hexalactone and delta-hexalactone upon MiEH2 over-expression further suggested probable involvement of these genes in lactone biosynthesis in mango. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.1 aDeshpande, Ashish, B.1 aChidley, Hemangi, G.1 aOak, Pranjali, S.1 aPujari, Keshav, H.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/isolation-and-characterization-9-lipoxygenase-and-epoxide-hydrolase-2-genes-insight-lactone02303nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245010400055210006900159260000800228300001200236490000700248520148400255653002401739653001601763653001501779653003501794653001601829100002301845700002001868700002101888700002401909856012801933       2017                        eng d  a0141-813000aStructure-function relationship of a bio-pesticidal trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor from winged bean0 aStructurefunction relationship of a biopesticidal trypsinchymotr  cMAR  a532-5370 v963 a<p>Protease inhibitors are essential bio-molecules that serve as a model system for the study of protein structure and protease-protease inhibitor interaction. We here report a bi-functional serine protease inhibitor from winged bean (WBCTI) that completely retains its inhibitory property against trypsin and chymotrypsin even after heating at 70 degrees C. Detailed circular dichroism and fluorescence studies at different temperatures, 30-90 degrees C, have been performed to understand the reason behind thermal stability of the protein. On the basis of our results it appears that WBCTI maintains its canonical structure up to 70 degrees C. Above that the heat induced conformational change becomes irreversible which causes aggregation followed by precipitation of the protein. Moreover, the activity and stability of the secondary structure are found to decrease drastically in presence of dithiothreitol indicating that the protein acquires additional stability for the occurrence of two disulfide bonds. In addition to the structural characterization, an important property of WBCTI against the polyphagous pest Helicoverpa armigera has been explored in present study. WBCTI has showed reasonable inhibition of the mid-gut proteases of H. armigera. In artificial feeding trial through addition of WBCTI in diet resulted in significant growth retardation, delayed pupae formation and higher mortality of H. armigera larvae. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aDisulfide reduction10aHeat stable10aPesticidal10aTrypsin/Chymotrypsin inhibitor10aWinged bean1 aBanerjee, Sayanika1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aDutta, Samir, Kumar  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/structure-function-relationship-bio-pesticidal-trypsinchymotrypsin-inhibitor-winged-bean02190nas a2200217   4500008004100000245016800041210006900209260000800278490000600286520134900292100002601641700002401667700001601691700002501707700002201732700002401754700002301778700002001801700002101821856013001842       2017                        eng d00aTranscriptional transitions in alphonso mango (Mangifera indica L.) during fruit development and ripening explain its distinct aroma and shelf life characteristics0 aTranscriptional transitions in alphonso mango Mangifera indica L  cAUG0 v73 aAlphonso is known as the "King of mangos" due to its unique flavor, attractive color, low fiber pulp and long shelf life. We analyzed the transcriptome of Alphonso mango through Illumina sequencing from seven stages of fruit development and ripening as well as flower. Total transcriptome data from these stages ranged between 65 and 143 Mb. Importantly, 20,755 unique transcripts were annotated and 4,611 were assigned enzyme commission numbers, which encoded 142 biological pathways. These included ethylene and flavor related secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways, as well as those involved in metabolism of starch, sucrose, amino acids and fatty acids. Differential regulation ( p-value <= 0.05) of thousands of transcripts was evident in various stages of fruit development and ripening. Novel transcripts for biosynthesis of mono-terpenes, sesqui-terpenes, di-terpenes, lactones and furanones involved in flavor formation were identified. Large number of transcripts encoding cell wall modifying enzymes was found to be steady in their expression, while few were differentially regulated through these stages. Novel 79 transcripts of inhibitors of cell wall modifying enzymes were simultaneously detected throughout Alphonso fruit development and ripening, suggesting controlled activity of these enzymes involved in fruit softening.1 aDeshpande, Ashish, B.1 aAnamika, Krishanpal1 aJha, Vineet1 aChidley, Hemangi, G.1 aOak, Pranjali, S.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aPujari, Keshav, H.