01972nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245008700055210006900142260009500211300001400306490000700320520108100327653001901408653001001427653002201437653001601459653001801475653001501493100002301508700002201531700002401553700002601577856011501603       2010                        eng d  a0147-651300aEfficient industrial dye decolorization by Bacillus sp. VUS with its enzyme system0 aEfficient industrial dye decolorization by Bacillus sp VUS with   a525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USAbACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCEcOCT  a1696-17030 v733 a<p>This work presents role of different enzymes in decolorization of industrial dye Orange T4LL by Bacillus sp. VUS. Bacillus sp. strain VUS decolorized dye Orange T4LL, under static anoxic condition in 24 h. During decolorization of Orange T4LL a significant induction in the activities of lignin peroxidase, tyrosinase, and reductases (NADH-DCIP, azo, and riboflavin) was observed. The biodegradation was monitored by Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high performance liquid chromatography. The final products 4-methyl-2-o-tolylazo-benzene-1,3-diamine and [3-(phenyl-hydrazono)-cyclohexa-1,4-dienyl]-methanol were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Phytotoxicity, COD, and BUD revealed non-toxicity of degraded products. Phytotoxicity study demonstrated non-toxicity of the biodegraded products for crop plants with respect to Triticum aestivum and Sorghum bicolor. Bacillus sp. VUS with its enzyme system could be a useful tool for textile effluent treatment. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>10aDecolorization10aGC-MS10aLignin peroxidase10aOrange T4LL10aPhytotoxicity10aReductases1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aJadhav, Umesh, U.1 aTamboli, Dhawal, P.1 aGovindwar, Sanjay, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/efficient-industrial-dye-decolorization-bacillus-sp-vus-its-enzyme-system-002324nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260007100233300001400304490000700318520141500325653001501740653001601755653002001771653002501791653001501816100002301831700002401854700002101878700002101899700002001920856013001940       2011                        eng d  a1535-389300aAssimilatory potential of helicoverpa armigera reared on host (chickpea) and nonhost (cassia tora) diets0 aAssimilatory potential of helicoverpa armigera reared on host ch  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcNOV  a5128-51380 v103 a<p>Adaptation to plant allelochemicals is a crucial aspect of herbivore chemical ecology. To understand an insect ecology, we studied an effect of nonhost Cassia tora seed-based diet (Ct) on growth, development, and molecular responses in Helicoverpa armigera. We employed a comparative approach to investigate the proteomic differences in gut, hemolymph, and frass of H. armigera reared on a normal (chickpea seed-based, Cp) and Ct diet. In this study, a total of 46 proteins were identified by nano-LC-MS(E). Among them, 17 proteins were up-regulated and 29 proteins were down-regulated when larvae were exposed to the Ct diet. Database searches combined with GO analysis revealed that gut proteases engrossed in digestion, proteins crucial for immunity, adaptive responses to stress, and detoxification were down-regulated in the Ct fed larvae. Proteins identified in H. armigera hemolymph were found to be involved in defense mechanisms. Moreover, proteins found in frass of the Ct fed larvae were observed to participate in energy metabolism. Biochemical and quantitative real-time PCR analysis of selected candidate proteins showed differential gene expression patterns and corroborated with the proteomic data. Our results suggest that the Ct diet could alter expression of proteins related to digestion, absorption of nutrients, adaptation, defense mechanisms, and energy metabolism in H. armigera.</p>10aadaptation10aCassia tora10aGene expression10aHelicoverpa armigera10aproteomics1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aChikate, Yojana, R.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aSlade, Susan, E.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/assimilatory-potential-helicoverpa-armigera-reared-host-chickpea-and-nonhost-cassia-tora-002540nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260008000266300001400346490000700360520155100367653002701918653001801945653002801963100001801991700001702009700001902026700001902045700002302064700002402087700001702111700001702128856012902145       2011                        eng d  a0944-134400aDegradation of tannic acid by cold-adapted klebsiella sp NACASA1 and phytotoxicity assessment of tannic acid and its degradation products0 aDegradation of tannic acid by coldadapted klebsiella sp NACASA1   aTIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANYbSPRINGER HEIDELBERGcAUG  a1129-11380 v183 a<p>The focus of the present study is to know the potential of bacterial isolate for tannic acid degradation at low temperature. Also, we tried to evaluate the suitability of phytotoxicity testing protocol for the determination of tannic