02126nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260007100223300001400294490000700308520131800315100001801633700002201651700001601673700002601689700002101715700002001736700002201756856013001778       2012                        eng d  a1525-779700aControlled synthesis of O-glycopolypeptide polymers and their molecular recognition by lectins0 aControlled synthesis of Oglycopolypeptide polymers and their mol  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcMAY  a1287-12950 v133 a<p>The facile synthesis of high molecular weight water-soluble O-glycopolypeptide polymers by the ring-opening polymerization of their corresponding N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) in very high yield (overall yield &gt; 70%) is reported. The per-acetylated-O-glycosylated lysine-NCA monomers, synthesized using stable glycosyl donors and a commercially available protected amino acid in very high yield, was polymerized using commercially available amine initiators. The synthesized water-soluble glycopolypeptides were found to be alpha-helical in aqueous solution. However, we were able to control the secondary conformation of the glycopolypeptides (alpha-helix vs nonhelical structures) by polymerizing raceznic amino acid glyco NCAs. We have also investigated the binding of the glycopolypeptide poly(alpha-manno-O-lys) with the lectin Con-A using precipitation and hemagglutination assays as well as by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The ITC results clearly show that the binding process is enthalpy driven for both alpha-helical and nonhelical structures, with negative entropic contribution. Binding stoichiometry for the glycopolypeptide poly(alpha-manno-O-lys) having a nonhelical structure was slightly higher as compared to the corresponding polypeptide which adopted an alpha-helical structure.</p>1 aPati, Debasis1 aShaikh, Ashif, Y.1 aDas, Soumen1 aNareddy, Pavan, Kumar1 aSwamy, Musti, J.1 aHotha, Srinivas1 aGupta, Sayam, Sen  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/controlled-synthesis-o-glycopolypeptide-polymers-and-their-molecular-recognition-lectins-001683nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260007100238300001400309490000800323520088500331100001801216700002001234700001601254700002701270700002201297700002601319856013201345       2012                        eng d  a0002-786300aMultiple topologies from glycopolypeptide-dendron conjugate self-assembly: nanorods, micelles, and organogels0 aMultiple topologies from glycopolypeptidedendron conjugate selfa  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcAPR  a7796-78020 v1343 a<p>Glycopolypeptides (GPs) were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of glycosylated N-carboxyanhydride monomer and attached to hydrophobic dendrons at one chain end by ``click'' reaction to obtain amphiphilic anisotropic macromolecules. We show that by varying polypeptide chain length and dendron generation, an organogel was obtained in dimethylsulfoxide, while nanorods and micellar aggregates were observed in aqueous solutions. Assemblies in water were characterized by electron microscopy and dye encapsulation. Secondary structure of the GP chain was shown to affect the morphology, whereas the chain length of the poly(ethylene glycol) linker between the GP and dendron did not alter rod-like assemblies. Bioactive surface chemistry of these assemblies displaying carbohydrate groups was demonstrated by interaction of mannose-functionalized nanorods with ConA.</p>1 aPati, Debasis1 aKalva, Nagendra1 aDas, Soumen1 aKumaraswamy, Guruswamy1 aGupta, Sayam, Sen1 aAmbade, Ashootosh, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/multiple-topologies-glycopolypeptide-dendron-conjugate-self-assembly-nanorods-micelles-and-002364nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245009200055210006900147260007100216300001400287490000700301520165100308100001601959700001801975700001701993700001702010700002202027856012102049       2012                        eng d  a1525-779700aSynthesis of silk fibroin-glycopolypeptide conjugates and their recognition with lectin0 aSynthesis of silk fibroinglycopolypeptide conjugates and their r  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcNOV  a3695-37020 v133 a<p>Silk fibroin (SF), the natural fibrous protein created by the Bombyx mori silk worm, is being increasingly excellent mechanical strength, high oxygen/water permeability, excellent