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/transcriptional-transitions-alphonso-mango-mangifera-indica-l-during-fruit-development-and02086nas a2200157   4500008004100000245014300041210006900184260000800253520141500261100002401676700002101700700002501721700002801746700002201774856013201796       2018                        eng d00aChemo-biological evaluation of antidiabetic activity of M entha arvensis L. and it's role in inhibition of advanced glycation end products0 aChemobiological evaluation of antidiabetic activity of M entha a  cFEB3 a<p>Background: There has been enormous curiosity in the development of alternative plant based medicines to control diabetes, oxidative stress and related disorders. One of the therapeutic approaches is to reduce postprandial release of glucose in the blood. Two key enzymes that are involved in reducing postprandial glucose are α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Mentha arvensis L. has been traditionally used by several tribes as a medicinal plant to treat various disorders. Objective: The present study was undertaken to test M. arvenisis L. for inhibition of postprandial hyperglycemia. Material and method: We performed various in vitro and in vivo tests to evaluate efficacy of M. arvenisis L. for antidiabetic activity (postprandial hyperglycemia). Results: Methanolic extract of M. arvensis L. leaves showed DPPH free radical scavenging activity (more than 78% μg/μl) and high antiglycation potential (more than 90% inhibition of AGE formation). Methanolic extract also showed remarkable inhibitory effects on α-amylase (more than 50% μg/μl) and α-glucosidase (68% μg/μl) and significant inhibition of postprandial hyperglycemia in starch induced diabetic Wistar rats. Conclusion: The non-insulin dependent antidiabetic or inhibition of postprandial hyperglycemic activity of methanolic extract of M. arvensis L. leaves was shown by using in vitro and in vivo approaches in the present study.</p>1 aAgawane, Sachin, B.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aKulkarni, Mahesh, J.1 aBhattacharya, Asish, K.1 aKoratkar, Santosh  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/chemo-biological-evaluation-antidiabetic-activity-m-entha-arvensis-l-and-its-role-inhibition02986nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245019100055210006900246260000800315300001400323490000700337520201800344653002302362653001702385653002702402653001202429653002602441653001902467100002302486700001702509700002102526700002402547700002102571856012802592       2018                        eng d  a1438-793X00aGA3 application in grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) modulates different sets of genes at cluster emergence, full bloom, and berry stage as revealed by RNA sequence-based transcriptome analysis0 aGA3 application in grapes Vitis vinifera L modulates different s  cJUL  a439–4550 v183 aIn grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) is applied at different stages of bunch development to achieve desirable bunch shape and berry size in seedless grapes used for table purpose. RNA sequence-based transcriptome analysis was used to understand the mechanism of GA3 action at cluster emergence, full bloom, and berry stage in table grape variety Thompson Seedless. At cluster emergence, rachis samples were collected at 6 and 24 h after application of GA3, whereas flower clusters and berry samples were collected at 6, 24, and 48 h after application at full bloom and 3–4 mm berry stages. Seven hundred thirty-three genes were differentially expressed in GA3-treated samples. At rachis and flower cluster stage respectively, 126 and 264 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed within 6 h of GA3 application. The number of DEG reduced considerably at 24 h. However, at berry stage, major changes occurred even at 24 h and a number of DEGs at 6 and 24 h were 174 and 191, respectively. As compared to upregulated genes, larger numbers of genes were downregulated. Stage-specific response to the GA3 application was observed as evident from the unique set of DEGs at each stage and only a few common genes among three stages. Among the DEGs, 67 were transcription factors. Functional categorization and enrichment analysis revealed that several transcripts involved in sucrose and hexose metabolism, hormone and secondary metabolism, and abiotic and biotic stimuli were enriched in response to application of GA3. A high correlation was recorded for real-time PCR and transcriptome data for selected DEGs, thus indicating the robustness of transcriptome data obtained in this study for understanding the GA3 response at different stages of berry development in grape. Chromosomal localization of DEGs and identification of polymorphic microsatellite markers in selected genes have potential for their use in breeding for varieties with improved bunch architecture.10aBunch architecture10aGA3 response10aMicrosatellite markers10aRNA seq10aTranscription factors10aVitis vinifera1 aUpadhyay, Anuradha1 aMaske, Smita1 aJogaiah, Satisha1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ga3-application-grapes-vitis-vinifera-l-modulates-different-sets-genes-cluster-emergence02890nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245017300055210006900228260000800297300001000305490000800315520189700323100001902220700002902239700002402268700001902292700002802311700003102339700002702370700003402397700002102431700002602452700001702478856012902495       2018                        eng d  a0031-942200aGenetic and phytochemical investigations for understanding population variability of the medicinally important tree Saraca asoca to help develop conservation strategies0 