acid toxicity. Screening for tannic acid degrading bacterial strains was carried out by using microbial isolation techniques. The 16S rDNA amplicon of the isolate was used to identify the isolate. The effect of different concentrations of tannic acid and its degradation products on germination of Vigna unguiculata was evaluated. The study was carried out to determine total sugar and starch content of the used seeds and even to check the presence of alpha-amylase activity during seed germination. The isolated bacterium was identified as Klebsiella sp NACASA1 and it showed degradation of tannic acid in 40 (+/- 0.85***) h at 15A degrees C and pH 7.0. A gradual decrease in root/shoot length was observed with increasing concentration of tannic acid. There was 95.11 (+/- 0.24**)% inhibition in alpha-amylase activity at 20,000 ppm tannic acid, as compared to control. No such effects were observed on germination, root-shoot length, and alpha-amylase activity with tannic acid degradation products. The results obtained confirmed that tannic acid may act as a toxic agent in plant cells. The simple biodegradation process presented in this study was found to be effective in reducing toxicity of tannic acid. Also, it reveals the potential of soil bacterium to degrade tannic acid at low temperature.</p>10aCold-adapted bacterium10aPhytotoxicity10aTannic acid degradation1 aJadhav, Umesh1 aKadu, Sudhir1 aThokal, Nilesh1 aPadul, Manohar1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aChougale, Ashok, D.1 aSalve, Abhay1 aPatil, Manoj  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/degradation-tannic-acid-cold-adapted-klebsiella-sp-nacasa1-and-phytotoxicity-assessment-002192nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245014400055210006900199260014500268300001200413490000700425520113300432653002501565653001801590653002301608653003201631653002801663100002401691700002001715700002301735700002401758700002601782856013001808       2011                        eng d  a1226-837200aPurification and characterization of bacterial aryl alcohol oxidase from sphingobacterium sp ATM and Its uses in textile dye decolorization0 aPurification and characterization of bacterial aryl alcohol oxid  aKOREAN SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY CENTER, \#704 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREAbKOREAN SOC BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOENGINEERINGcAUG  a661-6680 v163 a<p>Aryl alcohol oxidase (AAO) produced by dye decolorizing bacteria Sphingobacterium sp. ATM, was purified 22.63 fold to a specific activity of 21.75 mu mol/min/mg protein using anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified AAO was found to be 71 kDa using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and confirmed by zymography of AAO using L-dopa. The enzyme showed substrate specificity towards veratryl alcohol, followed by n-propanol. The optimum pH and temperature of purified AAO were found to be 3.0 and 40 degrees C, respectively. The K(m) and V(max) of AAO was 1.1615 mM and 3.13 mM/min when veratryl alcohol was used as substrate. Sodium azide showed maximum inhibition while ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), L-cysteine and dithiothreitol showed slight inhibition. Metal ions also showed slight inhibition. HPLC analysis confirmed the degradation of Direct Red 5B. The metabolite obtained after decolorization of Direct Red 5B was characterized as 3 diazenyl 7 [-(phenyl carbonyl) amino] naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid using GC-MS analysis.</p>10aaryl alcohol oxidase10aDirect Red 5B10adye decolorization10aion exchange chromatography10aSphingobacterium sp ATM1 aTamboli, Dhawal, P.1 aTelke, Amar, A.1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aJadhav, Shekhar, B.1 aGovindwar, Sanjay, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/purification-and-characterization-bacterial-aryl-alcohol-oxidase-sphingobacterium-sp-atm-002593nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260007100221300001400292490000700306520162800313653001601941653001701957653001601974653001601990653001502006653002602021100002302047700002402070700002802094700002602122700002102148700002002169856012602189       2013                        eng d  a1535-389300aMolecular insights into resistance mechanisms of lepidopteran insect pests against toxicants0 aMolecular insights into resistance mechanisms of lepidopteran in  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcNOV  a4727-47370 v123 a<p>Insect pests remain a major reason for crop loss worldwide despite extensive use of chemical insecticides. More than B 50% of all insecticides are organophosphates, followed by synthetic pyrethroids, organochlorines, carbamates, and biopesticides, and their continued use may have many environmental, agricultural, medical, and socioeconomic issues. Importantly, only a countable number of insects have acquired the status of crop pests, mostly due to monoculture of crop plants and polyphagous nature of the insects. We focus on A adaptations of Lepidopteran insects to phytochemicals and synthetic pesticides in native and modern