mechanical strength; high oxygen/water:permeability, and biocompatibility: :It is also well known that surface. modification of SF, With Organic ligands such as the extracellular protein :binding. Arg-Gly-Asp, (RGD) peptides:,: help adhesion and,proliferation. of cells better-a key; requirement for it to function as extracellular. matrices; In this, Work, We have conjugated synthetic glycopolypeptides (GPs) that were synthesized by controlled ring opening polymerization of alpha-manno-lys N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) onto SF by using Cu catalyzed click reaction to synthesize 1 a new hybrid :Material (SF GP), Which We believe will have :both the mechanical properties of native SF and the molecular recognition property of the carbohydrates in the GP. By controlling the :amount of GP grafted onto SF, we have made three SF GP conjugates that differ in their ability to assemble into films. SF GP conjugates having a very high content of GP formed completely water soluble brush like polymer that displayed very high affinity toward the lectin concanavalin-A (Con-A) Films cast from SF-GP conjugates using lower amounts of grafted GP were more stable in water, and the stability can be modulated by varying the amount of G grafted. The water insoluble film SF-GP(25) was also found to bind to fluorescently labeled Con A, as was seen by confocal microscopy Such SF-GP hybrid films may be useful as mimics of extracellular matrices for tissue engineering:</p>1 aDas, Soumen1 aPati, Debasis1 aTiwari, Neha1 aNisal, Anuya1 aGupta, Sayam, Sen  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-silk-fibroin-glycopolypeptide-conjugates-and-their-recognition-lectin-001601nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001400041245014800055210006900203260011000272300001400382490000600396520084900402100001601251700002001267700002201287856012201309       2013                        eng d  a1759-995400aSynthesis of end-functionalized phosphate and phosphonate-polypeptides by ring-opening polymerization of their corresponding N-carboxyanhydride0 aSynthesis of endfunctionalized phosphate and phosphonatepolypept  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcAUG  a4087-40910 v43 a<p>Phosphopolypeptides provide an interesting biomimetic analog for phosphorylated proteins that are involved in biomineralization. We have developed a high yielding synthesis of cysteine-based phosphate and phosphonate N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) by using the thiol-ene coupling reaction. These phosphate and phosphonate NCA monomers underwent polymerization using simple primary amine initiators to form well defined homophosphopolypeptides. Using a bifunctional initiator we were able to install a ``clickable'' alkyne or azide group at the end of the polypeptide chain. We were also able to successfully synthesize fully water-soluble phosphonate based polypeptides by hydrolysis of the corresponding phosphonate ester groups in the polypeptide. These water-soluble phosphopolypeptides adopt a random coil conformation at physiological pH.</p>1 aDas, Soumen1 aKar, Mrityunjoy1 aGupta, Sayam, Sen  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-end-functionalized-phosphate-and-phosphonate-polypeptides-ring-opening-002237nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260007100248300001400319490000700333520144600340100002201786700001601808700001801824700002001842700002201862700002001884856012701904       2014                        eng d  a1525-779700aCationic charged helical glycopolypeptide using ring opening polymerization of 6-deoxy-6-azido-glyco-N-carboxyanhydride0 aCationic charged helical glycopolypeptide using ring opening pol  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcOCT  a3679-36860 v153 a<p>Glycopolypeptides with a defined secondary structure are of significance in understanding biological phenomena. Synthetic glycopolypeptides, or polypeptides featuring pendant carbohydrate moieties, have been of particular interest in the field of tissue engineering and drug delivery. In this work, we have synthesized charged water-soluble glycopolypeptides that adopt a helical conformation in water. This was carried out by the synthesis of a glyco-N-carboxyanhydride (glyco-NCA) containing an azide group at the sixth position of the carbohydrate ring. Subsequently, the NCA was polymerized to obtain azide-containing glycopolypeptides having good control