aGenetic and phytochemical investigations for understanding popul  cDEC  a43-540 v1563 aSaraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde (Caesalpiniaceae) is a highly traded IUCN red listed tree species used in Ayurvedic medicines for the treatment of various disorders, especially gynaecological problems. However, information about the genetic variations between populations and corresponding variation in specialized metabolites of S. asoca remains unclear. To address this issue, we analysed 11 populations of S. asoca with 106 accessions collected from Western Ghats of India using ISSR markers along with selected phytocompounds using RP-HPLC. Twenty primers were screened, out of which seven were selected for further analysis based on generation of clear polymorphic banding patterns. These seven ISSR primers produced 74 polymorphic loci. AMOVA showed 43% genetic variation within populations and 57% among the populations of S. asoca. To estimate the genetic relationships among S. asoca populations, UPGMA and Bayesian Models were constructed, which revealed two clusters of similar grouping patterns. However, excluding minor deviations, UPGMA and dissimilarity analysis showed close association of genotypes according to their geographical locations. Catechin (CAT), epicatechin (EPI) and gallic acid (GA) were quantified from bark and leaf samples of corresponding genotypes collected from 106 accessions. ROC plots depicted the sensitivity and specificity of the concentrations of tested phytocompounds at various cut-off points. Although, multiple logistic regression analysis predicted some association between few loci with GA, EPI and CAT, but PCA for phytochemical data failed to distinguish the populations. Overall, there were no significant trends observed to distinguish the populations based on these phytocompounds. Furthermore, the study advocates the delineate provenance regions of S. asoca genotypes/chemotype snapshots for in-situ conservation and ex-situ cultivation.1 aHegde, Satisha1 aPai, Sandeep, Ramchandra1 aBhagwat, Rasika, M.1 aSaini, Archana1 aRathore, Poonam, Kanwar1 aJalalpure, Sunil, Satyappa1 aHegde, Harsha, Vasudev1 aSugunan, Attayoor, Purushotta1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aKholkute, Sanjiva, D.1 aRoy, Subarna  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/genetic-and-phytochemical-investigations-understanding-population-variability-medicinally02197nas a2200229   4500008004100000245018300041210006900224260000800293300001400301490000700315520133000322100002801652700002001680700002201700700002001722700002301742700001301765700001801778700002101796700002001817856013001837       2018                        eng d00aIntegrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses suggest the participation of endogenous protease inhibitors in the regulation of protease gene expression in helicoverpa armigera0 aIntegrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses suggest the par  cJUL  a1324-13360 v173 aInsects adapt to plant protease inhibitors (PIs) present in their diet by differentially regulating multiple digestive proteases. However, mechanisms regulating protease gene expression in insects are largely enigmatic. Ingestion of multi-domain recombinant Capsicum annuum protease inhibitor-7 (CanPI-7) arrests growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Using de novo RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis, we examined the response of H. armigera larvae fed on recombinant CanPI-7 at different time intervals. Here, we present evidence supporting a dynamic transition in H. armigera protease expression on CanPI-7 feeding with general down-regulation of protease genes at early time points (0.5 to 6 h) and significant up-regulation of specific trypsin, chymotrypsin and aminopeptidase genes at later time points (12 to 48 h). Further, coexpression of H. armigera endogenous PIs with several digestive protease genes were apparent. In addition to the differential expression of endogenous H. armigera PIs, we also observed a distinct novel isoform of endogenous PI in CanPI-7 fed H. armigera larvae. Based on present and earlier studies, we propose potential mechanism of protease regulation in H. armigera and subsequent adaptation strategy to cope with anti-nutritional components of plants.1 aLomate, Purushottam, R.1 aDewangan, Veena1 aMahajan, Neha, S.1 aKumar, Yashwant1 aKulkarni, Abhijeet1 aWang, Li1 aSaxena, Smita1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/integrated-transcriptomic-and-proteomic-analyses-suggest-participation-endogenous-protease03076nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260000800243300001400251490000600265520217000271100002302441700002202464700002402486700002002510700002002530700001902550700002202569700002102591700003702612700001802649700002002667856012302687       2019                        eng d  a2470-134300aAzadirachtin-A from azadirachta indica impacts multiple biological targets in cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera0 aAzadirachtinA from azadirachta indica impacts multiple biologica  cMAY  a9531-95410 v43 a<p>Azadirachtin-A (AzaA) from the Indian neem tree (Azadirachta indica) has insecticidal properties; however, its molecular mechanism remains elusive. The ``targeted and nontargeted proteomic profiling'', metabolomics, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) imaging, gene expression, and in silico analysis provided clues about its action on Helicoverpa armigera. Fourth instar H. armigera larvae fed on AzaA-based diet (AzaD) suffered from significant mortality, growth retardation, reduced larval mass, complications in molting, and prolonged development. Furthermore, death of AzaD-fed larvae was observed with various phenotypes like bursting, blackening, and half-molting. