02276nas a2200193 4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260000800213300001600221490000700237520157300244100002101817700001801838700001901856700002501875700002001900700002501920856013701945 2025 eng d00aUnderutilization of India’s trained science and technology workforce: Impact on gender disparity0 aUnderutilization of India s trained science and technology workf cNOV a1526–15370 v913 a

The growing STEM workforce of India faces remarkable underutilization, mostly among women and early-career researchers. A survey was conducted among 106 research professionals showed that 46% of the respondents experienced career breaks while only 20–22% perceived sufficient employment opportunities across educational levels. Gender disparity has become a remarkable, associated factor, influenced by and perpetuating the underutilization of the workforce, shaped by career interruptions associated to marriage, childbirth, and societal norms, which disproportionately affect 65% of women respondents. While over 50% respondents showed their interest in developing entrepreneurship, awareness of government schemes such as Startup India and Skill India remains inadequate. The findings from the study supports the short-term actions like childcare support and flexible re-entry policies, medium-term incorporation of entrepreneurship programs with scientific careers, and long-term development of R&D through increased investment and mentorship programs. Addressing systemic and gender-based obstacles is vital for optimizing scientific workforce and promoting development driven by innovation in India. Additionally, the promotion of scientific entrepreneurship and start-up schemes is essential for boosting research sector growth. Addressing the systemic barriers and supporting gender equity in science and academia can help India fully leverage its qualified STEM talent.

1 aJugran, Arun, K.1 aSardana, Neha1 aFatima, Nishad1 aMaheshwary, Sugandha1 aSengupta, Durba1 aChakravorty, Nishant uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/underutilization-india%E2%80%99s-trained-science-and-technology-workforce-impact-gender-disparity