02052nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260008600204300001400290490000700304520119700311653001201508653002701520653002001547653002601567653001501593100002901608700002101637700002301658700002101681856010801702       2014                        eng d  a1944-399400aStatus of membrane distillation for water and wastewater treatment-a review0 aStatus of membrane distillation for water and wastewater treatme  a530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USAbTAYLOR & FRANCIS INCcAUG  a5199-52180 v523 a<p>Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising separation technique for water treatment. It is a nonisothermal process known since 1963. However, this technology still needs to be developed for its industrial implementation for different purposes. This paper presents a status review of MD based on the available published literatures and on preliminary analysis. The review covers the concept, membranes and modules design, configurations, performance parameters, fouling phenomena, the heat and mass transfer phenomena, applications, energy assessment, heat integration, and Memstill technology of MD process. Earlier study indicates that the permeate quality obtained by MD is stable and practically independent on the feed concentrations. The permeate flux is strongly affected by the feed temperature, feed flow rate, vacuum pressure in vacuum MD, and the boundary layer heat transfer coefficient. The permeate flux obtained in the literature of MD process is disagree by an order of enormity and hence better experimental work is needed. The less attention was found in the literature towards the removal of organic and inorganic toxic constituents from the groundwater by MD process.</p>10aFouling10aMembrane configuration10aMembrane design10aMembrane distillation10awastewater1 aPangarkar, Bhausaheb, L.1 aSane, Mukund, G.1 aParjane, Saroj, B.1 aGuddad, Mahendra  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/status-membrane-distillation-water-and-wastewater-treatment-review-0