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data showed limited catabolic processing of ingested AzaA and dramatic alternations of primary metabolism in H. armigera. MALDI-TOF imaging indicated the presence of AzaA in midgut of H. armigera. In the gut, out of 79 proteins identified, 34 were upregulated, which were related to digestion, immunity, energy production, and apoptosis mechanism. On the other hand, 45 proteins were downregulated, including those from carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy transfer. In the hemolymph, 21 upregulated proteins were reported to be involved in immunity, RNA processing, and mRNA-directed protein synthesis, while 7 downregulated proteins were implicated in energy transfer, hydrolysis, lipid metabolism, defense mechanisms, and amino acid storage-related functions. Subsequently, six target proteins were identified using labeled AzaA that interacted with whole insect proteins. In silico analysis suggests that AzaA could be efficiently accommodated in the hydrophobic pocket of juvenile hormone esterase and showed strong interaction with active site residues, indicating plausible targets of AzaA in H. armigera. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested differential gene expression patterns and partly corroborated the proteomic results. Overall, data suggest that AzaA generally targets more than one protein in H. armigera and hence could be a potent biopesticide.</p>
1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aBarage, Sagar, H.1 aBarbole, Ranjit, S.1 aFatangare, Amol1 aGrimalt, Susana1 aHaldar, Saikat1 aHeckel, David, G.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aThulasiram, Hirekodathakallu, V.1 aSvatos, Ales.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/azadirachtin-azadirachta-indica-impacts-multiple-biological-targets-cotton-bollworm02530nas a2200169   4500008004100000245012000041210006900161260000900230490000700239520187400246100002302120700002002143700002402163700002302187700002102210856012902231       2019                        eng d00aGlobal study of MFS superfamily transporters in arabidopsis and grapes reveals their functional diversity in plants0 aGlobal study of MFS superfamily transporters in arabidopsis and   cJUN 0 v183 aThe Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) is the largest superfamily of secondary transporters present in all organisms, from prokaryotes to higher eukaryotes, that facilitates transport of diverse molecules like sugars, vitamins, amino-acids, hormones, etc. across cell membranes. The superfamily was further expanded to MFS Superfamily (MFSS) to integrate MFS with nine more families. The present study revealed their land plant specific diversity through identification across six species from unicellular alga to higher flowering plants. We identified 71, 131, 254, 260, 213 and 203 MFSS transporters in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Physcomitrella patens, Selaginella moellendorffii, Oryza sativa (var. Japonica), Arabidopsis thaliana and Vitis vinifera, respectively and classified them into MFSS families and subfamilies based on their transporter classification identifiers (TCIDs). Detailed analysis of 20 land plant specific subfamilies was conducted in A. thaliana and V. vinifera. Phylogenetic and gene duplication studies revealed the expansion of sugar porter and proton dependent oligopeptide transporter families in Arabidopsis and grape. The subcellular localization of the majority of the transporters was predicted to be in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, the microarray expression analysis of MFSS transporters from Arabidopsis and grapes revealed their multi-tissue-specificity and differential regulation under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Studies of the transmembrane topology highlighted the presence of central cytoplasmic loop along with family specific topological variations that were evident from phylogenetic analysis. Overall, this study adds to the knowledge of functional and structural diversity and evolution of MFSS transporters in plants and opens the scope for detailed physiological and functional studies on these proteins.1 aPatil, Sucheta, S.1 aPrashant, Ramya1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aUpadhyay, Anuradha1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/global-study-mfs-superfamily-transporters-arabidopsis-and-grapes-reveals-their-functional01928nas a2200253   4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260000800217300001100225490000700236520102400243100001901267700002901286700002401315700002001339700002801359700003101387700002701418700003401445700002101479700002601500700001701526856013101543       