agricultural systems. Because of heavy use of chemical insecticides, a strong selection pressure is imposed on insect populations, resulting in the emergence of resistance against candidate compound(s). Current knowledge suggests that insects generally implement a three-tier system to overcome the effect of toxic compounds at physiological, biochemical, and genetic levels. Furthermore, we have discussed whether the adaptation to phytochemicals provides an advantage to the insect while encountering synthetic insecticide molecules. Specific metabolic pathways employed by insects to convert deterrents into less toxic forms or their removal from the system are highlighted. Using the proteomics approach, insect proteins interacting with insecticides can be identified, and their modification in resistant insects can be characterized. Also, systems biology studies can offer useful cues to decipher the molecular networks participating in the metabolism of detrimental compounds.</p>10afield crops10ainsect-pests10ainsecticide10aLepidoptera10aproteomics10aresistance mechanisms1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aChikate, Yojana, R.1 aLomate, Purushottam, R.1 aDholakia, Bhushan, B.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/molecular-insights-resistance-mechanisms-lepidopteran-insect-pests-against-toxicants-002162nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260008800227300001200315490000700327520146500334100002301799700002601822700002101848856012301869       2015                        eng d  a1536-231000aAgriproteomics of bread wheat: comparative proteomics and network analyses of grain size variation0 aAgriproteomics of bread wheat comparative proteomics and network  a140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USAbMARY ANN LIEBERT, INCcJUL  a372-3820 v193 a<p>Agriproteomics signifies the merging of agriculture research and proteomics systems science and is impacting plant research and societal development. Wheat is a frequently consumed foodstuff, has highly variable grain size that in effect contributes to wheat grain yield and the end-product quality. Very limited information is available on molecular basis of grain size due to complex multifactorial nature of this trait. Here, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we investigated the proteomics profiles from grains of wheat genotypes, Rye selection 111 (RS111) and Chinese spring (CS), which differ in their size. Significant differences in protein expression were found, including 33 proteins uniquely present in RS111 and 32 only in CS, while 54 proteins were expressed from both genotypes. Among differentially expressed proteins, 22 were upregulated, while 21 proteins were downregulated in RS111 compared to CS. Functional classification revealed their role in energy metabolism, seed storage, stress tolerance and transcription. Further, protein interactive network analysis was performed to predict the targets of identified proteins. Significantly different interactions patterns were observed between these genotypes with detection of proteins such as Cyp450, Sus2, and WRKY that could potentially affect seed size. The present study illustrates the potentials of agriproteomics as a veritable new frontier of plant omics research.</p>1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aDholakia, Bhushan, B.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/agriproteomics-bread-wheat-comparative-proteomics-and-network-analyses-grain-size-002747nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245014700055210006900202260006700271300001000338490000700348520180200355653001702157653002502174653002702199653001502226653001802241100002302259700002402282700002102306700002102327700002002348856012502368       2016                        eng d  a1672-960900aExpression of proteins involved in digestion and detoxification are regulated in helicoverpa armigera to cope up with chlorpyrifos insecticide0 aExpression of proteins involved in digestion and detoxification   a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcFEB  a68-770 v233 a<p>Helicoverpa armigera is a key pest in many vital crops, which is mainly controlled by chemical strategies. To manage this pest is becoming challenging due to its ability and evolution of resistance against insecticides. Further, its subsequent spread on nonhost plant is remarkable in recent times. Hence, decoding resistance mechanism against phytochemicals and synthetic insecticides is a major challenge. The present work describes that the digestion, defense and immunity related enzymes are associated with chlorpyrifos resistance in H. armigera. Proteomic analysis of H. armigera gut tissue upon feeding on chlorpyrifos containing diet (CH) and artificial diet (AD) using nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified upregulated 23-proteins in CH fed larvae. Database searches combined with gene ontology analysis revealed that the identified gut proteins engrossed in digestion, proteins crucial for immunity, adaptive responses to stress, and detoxification. Biochemical and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of candidate proteins indicated that insects were struggling to get nutrients and energy in presence of CH, while at the same time endeavoring to metabolize chlorpyrifos. Moreover, we proposed a potential processing pathway of chlorpyrifos in H. armigera gut by examining the metabolites using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. H. armigera exhibit a range of intriguing behavioral, morphological adaptations and resistance to insecticides by regulating expression of proteins involved in digestion and detoxification mechanisms to cope up with chlorpyrifos. In these contexts, as gut is a rich repository of biological information; profound analysis of gut tissues can give clues of detoxification and resistance mechanism in insects.