02723nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245016200055210006900217260007300286300001000359490000800369520166100377653002402038653003202062653001902094653002102113653001902134100002902153700002202182700002802204700002502232700002602257700002102283700002202304856011902326 2013 eng d a0926-860X00aCatalytic upgrading of renewable levulinic acid to ethyl levulinate biodiesel using dodecatungstophosphoric acid supported on desilicated H-ZSM-5 as catalyst0 aCatalytic upgrading of renewable levulinic acid to ethyl levulin aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUN a90-980 v4603 a

Levulinic acid (LA) is considered as a renewable platform chemical and can be used for the synthesis of variety of important fuels and chemicals. In particular, its esterification with ethanol produces ethyl levulinate (EL) would be green process, as it can be used as diesel miscible biofuel (DMB), preventing global warming by decreasing atmospheric CO2. This study explores the use of modified H-ZSM-5 by desilication viz.; DH-ZSM-5 and dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTPA) loaded on DH-ZSM-5 for esterification of LA with ethanol aiming to EL. Different degree of desilication of H-ZSM-5 was performed by using aq. NaOH (0.2-1.5 M) at 338 K for 30 min and then DTPA was loaded on these desilicated H-ZSM-5 (DH-ZSM-5) support. H-ZSM-5, DH-ZSM-5 and DTPA on these DH-ZSM-5 samples were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), N-2 adsorption-desorption, pyridine chemisorbed IR spectroscopy, Temperature Programmed Ammonia Desorption (TPAD). The increase in conversion of levulinic acid was observed from 28% to 94% with increase of DTPA loading from 0% to 15%. The increased LA conversion may be due to increase in total acidity from 43.14% to 84.31%. The use of DH-ZSM-5 as support for deposition of DTPA may be reported for the first time. The present work also extended to optimize process parameters such as DTPA loading on DH-ZSM-5, catalyst to LA ratio, LA to ethanol molar ratio, speed of agitation, particle size reaction temperature and catalyst reusability. Kinetic study based on pseudo-homogeneous (P-H) model is also presented. The experimental results follow second order kinetics. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10adesilicated H-ZSM-510aDTPA on desilicated H-ZSM-510aEsterification10aethyl levulinate10alevulinic acid1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aSonar, Shilpa, K.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aJoshi, Praphulla, N.1 aDeshpande, Shilpa, S.1 aPatil, Vilas, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/catalytic-upgrading-renewable-levulinic-acid-ethyl-levulinate-biodiesel-using-002142nas a2200217 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156260000800225300000900233490000700242520135700249100002401606700002501630700002501655700002801680700002201708700001801730700002201748700002301770856013101793 2020 eng d00aCarbon supported size-controlled ru catalysts for selective levulinic acid hydrogenation into γ-valerolactone0 aCarbon supported sizecontrolled ru catalysts for selective levul cJAN a5-160 v133 a

Liquid phase levulinic acid hydrogenation into γ-valerolactone in 1,4-dioxane as a solvent (165°C, 20 bar) was studied over a range of Ru monometallic catalysts using mesoporous carbon material Sibunit as a support. In addition to the catalyst prepared by impregnation with RuCl3∙nH2O (0.1 M) followed by reduction in H2, size-controlled Ru(NPs)/Sibunit catalysts were synthesized by immobilization of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) stabilized Ru nanoparticles (NPs) (dRu=2.4 nm). Сarbon supported colloidal Ru NPs were not studied earlier in levulinic acid hydrogenation. Activity of colloidal Ru(NPs)/Sibunit catalysts was found to be lower than that of impregnated Ru/Sibunit which could be attributed to hampering effect of PVP. However, colloidal Ru(NPs)/Sibunit purified by thermal treatment in air (180°C) followed by reduction in H2 (400°C) exhibited the same activity as impregnated one yielding 93% γ-valerolactone at 100% levulinic acid conversion. Applicability of supported PVP-assisted colloidal Ru NPs in hydrogenation of levulinic acid illustrates a potential to prepare more efficient catalysts for this reaction with a desired particle size. The catalysts were characterized by TEM, XRF, and N2 physisorption to compare their physical chemical properties.

1 aSimakova, Irina, L.1 aDemidova, Yuliya, S.1 aSimonov, Mikhail, N.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aDevi, Nandini1 aDhepe, Paresh, L.1 aMurzin, Dmitry, Yu uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/carbon-supported-size-controlled-ru-catalysts-selective-levulinic-acid-hydrogenation-%CE%B302252nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149260000800218300001500226490000600241520142600247653001401673653001901687653002101706653001101727653000901738653001001747653001101757100002301768700002801791700002201819700002601841856011901867 2022 eng d a2365-654900aCatalytic activity of CuFe2O4 spinel oxide for liquid-phase oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol0 aCatalytic activity of CuFe2O4 spinel oxide for liquidphase oxida cFEB ae2021044410 v73 a

CuFe2O4 spinel oxide catalyst was synthesized by sol-gel and co-precipitation methods for liquid phase oxidation of Cinnamyl alcohol (CnOH) to Cinnamaldehydes (CnHO) using tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidising agent. Spinel oxide catalyst was characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), N-2 adsorption-desorption, BET surface area, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to understand the structural, physical properties and oxidation state of the catalyst. The result shows that catalyst prepared by sol-gel method was found higher surface area and smaller crystalline size than co-precipitation method. XPS data confirm the formation of Cu2+ in the spinel which helps to improve the catalytic activity of oxidation. This reaction follows radical mechanism, and exhibited 76.7 % of CnOH conversion and 68.4 % of CnHO, and 24.8 % benzaldehyde (benzald) selectivity using TBHP at 60 degrees C. Kinetic data reveal that 41.2 kJ/mol of activation energy for the reaction. The higher activity of spinel oxide catalyst could be due synergetic effect of spinel (88 %) and oxides (12 %) formed in the catalyst, which helps to provide the oxygen during reaction. The contribution of Cu2+ is higher in sol-gel than co-precipitation, which may provide the better reactivity of catalyst. This work helps to select the effective and cost-effective catalyst for the oxidation of CnOH.

10aCatalysts10aCinnamaldehyde10aCinnamyl Alcohol10aCupper10airon10aoxide10aspinel1 aDange, Rutvija, M.1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aBokade, Vijay, V.1 aNandanwar, Sachin, U. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/catalytic-activity-cufe2o4-spinel-oxide-liquid-phase-oxidation-cinnamyl-alcohol