2019                        eng d00aPopulation genetic and phytochemical dataset of Saraca asoca: a traditionally important medicinal tree0 aPopulation genetic and phytochemical dataset of Saraca asoca a t  cAUG  a1041730 v253 a<p>The data presented in this article is in support of the research paper “Genetic and phytochemical investigations for understanding population variability of the medicinally important tree <em>Saraca asoca</em> to help develop conservation strategies” Hegde et&nbsp;al., 2018. This article provides PCR based Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and HPLC datasets of 106 individual samples of <em>Saraca asoca</em> collected from various geographical ranges of the Western Ghats of India. The ISSR data includes information on genetic diversity and images of population structures generated through amplified DNA products from samples of <em>Saraca asoca</em> leaf. Phytochemical data obtained from HPLC includes concentration (mg/g) of gallic acid (GA), catechin (CAT), and epicatechin (EPI). The data also presents information obtained from various statistical analysis <em>viz.</em> standard error of the mean values, distribution variables, prediction accuracy, and multiple logistic regression analysis.</p>
1 aHegde, Satisha1 aPai, Sandeep, Ramchandra1 aBhagwat, Rasika, M.1 aSainia, Archana1 aRathore, Poonam, Kanwar1 aJalalpure, Sunil, Satyappa1 aHegde, Harsha, Vasudev1 aSugunan, Attayoor, Purushotta1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aKholkute, Sanjiva, D.1 aRoy, Subarna  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/population-genetic-and-phytochemical-dataset-saraca-asoca-traditionally-important-medicinal02332nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156260000800225300001000233490000700243520161900250653002101869653000901890653002001899653000901919100001901928700002101947700002001968856012601988       2019                        eng d  a0972-853800aRobust micropropagation protocol for genetically true to type plants of Phule Arakta pomegranate0 aRobust micropropagation protocol for genetically true to type pl  cMAR  a23-310 v763 a<p>A rapid and reproducible micropropagation protocol for pomegranate cv. Phule Arakta has been developed using nodal segments of field grown plant. Bud break was induced in basal Woody Plant Medium (WPM) as well as compared when WPM was supplemented with plant growth regulators. Multiple shoot proliferation was induced in the nodal segments on WPM fortified with different concentration of benzyladenine (BAP) where 2mg/I BAP developed maximum number of shoots. Elongation of shoots was further amplified with the addition of adjuvant silver nitrate. Browning of culture medium was controlled by the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and regular sub-culturing enhanced shoot multiplication as well as elongation. Rooting was induced in the regenerated shoots using Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 3-Indoleacetic acid where best result was obtained using shock treatment with NAA. Sub-culturing resulted in denser and better rooting. The rooted plantlets were further acclimatized and then established in soil. The clonal fidelity of the in vitro grown cultures was assessed using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. The 10 RAPD decamers produced 55 bands and 4 ISSR produced 19 bands in total. RAPD primers OPC-08, OPC-13 and OPD-07 produced the highest number of distinct bands and ISSR primer UBC-834 produced maximum distinct bands. All the bands were monomorphic which confirms the genetic fidelity of the in-vitro raised P. granatum cv. Phule Arakta and supported the method of mass production of true to type progenies using tissue culture.</p>
10agenetic fidelity10aISSR10aPunica granatum10aRAPD1 aRaman, Taramla1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aShukla, Susmita  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/robust-micropropagation-protocol-genetically-true-type-plants-phule-arakta-pomegranate02302nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260000800235520145800243653002301701653002101724653001301745653002201758653001901780100001701799700002301816700002101839700002301860700002401883700002101907856013201928       2019                        eng d  a0721-759500aWhole proteome analysis of GA(3) response at panicle stage in Grape (Vitis vinifera) CV. Thompson seedless0 aWhole proteome analysis of GA3 response at panicle stage in Grap  cOCT3 a<p>Rachis elongation is a crucial process in producing good quality table grapes. In compact clustered grape variety like Thompson Seedless, treating the flower panicles with a mild dose of GA(3) results in loose clusters. We sprayed GA(3) on Thompson Seedless panicles immediately after emergence, and the samples were collected at 6 h and 24 h after application. Whole proteome analysis revealed significant differential expression of 530 proteins of the total 1288 expressed proteins at two time-points. GO term enrichment analysis revealed enrichment of GO terms related to translation, biosynthetic processes, and photosynthesis in GA(3)-treated samples. As the process of rachis elongation requires enhanced carbon metabolism and accumulation of sugars through the expansion of phloem area, we attribute this to the overexpression of several proteins involved in these processes. Significantly highly expressed proteins also belonged to biological processes like the generation of precursor metabolites, cellular protein metabolic processes, response to abiotic stimulus, and protein metabolic processes. This study might be the first of its kind in deciphering the contribution of a different group of proteins during rachis elongation as an early response to GA(3) application in seedless grapes. These results provide quality information on various physiological and biochemical changes occurring during early stages of rachis elongation.</p>