</p>10achlorpyrifos10aHelicoverpa armigera10ainsecticide resistance10aproteomics10areal-time PCR1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aChikate, Yojana, R.1 aMore, Tushar, H.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/expression-proteins-involved-digestion-and-detoxification-are-regulated-helicoverpa-002074nas a2200181   4500008004100000245017100041210006900212260000800281300001000289490000700299520135000306100001801656700002301674700002001697700002301717700002901740856012301769       2016                        eng d00aParasitism by Chelonus blackburni (Hymenoptera) affects food consumption and development of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera) and cellular architecture of the midgut0 aParasitism by Chelonus blackburni Hymenoptera affects food consu  cMAR  a65-700 v193 aBiological control agents are vital components of an integrated pest management strategy, and this is frequently referred to as natural control. Natural enemies of insect pests include predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. Among them, a parasitoid, Chelonus blackburni (Cameron), was found to be the best biological control agent for the polyphagous pest, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). C. blackburni alters the feeding performance of H. annigera larvae upon parasitism and as a result severely affects growth and development. Moreover, it shortens the feeding period of H. armigera and increases mortality. Furthermore, total hemocyte count (THC) was significantly decreased in parasitized larvae than control. Parasitized H. armigera had 26% less number of blood cells compared to healthy larvae. Histological studies showed that the structure of midgut of H. annigera is drastically affected by C. blackburni leading to reduced food consumption, which ultimately led to larval death. The present study provides an insight to changes involved in H. annigera due to parasitism by C blackburni, a parasite that could be used as an effective biocontrol agent to manage H. armigera. (C) 2015 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1 aSanap, Yogita1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aSen, Avalokiteswar1 aPandit, Radhakrishna, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/parasitism-chelonus-blackburni-hymenoptera-affects-food-consumption-and-development02304nas a2200193   4500008004100000245009500041210006900136260000800205300001000213490000800223520161200231100002401843700002301867700002401890700002901914700002101943700002001964856012601984       2016                        eng d00aRNAi of selected candidate genes interrupts growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera0 aRNAi of selected candidate genes interrupts growth and developme  cOCT  a44-510 v1333 aHelicoverpa armigera is one of the major crop pests and is less amenable to current pest control approaches. RNA interference (RNAi) is emerging as a potent arsenal for the insect pest control over current methods. Here, we examined the effect on growth and development in H. armigera by targeting various enzymes/proteins such as proteases like trypsins (HaTry2, 3, 4 and 6), chymotrypsin (HaChy4) and cysteine protease like cathepsin (HaCATHL); glutathione S-transferases (HaGST1a, 6 and 8); esterases (HaAce4, HaJHE); catalase (HaCAT); super-oxide-dismutase (HaCu/ZnSOD); fatty acid binding protein (HaFabp) and chitin deacetylase (HaCda5b) through dsRNA approach. Significant downregulation of cognate mRNA expression and reduced activity of trypsin and GST-like enzyme were evident upon feeding candidate dsRNAs to the larvae. Among these, the highest mortality was observed in HaAce4 dsRNA fed larvae followed by HaJHE; HaCAT; HaCuZnSOD; HaFabp and HaTry3 whereas remaining ones showed relatively lower mortality. Furthermore, the dsRNA fed larvae showed significant reduction in the larval mass and abnormalities at the different stages of H. armigera development compared to their control diets. For example, malformed larvae, pupae and moth at a dose of 60 pg/day were evident in high number of individual insects fed on dsRNA containing diets. Moreover, the growth and development of insects and moths were retarded in dsRNA fed larvae. These findings might provide potential new candidates for designing effective dsRNA as pesticide in crop protection. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.1 aChikate, Yojana, R.1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aBarbole, Ranjit, S.1 aTilak, Priyadarshini, V.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/rnai-selected-candidate-genes-interrupts-growth-and-development-helicoverpa-armigera-001937nas a2200205   4500008004100000245014900041210006900190260000800259300001200267490000700279520115700286100002301443700002401466700002301490700002801513700002201541700002001563700002101583856012701604       2017                        eng d00aImproved tolerance against helicoverpa armigera in transgenic tomato over-expressing multi-domain proteinase inhibitor gene from capsicum annuum0 aImproved tolerance against helicoverpa armigera in transgenic to  cJUL  a597-6040 v233 aPlant proteinase inhibitors (PIs) are plant defense proteins and considered as potential candidates for engineering plant resistances against herbivores. Capsicum annuum proteinase inhibitor (CanPI7) is a multi-domain potato type II inhibitor (Pin-II) containing four inhibitory repeat domains (IRD), which target major classes of digestive enzymes in the gut of Helicoverpa armigera larvae. Stable integration and expression of the transgene in T1 transgenic generation, were confirmed by established molecular techniques. Protein extract of transgenic tomato lines showed increased inhibitory activity against H. armigera gut proteinases, supporting those domains of CanPI7 protein to be effective and active. When T1 generation plants were analyzed, they exhibited antibiosis effect against first instar larvae of H. armigera. Further, larvae fed on transgenic tomato leaves showed delayed growth relative to larvae fed on control plants, but did not change mortality rates significantly. Thus, better crop protection can be achieved in transgenic tomato by overexpression of multi-domain proteinase inhibitor CanPI7 gene against H. armigera larvae.1 aTanpure, Rahul, S.1 aBarbole, Ranjit, S.1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aWaichal, Yashashree, A.1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/improved-tolerance-against-helicoverpa-armigera-transgenic-tomato-over-expressing-multi03089nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245013700055210006900192260000800261300001400269490000700283520219600290653001602486653001102502653001502513653001502528653002202543653001502565100002302580700002302603700002302626700002102649700002402670856012902694       2018                        eng d  a0022-114700aNutritional quality and antioxidant activity of wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum) unwrap by proteome profiling and DPPH and FRAP assays0 aNutritional quality and antioxidant activity of wheatgrass Triti  cAUG  a2127-21390 v833 a<p>Precious contribution of plants in the field of medicine is very well known. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds and seedlings are an important source of food and feed due to the presence of various health-promoting compounds. Proteomic analysis of three seed developmental stages (0, 8, and 16 days after germination [DAG]) of wheat was carried out using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 297 proteins were identified and their functional annotation revealed that a majority of them were involved in preventing many diseases, oxidative stress, primary metabolism, storage, and energy related mechanisms. Particularly to mention, peroxidases, superoxide dismutases, and cytochromes are abundantly present in wheatgrass. In the ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay, antioxidant activity was increased by 1.55 times after 16 DAG as compared to 0 DAG, however it was decreased after 8 DAG. The antioxidant activity of the plant extracts by DPPH had an increasing trend after all the three time points. The percent radical scavenging activity of extract by DPPH was 15, 22, and 30 after 0, 8, and 16 DAG, respectively. Observations obtained revealed that antioxidant power of the plants is directly proportional to the age of seedlings. Data attained on wheatgrass showing that it can be a strong antioxidant agent due to its free radical scavenging activity and could be used in stress and nourishing human health. Practical ApplicationWheatgrass contains minerals, phytochemicals, active enzymes, and vitamins that can be easily absorbed. The consumption of wheatgrass juice can give better health benefits. Information about beneficial properties of wheat grass juice is clearly mentioned in this work.Proteins found in wheatgrass are known to be involved in preventing many diseases, oxidative stress, primary metabolism, storage, and energy-related mechanisms. Results of this work revealed that Triticum aestivum seedlings can act as an antioxidant agent due to their free radical scavenging activity and can be constructive to control or treat many health complications. From all these results we believed that wheatgrass can be used for the nourishment of humans.