over molecular weight and polydispersity index (PDI) in high yields. We were also able to control the incorporation of the azide group by synthesizing random co-glycopolypeptide containing 6-deoxy-6-azido and regular 6-OAc functionalized glucose. This azide functionality allows for the easy attachment of a bioactive group, which could potentially enhance the biological activity of the glycopolypeptide. We were able to obtain water-soluble charged glycopolypeptides by both reducing the azide groups into amines and using CuAAC with propargylamine. These charged glycopolypeptides were shown to have a helical conformation in water. Preliminary studies showed that these charged glycopolypeptides showed good biocompatibility and were efficiently taken up by HepG2 cells.</p>1 aShaikh, Ashif, Y.1 aDas, Soumen1 aPati, Debasis1 aDhaware, Vinita1 aGupta, Sayam, Sen1 aHotha, Srinivas  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/cationic-charged-helical-glycopolypeptide-using-ring-opening-polymerization-6-deoxy-6-001837nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260011000248300001600358490000600374520112900380100001601509700002401525856013001549       2014                        eng d  a2046-206900aGreen synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles using cysteine-modified silk fibroin: catalysis and antibacterial activity0 aGreen synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles using cysteinemodif  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcSEP  a46285-462920 v43 a<p>Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) have shown remarkable potential for numerous applications. In this work, a simple, one-pot, green method for the synthesis of gold, silver, palladium, and platinum NPs by using thiol-modified silk fibroin (SF-SH) has been described. The incorporation of thiol groups into silk fibroin (SF) yields small, mono-dispersed metal nanoparticles with good colloidal stability. UV-Vis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analyses show the formation of NPs, and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) data reveal interaction of the NPs with thiol-modified SF. We also show that all the NP-SF conjugates catalyse the reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol in the presence of NaBH4 at room temperature. The NP-SF conjugate materials were processed into different material formats like porous scaffolds and films without compromising their individual properties. The Au-SF-SH composite scaffold was used successfully in the heterogeneous catalysis of p-nitrophenol reduction using NaBH4 while the Ag-SF-SH conjugated film showed good antibacterial activity.</p>1 aDas, Soumen1 aDhar, Basab, Bijayi  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/green-synthesis-noble-metal-nanoparticles-using-cysteine-modified-silk-fibroin-catalysis-002662nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245013800055210006900193260007100262300001400333490000700347520187800354100001602232700003002248700002302278700002302301700002202324856012202346       2015                        eng d  a0743-746300aBioactive polymersomes self-assembled from amphiphilic.PPO-glycopolypeptides: synthesis, characterization, and dual-dye encapsulation0 aBioactive polymersomes selfassembled from amphiphilicPPOglycopol  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcAPR  a3402-34120 v313 a<p>Glycopolypeptide-based polymersomes have promising applications as vehicles for targeted drug delivery because they are capable of encapsulating different pharmaceuticals of diverse polarity as well as interacting with specific cell surfaces due to their hollow structural morphology and bioactive surfaces. We have synthesized glycopolypeptide-b-poly(propylene oxide) by ROP of glyco-N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) using the hydrophobic amine-terminated poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) as the initiator. This block copolymer is composed of an FDA-approved PPO hydrophobic block in conjugation with hydrophilic glycopolypeptides which are expected to be biocompatible. We demonstrate the formation of glycopolypeptide-based polymersomes from the self-assembly of glycopolypeptide-b-poly(propylene oxide) in which the presence of an ordered helical glycopolypeptide segment is required for their self-assembly into spherical nanoscale (similar to 50 nm) polymersomes. The polymersomes were