10aBunch architecture10aGibberellic acid10aProteome10aRachis elongation10aVitis vinifera1 aMaske, Smita1 aUpadhyay, Anuradha1 aJogaiha, Satisha1 aPatil, Sucheta, S.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/whole-proteome-analysis-ga3-response-panicle-stage-grape-vitis-vinifera-cv-thompson-seedless02365nas a2200301   4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165260000800234300001200242490000700254520141200261653001301673653001001686653001601696653002301712653002101735653001501756653001701771100001601788700002601804700002501830700002101855700002401876700002001900700002001920856012301940       2020                        eng d  a1073-608500aDifferential modulation in metabolites revealed with the improvement in the shelf-life of alphonso fruits0 aDifferential modulation in metabolites revealed with the improve  cOCT  a508-5200 v623 a<p>Globally farmers have difficulty in extending the shelf-life of the tropical fruits due to their perishable nature. The present study aimed to assess the effect of hexanal nano-formulation treatment (NFT) on the shelf-life of Alphonso mango. Further, volatilomics was performed to explore the molecular basis of such effect. Untreated and treated fruits were sampled starting from 5th to 21st day after NFT at an interval of 4 days. Moderate changes in visual and digital colour parameters were evident from the intact and dissected fruits of NFT set compared to untreated fruits. Biochemical assays affirmed the phenotypic differences with significant changes in the colour imparting compounds like carotenoids and anthocyanins among them. Further, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed significant qualitative and quantitative variations in the different classes of compounds like lactones, furanones, esters, aldehydes and alcohols. Some of the key metabolites showed differential modulations among the NFT and untreated fruit sets indicating their potential role in various processes, which ultimately might have resulted in delayed ripening of the mango. Overall, this study has demonstrated the beneficial effect of hexanal and identified important metabolites with the enhanced shelf-life in Alphonso that could be useful for farmers and mango-based food/flavour industries.</p>
10aAlphonso10aGC-MS10aMetabolites10aNano-biotechnology10aNano-formulation10aShelf-life10aVolatilomics1 aDar, Saleem1 aDholakia, Bhushan, B.1 aShanmugam, Haripriya1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aSubramanian, K., S.1 aSubramanian, J.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/differential-modulation-metabolites-revealed-improvement-shelf-life-alphonso-fruits02009nas a2200217   4500008004100000020001400041245013100055210006900186260000800255300001400263490000700277520121500284100001601499700002001515700002001535700002101555700002301576700002101599700002401620856014701644       2021                        eng d  a1435-810700aGibberellic acid induces unique molecular responses in ‘thompson seedless’ grapes as revealed by non-targeted metabolomics0 aGibberellic acid induces unique molecular responses in thompson   cFEB  a293 - 3040 v403 aCompact clusters and small berry size are the major problems associated with the commercialization of table grapes. The application of gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) has been a long-followed practice to overcome these issues. To analyze the molecular response of ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes to GA3 treatment, we investigated the metabolomes of its rachises, clusters, and berries, 6 h and 24 h after the treatment. Metabolite profiling using non-targeted metabolomics approach revealed several metabolites, including arginine, proline, tyrosine, kaempferol, resveratrol, catechin, and so on as possible biomarkers of GA3 treatment in grapes. GA3 treatment greatly impacted the alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathways, and the GA3-mediated alterations in the levels of certain plant growth regulators and primary metabolites were in accordance with important growth and developmental processes in grapes. This study highlights the effect of GA3 on the profiles of certain polyphenols impacting the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways and hence the nutritional aspect of grapes. The results of this study would be useful to develop self-elongating varieties simplifying the grape cultivation.1 aJadhav, Uma1 aMundhe, Swapnil1 aKumar, Yashwant1 aJogaiah, Satisha1 