02772nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245012800055210006900183260007300252300001200325490000800337520181200345653003102157653002202188653003702210653003102247653002402278100002402302700002502326700002302351700002602374856013002400       2014                        eng d  a0378-517300aStructure function attributes of gold nanoparticle vaccine association: effect of particle size and association temperature0 aStructure function attributes of gold nanoparticle vaccine assoc  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAUG  a439-4480 v4713 a<p>Many biotherapeutic applications of gold nanoparticles make use of conjugated or adsorbed protein moieties. Physical parameters of association such as particle size, morphology, surface chemistry and temperature influences the protein-nanoparticle association and thereby their interaction with the biological environment. In present study, effect of size of chitosan reduced gold nanoparticles (CsAuNPs) and association temperature on structure and function of tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine has been investigated. CsAuNPs were synthesized in the sizes of 20 + 3, 40 + 5 and 80 + 7 nm followed by loading of TT. Binding process of CsAuNPs with TT was investigated at their predetermined micro molar concentrations. Upon binding of TT onto CsAuNPs, particle surface was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. CD spectroscopic evaluation of TT bound 20 nm CsAuNPs led to 75% reduction in secondary structure of TT and thereby compromised immune function. Binding of TT with 40 and 80 nm sized CsAuNPs did not cause significant modifications in secondary structure or function of TT. Thermodynamic studies using temperature dependent fluorescence spectroscopy revealed an increase in association constants with the temperature. Based on thermodynamic data three phases in CsAuNPs and TT association process were traced. Samples from these distinct phases were also investigated for immunological recognition. Ex-vivo interaction of TT-CsAuNPs with TT positive and negative sera followed by relative change in particle size and zeta potential was studied. The findings here suggests prominent role of particle size and association temperature on adsorbed TT structure and function. Such studies may help in engineering functional nanotherapeutics. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAssociation thermodynamics10aGold nanoparticle10aNanoparticle protein interaction10aStructure function studies10aVaccine formulation1 aBarhate, Ganesh, A.1 aGaikwad, Sushama, M.1 aJadhav, Suresh, S.1 aPokharkar, Varsha, B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/structure-function-attributes-gold-nanoparticle-vaccine-association-effect-particle-size-0