characterized in detail using a variety of techniques such as TEM, AFM, cryo-SEM, and light-scattering measurements. As a model for drugs, both hydrophobic (RBOE) and hydrophilic (calcein) dyes have been incorporated within the polymersomes from solution. To substantiate the simultaneous entrapment of the two dyes, spectrally resolved fluorescence microscopy was performed on the glycopeptide polymersomes cast on a glass substrate. We show that it is possible to visualize individual nanoscale polymersomes and effectively probe the dyes colocalization and energy-transfer behaviors therein as well as investigate the variation in dual-dye encapsulation over a large number of single polymersomes. Finally, we show that the galactose moieties present on the surface can specifically recognize lectin RCA(120), which reveals that the polymersomes surface is indeed biologically active.</p>1 aDas, Soumen1 aSharma, Dharmendar, Kumar1 aChakrabarty, Suman1 aChowdhury, Arindam1 aGupta, Sayam, Sen  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/bioactive-polymersomes-self-assembled-amphiphilicppo-glycopolypeptides-synthesis-001631nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245010800055210006900163260007100232300001200303490000600315520092400321100001601245700002001261700002001281700002201301856012601323       2016                        eng d  a2161-165300aControlled synthesis of end-functionalized mannose-6-phosphate glycopolypeptides for lysosome targeting0 aControlled synthesis of endfunctionalized mannose6phosphate glyc  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcJUL  a809-8130 v53 a<p>The ubiquitous expression of the mannose-6-phosphate receptor on the majority of human cells makes it a valid target in the quest to deliver therapeutics selectively to the lysosome. In this work end-functionalized polyvalent mannose-6-phosphate glycopolypeptides (M6P-GPs) with high molecular weights (up to 22 kDa) have been synthesized via NCA polymerization. These synthetic M6P-GPs were found to display minimal toxicity to cells in vitro and show exceptional selectivity for trafficking into lysosomes in various cell lines. Comparison of the cellular uptake behavior of M6P-GP and the corresponding mannose-GP polymer reveals that incorporation of the phosphate moiety at the 6-position of mannose completely alters its trafficking behavior and becomes exclusively lysosome specific. We also demonstrate that trafficking of M6P-GPs in mammalian cells is likely associated with the CI-MPR receptor pathway.</p>1 aDas, Soumen1 aParekh, Nimisha1 aMondal, Basudeb1 aGupta, Sayam, Sen  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/controlled-synthesis-end-functionalized-mannose-6-phosphate-glycopolypeptides-lysosome02832nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260000800244300001200252490000600264520205600270100002002326700002102346700002702367700001602394700003002410700002202440700002302462856012902485       2016                        eng d  a2470-134300aGlycopolypeptide-grafted bioactive polyionic complex vesicles (PICsomes) and their specific polyvalent interactions0 aGlycopolypeptidegrafted bioactive polyionic complex vesicles PIC  cOCT  a600-6120 v13 a<p>Glycopolypeptide-based self-assembled nano-/microstructures with surface-tethered carbohydrates are excellent mimics of glycoproteins on the cell surface. To expand the broad repertoire of glycopolypeptide-based supramolecular soft structures such as polymersomes formed via self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers, we have developed a new class of polyionic complex vesicles (PICsomes) with glycopolypeptides grafted on the external surface. Oppositely charged hydrophilic block copolymers of glycopolypeptide(20)-b-poly-L-lysine(100) and PEG(2k)-b-poly-L-glutamate(100) [PEG = poly(ethylene glycol)] were synthesized using a combination of ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides and ``click'' chemistry. Under physiological conditions, the catiomer and aniomer self-assemble to form glycopolypeptide-conjugated PICsomes (GP-PICsomes) of micrometer dimensions. Electron and atomic force microscopy suggests a hollow morphology of the PICsomes, with inner aqueous pool (core) and peripheral PIC (shell) regions. Owing to their relatively large (similar to micrometers) size, the hollowness of the supramolecular structure could be established via fluorescence microscopy of single GP-PICsomes, both in