aUpadhyay, Anuradha1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/gibberellic-acid-induces-unique-molecular-responses-%E2%80%98thompson-seedless%E2%80%99-grapes-revealed-non02172nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182260000800251300001200259490000700271520123000278653002601508653001901534653002001553653001901573653002801592100001601620700002001636700002001656700002101676700002301697700002101720700002401741856012901765       2021                        eng d  a0721-759500aGibberellic acid induces unique molecular responses in `thompson seedless' grapes as revealed by non-targeted metabolomics0 aGibberellic acid induces unique molecular responses in thompson   cFEB  a293-3040 v403 a<p>Compact clusters and small berry size are the major problems associated with the commercialization of table grapes. The application of gibberellic acid 3 (GA(3)) has been a long-followed practice to overcome these issues. To analyze the molecular response of `Thompson Seedless' grapes to GA(3) treatment, we investigated the metabolomes of its rachises, clusters, and berries, 6 h and 24 h after the treatment. Metabolite profiling using non-targeted metabolomics approach revealed several metabolites, including arginine, proline, tyrosine, kaempferol, resveratrol, catechin, and so on as possible biomarkers of GA(3) treatment in grapes. GA(3) treatment greatly impacted the alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathways, and the GA(3)-mediated alterations in the levels of certain plant growth regulators and primary metabolites were in accordance with important growth and developmental processes in grapes. This study highlights the effect of GA(3) on the profiles of certain polyphenols impacting the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways and hence the nutritional aspect of grapes. The results of this study would be useful to develop self-elongating varieties simplifying the grape cultivation.</p>
10aBiosynthetic pathways10aGA(3) response10aGA(3) signaling10aSultana grapes10aUntargeted metabolomics1 aJadhav, Uma1 aMundhe, Swapnil1 aKumar, Yashwant1 aJogaiah, Satisha1 aUpadhyay, Anuradha1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aKadoo, Narendra, Y.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/gibberellic-acid-induces-unique-molecular-responses-thompson-seedless-grapes-revealed-non02984nas a2200301   4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260000900204300000700213490000800220520207700228653001002305653001802315653001202333653001602345653001702361653002802378653001002406100001602416700002602432700002702458700002202485700002802507700002102535700002002556856010602576       2021                        eng d  a0032-093500aInfluence of domestication on specialized metabolic pathways in fruit crops0 aInfluence of domestication on specialized metabolic pathways in   cFEB   a610 v2533 a<p>Main conclusionDuring the process of plant domestication, the selection and traditional breeding for desired characters such as flavor, juiciness and nutritional value of fruits, probably have resulted in gain or loss of specialized metabolites contributing to these traits. Their appearance in fruits is likely due to the acquisition of novel and specialized metabolic pathways and their regulation, driven by systematic molecular evolutionary events facilitated by traditional breeding.AbstractPlants change their armory of specialized metabolism to adapt and survive in diverse ecosystems. This may occur through molecular evolutionary events, such as single nucleotide polymorphism, gene duplication and transposition, leading to convergent or divergent evolution of biosynthetic pathways producing such specialized metabolites. Breeding and selection for improved specific and desired traits (fruit size, color, taste, flavor, etc.) in fruit crops through conventional breeding approaches may further alter content and profile of specialized metabolites. Biosynthetic routes of these metabolites have been studied in various plants. Here, we explore the influence of plant domestication and breeding processes on the selection of biosynthetic pathways of favorable specialized metabolites in fruit crops. An orderly clustered arrangement of genes associated with their production is observed in many fruit crops. We further analyzed selection-based acquisition of specialized metabolic pathways comparing first the metabolic profiles and genes involved in their biosynthesis, followed by the genomic organization of such genes between wild and domesticated horticultural crops. Domestication of crop plants favored the acquisition and retention of metabolic pathways that enhanced the fruit value while eliminated those which produced toxic or unfavorable metabolites. Interestingly, unintentional reorganization of complex metabolic pathways by selection and traditional breeding processes has endowed us with flavorful, juicy and nutritionally rich fruits.</p>
10aAroma10aDomestication10aFlavour10aFruit crops10aGene cluster10aSpecialized metabolites10aTaste1 aDar, Saleem1 aDholakia, Bhushan, B.1 aKulkarni, Abhijeet, P.1 aOak, Pranjali, S.1 aShanmugam, Dhanasekaran1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/influence-domestication-specialized-metabolic-pathways-fruit-crops