</p>10aAntioxidant10aLC-MSE10aperoxidase10aproteomics10aTriticum aestivum10awheatgrass1 aParit, Santosh, B.1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aTanpure, Rahul, S.1 aPai, Sandeep, R.1 aChougale, Ashok, D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/nutritional-quality-and-antioxidant-activity-wheatgrass-triticum-aestivum-unwrap-proteome03076nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260000800243300001400251490000600265520217000271100002302441700002202464700002402486700002002510700002002530700001902550700002202569700002102591700003702612700001802649700002002667856012302687       2019                        eng d  a2470-134300aAzadirachtin-A from azadirachta indica impacts multiple biological targets in cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera0 aAzadirachtinA from azadirachta indica impacts multiple biologica  cMAY  a9531-95410 v43 a<p>Azadirachtin-A (AzaA) from the Indian neem tree (Azadirachta indica) has insecticidal properties; however, its molecular mechanism remains elusive. The ``targeted and nontargeted proteomic profiling'', metabolomics, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) imaging, gene expression, and in silico analysis provided clues about its action on Helicoverpa armigera. Fourth instar H. armigera larvae fed on AzaA-based diet (AzaD) suffered from significant mortality, growth retardation, reduced larval mass, complications in molting, and prolonged development. Furthermore, death of AzaD-fed larvae was observed with various phenotypes like bursting, blackening, and half-molting. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data showed limited catabolic processing of ingested AzaA and dramatic alternations of primary metabolism in H. armigera. MALDI-TOF imaging indicated the presence of AzaA in midgut of H. armigera. In the gut, out of 79 proteins identified, 34 were upregulated, which were related to digestion, immunity, energy production, and apoptosis mechanism. On the other hand, 45 proteins were downregulated, including those from carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy transfer. In the hemolymph, 21 upregulated proteins were reported to be involved in immunity, RNA processing, and mRNA-directed protein synthesis, while 7 downregulated proteins were implicated in energy transfer, hydrolysis, lipid metabolism, defense mechanisms, and amino acid storage-related functions. Subsequently, six target proteins were identified using labeled AzaA that interacted with whole insect proteins. In silico analysis suggests that AzaA could be efficiently accommodated in the hydrophobic pocket of juvenile hormone esterase and showed strong interaction with active site residues, indicating plausible targets of AzaA in H. armigera. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis suggested differential gene expression patterns and partly corroborated the proteomic results. Overall, data suggest that AzaA generally targets more than one protein in H. armigera and hence could be a potent biopesticide.</p>
1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aBarage, Sagar, H.1 aBarbole, Ranjit, S.1 aFatangare, Amol1 aGrimalt, Susana1 aHaldar, Saikat1 aHeckel, David, G.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aThulasiram, Hirekodathakallu, V.1 aSvatos, Ales.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/azadirachtin-azadirachta-indica-impacts-multiple-biological-targets-cotton-bollworm01935nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260000800213300001000221490000700231520111400238653001501352653001501367653002101382653002701403653002301430653001701453100002601470700002301496700002401519700002001543856011801563       2023                        eng d  a0095-362800aGenomic determinants of entomopathogenic fungi and their involvement in pathogenesis0 aGenomic determinants of entomopathogenic fungi and their involve  cJAN  a49-600 v853 a<p>
	Entomopathogenic fungi offer an effective and eco-friendly alternative to curb insect populations in biocontrol strategy. The evolutionary history of selected entomopathogenic fungi indicates their ancestral relationship with plant endophytes. During this host shifting, entomopathogenic fungi must have acquired multiple mechanisms, including a combination of various biomolecules that make them distinguishable from other fungi. In this review, we focus on understanding various biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in entomopathogenesis. In particular, we attempt to explain the indispensable role of enlarged gene families of various virulent factors, viz. chitinases, proteases, lipases, specialized metabolites, and cytochrome P450, in entomopathogenesis. Our analysis suggests that entomopathogenic fungi recruit a different set of gene products during the progression of pathogenesis. Knowledge of these bio-molecular interactions between fungi and insect hosts will allow researchers to execute pointed efforts towards the development of improved entomopathogenic fungal strains.</p>
10aBiocontrol10aChitinases10aEndophytic fungi10aEntomopathogenic fungi10aHydrolytic enzymes10aInsect pests1 aVidhate, Ravindra, P.1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aPunekar, Sachin, A.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/genomic-determinants-entomopathogenic-fungi-and-their-involvement-pathogenesis