solution and under dry conditions, using spatially distributed fluorescent probes. Furthermore, the dynamics of single PICsomes in solution could be imaged in real time, which also allowed us to test for multivalent interactions between PICsomes mediated by a carbohydrate (mannose)-binding protein (lectin, Con-A). The immediate association of several GP-PICsomes in the presence of Con-A and their eventual aggregation to form large insoluble aggregate clusters reveal that upon self-assembly carbohydrate moieties protrude on the outer surface which retains their biochemical activity. Challenge experiments with excess mannose reveal fast deaggregation of GP-PICsomes as opposed to that in the presence of excess galactose, which further establishes the specificity of lectin-mediated polyvalent interactions of the GP-PICsomes.</p>1 aPandey, Bhawana1 aMahato, Jaladhar1 aCotta, Karishma, Berta1 aDas, Soumen1 aSharma, Dharmendar, Kumar1 aGupta, Sayam, Sen1 aChowdhury, Arindam  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/glycopolypeptide-grafted-bioactive-polyionic-complex-vesicles-picsomes-and-their-specific02126nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245016200055210006900217260007100286300001200357490000700369520122300376100001801599700001601617700002401633700002001657700002301677700002001700700002601720700002201746856012801768       2016                        eng d  a1525-779700aTunable nanocarrier morphologies from glycopolypeptide-based amphiphilic biocompatible star copolymers and their carbohydrate specific intracellular delivery0 aTunable nanocarrier morphologies from glycopolypeptidebased amph  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcFEB  a466-4750 v173 a<p>Nanocarriers with carbohydrates on the surface represent a very interesting class of drug-delivery vehicles because carbohydrates are involved in biomolecular recognition events in vivo. We have synthesized biocompatible miktoarm star copolymers comprising glycopolypeptide and poly(e-caprolactone) chains using ring-opening polymerization and ``click chemistry''. The amphiphilic copolymers were self-assembled in water into morphologies such as nanorods, polymersomes, and micelles with carbohydrates displayed on the surface. We demonstrate that the formation of nanostructure could be tuned by chain length of the blocks and was not affected by the type of sugar residue. These nanostructures were characterized in detail using a variety of techniques such as TEM, AFM, cryogenic electron microscopy, spectrally resolved fluorescence imaging, and dye encapsulation techniques. We show that it is possible to sequester both hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic dyes within the nanostructures. Finally, we show that these noncytotoxic mannosylated rods and polymersomes were selectively and efficiently taken up by MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, demonstrating their potential as nanocarriers for drug delivery.</p>1 aPati, Debasis1 aDas, Soumen1 aPatil, Naganath, G.1 aParekh, Nimisha1 aAnjum, Dalaver, H.1 aDhaware, Vinita1 aAmbade, Ashootosh, V.1 aGupta, Sayam, Sen  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/tunable-nanocarrier-morphologies-glycopolypeptide-based-amphiphilic-biocompatible-star-103363nas a2200193   4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260000800201300001600209490000600225520268800231100001902919700001602938700002002954700002002974700002002994700002003014856013503034       2019                        eng d00apH-responsive “supra-amphiphilic” nanoparticles based on homoarginine polypeptides0 apHresponsive supraamphiphilic nanoparticles based on homoarginin  cAUG  a4162–41720 v23 a<p>pH-responsive “supra-amphiphiles” based on double hydrophilic, positively charged block copolypeptides such as PEG-<i>b</i>-poly-<span class="smallcaps smallerCapital">l</span>-lysine together with low molecular weight stimuli-sensitive partners that contain phosphate and carboxylate groups have been widely studied. In contrast, the other widely used cationic polypeptide poly-<span class="smallcaps smallerCapital">l</span>-arginine whose cell-penetrating properties are well-known has been much less explored for the synthesis of supra-amphiphile-based nanomaterials. It is also known that the guanidine side chain of arginine binds to carboxylate anions with binding constants that are 2.5 times higher than the corresponding amines of poly-<span class="smallcaps smallerCapital">l</span>-lysine. