02324nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260007100233300001400304490000700318520141500325653001501740653001601755653002001771653002501791653001501816100002301831700002401854700002101878700002101899700002001920856013001940 2011 eng d a1535-389300aAssimilatory potential of helicoverpa armigera reared on host (chickpea) and nonhost (cassia tora) diets0 aAssimilatory potential of helicoverpa armigera reared on host ch a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcNOV a5128-51380 v103 a

Adaptation to plant allelochemicals is a crucial aspect of herbivore chemical ecology. To understand an insect ecology, we studied an effect of nonhost Cassia tora seed-based diet (Ct) on growth, development, and molecular responses in Helicoverpa armigera. We employed a comparative approach to investigate the proteomic differences in gut, hemolymph, and frass of H. armigera reared on a normal (chickpea seed-based, Cp) and Ct diet. In this study, a total of 46 proteins were identified by nano-LC-MS(E). Among them, 17 proteins were up-regulated and 29 proteins were down-regulated when larvae were exposed to the Ct diet. Database searches combined with GO analysis revealed that gut proteases engrossed in digestion, proteins crucial for immunity, adaptive responses to stress, and detoxification were down-regulated in the Ct fed larvae. Proteins identified in H. armigera hemolymph were found to be involved in defense mechanisms. Moreover, proteins found in frass of the Ct fed larvae were observed to participate in energy metabolism. Biochemical and quantitative real-time PCR analysis of selected candidate proteins showed differential gene expression patterns and corroborated with the proteomic data. Our results suggest that the Ct diet could alter expression of proteins related to digestion, absorption of nutrients, adaptation, defense mechanisms, and energy metabolism in H. armigera.

10aadaptation10aCassia tora10aGene expression10aHelicoverpa armigera10aproteomics1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aChikate, Yojana, R.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aSlade, Susan, E.1 aGiri, Ashok, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/assimilatory-potential-helicoverpa-armigera-reared-host-chickpea-and-nonhost-cassia-tora-002280nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155260007300224300000800297490000800305520142300313653001001736653002201746653002001768653002501788653001401813100002401827700002001851700002101871700002001892856012601912 2012 eng d a0378-111900aAmylase gene expression patterns in Helicoverpa armigera upon feeding on a range of host plants0 aAmylase gene expression patterns in Helicoverpa armigera upon fe aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUN a1-70 v5013 a

Expression of two amylase genes (HaAmy1 and HaAmy2) was studied in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding on different host plants and during larval development. Alignment of HaAmy1 and HaAmy2 with other insect amylases shows similarities with known Lepidopteran amylase transcripts. H. armigera amylase gene expression is influenced by the availability of reducing sugars, sucrose and starch content of host plants and further correlates to the pool of reducing sugars in the gut and haemolymph of larvae. HaAmy1 and HaAmy2 during larval development on two host plants viz., maize (cereal) and marigold (ornamental) showed their relative difference. Results support the view that when host plants differ in their macronutrients, relationships of enzymes and substrates are flexible. The present work highlights the distribution of HaAmy1 and HaAmy2 (i) during various stages of insect development (second, fourth and sixth instar, pupa, adult and egg), (ii) in various tissues viz., head, haemolymph, fat body, integument and whole larval body of H. armigera feeding on artificial diet and (iii) in three gut regions of larvae fed on various diets. Complexity in expression of amylase genes suggests existence of mechanisms involved to detect nutrient balance required for avoiding fitness costs and focus their importance in insect nutrition. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10aDiets10aDigestive amylase10aGene expression10aHelicoverpa armigera10aNutrition1 aKotkar, Hemlata, M.1 aBhide, Amey, J.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/amylase-gene-expression-patterns-helicoverpa-armigera-upon-feeding-range-host-plants-002666nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260000800221300001100229490000800240520185700248653002502105653002002130653002002150653002602170653001602196100002302212700002802235700002002263700001902283856012202302 2025 eng d a0960-741200aNavigating the challenges of engineering composite specialized metabolite pathways in plants0 aNavigating the challenges of engineering composite specialized m cMAR ae701000 v1213 a

Plants are a valuable source of diverse specialized metabolites with numerous applications. However, these compounds are often produced in limited quantities, particularly under unfavorable ecological conditions. To achieve sufficient levels of target metabolites, alternative strategies such as pathway engineering in heterologous systems like microbes (e.g., bacteria and fungi) or cell-free systems can be employed. Another approach is plant engineering, which aims to either enhance the native production in the original plant or reconstruct the target pathway in a model plant system. Although increasing metabolite production in the native plant is a promising strategy, these source plants are often exotic and pose significant challenges for genetic manipulation. Effective pathway engineering requires comprehensive prior knowledge of the genes and enzymes involved, as well as the precursor, intermediate, branching, and final metabolites. Thus, a thorough elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway is closely linked to successful metabolic engineering in host or model systems. In this review, we highlight recent advances in strategies for biosynthetic pathway elucidation and metabolic engineering. We focus on efforts to engineer complex, multi-step pathways that require the expression of at least eight genes for transient and three genes for stable transformation. Reports on the engineering of complex pathways in stably transformed plants remain relatively scarce. We discuss the major hurdles in pathway elucidation and strategies for overcoming them, followed by an overview of achievements, challenges, and solutions in pathway reconstitution through metabolic engineering. Recent advances including computer-based predictions offer valuable platforms for the sustainable production of specialized metabolites in plants.

10aBiosynthetic pathway10aEnzyme activity10aGene expression10aMetabolic engineering10aMetabolites1 aGharat, Sachin, A.1 aTamhane, Vaijayanti, A.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aAharoni, Asaph uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/navigating-challenges-engineering-composite-specialized-metabolite-pathways-plants