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of pH-sensitive supra-amphiphilic nanoparticles by simple mixing of PEG<sub><i>2k</i></sub>-<i>b</i>-poly(homoarginine) block copolymer and carboxylic acid containing functional low molecular weight organic compounds. A high yielding three-step methodology was developed for the synthesis of ε-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-di-Boc-<span class="smallcaps smallerCapital">l</span>-homoarginine-α-<i>N</i>-carboxyanhydride which was polymerized using amine-terminated PEG (2000 MW) to yield 100% guanine-functionalized polypeptide (PEG<sub>2k</sub>-<i>b</i>-PHR<sub>30</sub>) with controlled molecular weights and low PDIs. Incubation of PEG<sub><i>2k</i></sub>-<i>b</i>-PHR<sub>30</sub> with four different carboxylic acids (including dexamethasone a glucocorticoid receptor used in cancer therapy) in water leads to the formation of “supra-amphiphilic” nanoparticles (&lt;200 nm size) due to the charge neutralization resulting from the strong interaction between the guanidine group and the carboxylate group. All these nanoparticles were able to encapsulate the hydrophobic dye Nile red with varying efficiency. Although these assemblies were stable at neutral pH, upon lowering the pH of the solution between 4 and 5, the protonation of the carboxylic acids leads to disassembly of these nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity of all four “supra-amphiphilic” nanoparticles varied depending on the carboxylic acid used for their fabrication. While the nanoparticle formed using dioctylbenzoic acid displayed 80% cell viability at concentration of 60 μg/mL, those formed with the steroid deoxycholic acid or dexamethasone showed only 40% cell viability at similar concentrations. Colocalization studies performed using epifluorescence microscopy demonstrate the successful uptake of intact dye-encapsulated nanoparticle inside the cell.</p>
1 aPraveen, Korra1 aDas, Soumen1 aDhaware, Vinita1 aPandey, Bhawana1 aMondal, Basudeb1 aSengupta, Sayam  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ph-responsive-%E2%80%9Csupra-amphiphilic%E2%80%9D-nanoparticles-based-homoarginine-polypeptides02193nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245016500055210006900220260000800289300001400297490000700311520130700318653002201625653001201647653002401659653001301683653001801696100002001714700001601734700002001750700001801770700002201788856012901810       2020                        eng d  a2192-650600aSynthesis of phospho-polypeptides via phosphate-containing N-carboxyanhydride: application in enzyme-induced self-assembly, and calcium carbonate mineralization0 aSynthesis of phosphopolypeptides via phosphatecontaining Ncarbox  cMAY  a1053-10640 v853 a<p>An easy synthetic strategy was developed to synthesize the phosphate-functionalized amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (NCA), using simple primary amine initiators to obtain homo and block phospho-polypeptides with controlled molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The methodology was extended to the synthesis of the end-functionalized homo polypeptides (15 to 50 repeat unit) and block co-polypeptides with PEG (0.7 K, 2 K, and 5 K) and glycopolypeptide (15-unit mannose glycopolypeptide) as one of the blocks. The deprotected fully water-soluble anionic phosphate-based polypeptides showed pH-dependent helical conformation with a helical content of 20 %, which further changed to beta-sheets upon addition of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) due to dephosphorylation. The block co-polypeptide containing PEG as one of the blocks led to its self-assembly into colloidal structures, such as vesicles with a hydrodynamic diameter of similar to 250 nm, due to the formation of amphiphilic block co-polymer upon dephosphorylation. The nature of the colloidal structures formed can be temporally controlled by the extent of dephosphorylation. Finally, the phospho-polypeptides serve as a template for the mineralization of calcium carbonate with varying polymorphs and morphologies.</p>
10aBiomineralization10aenzymes10aphosphopolypeptides10aProteins10aSelf-assembly1 aMondal, Basudeb1 aDas, Soumen1 aPanda, Sidharth1 aDutta, Tahiti1 aGupta, Sayam, Sen  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-phospho-polypeptides-phosphate-containing-n-carboxyanhydride-application-enzyme