03116nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260011000266300001400376490000700390520221200397100002602609700002402635700002702659700002202686700002502708700002002733700002102753856012402774 2011 eng d a1463-926200aEcofriendly hydrogen production from abundant hydrogen sulfide using solar light-driven hierarchical nanostructured ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst0 aEcofriendly hydrogen production from abundant hydrogen sulfide u aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcJUL a2500-25060 v133 a

It is quite well-known that refineries are producing huge amount of H2S which has been used to produce sulphur and water using the well-known Claus process. This process is not an economically viable process, due to the high-cost chemical process and creates further acute environmental problems. Therefore, we have demonstrated the conversion of poisonous H2S into H-2 using an ecofriendly phocatalysis process which is a green unconventional energy source. We have investigated ecofriendly nanostructured ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst to produce hydrogen from H2S using solar light. We also demonstrate the controlled synthesis of hierarchical nanostructured ZnIn2S4 using a facile hydrothermal method. The morphologies obtained have been greatly influenced by the presence of triethylamine (TEA) with various concentrations during the reaction. Surprisingly, a highly crystalline hexagonal layer structured ZnIn2S4 was obtained instead of cubic spinel. The hierarchical nanostructure, i.e. marigold flower-like morphology, was obtained without any surfactant. The thin and transparent petals self-assembled to form the unique nanostructured marigold flower. The highly crystalline puffy marigold flowers and nanoplates/nanostrips were obtained using TEA-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. Optical study shows the band gap in the range of 2.34-2.48 eV. Considering the band gap in the visible region, ZnIn2S4 is used as photocatalyst for hydrogen production from hydrogen sulphide under solar light which is hitherto unattempted. The constant photocatalytic activity of hydrogen evolution, i.e. 5287 mu mol h(-1), was obtained using such hierarchical nanostructured ZnIn2S4 under visible light irradiation. It is noteworthy that the H-2 evolution rate obtained is much higher compared to earlier reported photocatalysts. Considering the significance of morphologies for photocatalytic application, the formation mechanism has also been furnished. The unique hierarchical nanostructured ZnIn2S4 ternary semiconductor having hexagonal layer will have potential applications in solar cells, LEDs, charge storage, electrochemical recording, thermoelectricity and other prospective electronic and optical devices.

1 aChaudhari, Nilima, S.1 aBhirud, Ashwini, P.1 aSonawane, Ravindra, S.1 aNikam, Latesh, K.1 aWarule, Sambhaji, S.1 aRane, Vilas, H.1 aKale, Bharat, B. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ecofriendly-hydrogen-production-abundant-hydrogen-sulfide-using-solar-light-driven-002834nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245019800055210006900253260011000322300001400432490000700446520186700453100002502320700002602345700002102371700002502392700002402417700002302441700002202464856013002486 2012 eng d a0959-942800aOrganization of cubic CeO2 nanoparticles on the edges of self assembled tapered ZnO nanorods via a template free one-pot synthesis: significant cathodoluminescence and field emission properties0 aOrganization of cubic CeO2 nanoparticles on the edges of self as aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcMAR a8887-88950 v223 a

The present investigation explores the controlled architecture of a CeO2-ZnO nanocomposite via a template-free, low temperature, facile single step solvothermal approach. This complex architecture depicts cubic single crystalline CeO2 nanoparticles (size similar to 15 nm) grown on the edges of tapered ZnO nanorods with definite orientations and alignments. The formation of wurtzite ZnO, cubic CeO2 and the coexistence of Ce3+ and Ce4+ on the surface of the CeO2-ZnO nanocomposites are confirmed using various characterization tools. The finding of such unique nanostructures by a facile method is exemplified by a plausible growth mechanism. Surprisingly, the aqueous mediated ultrasonication reaction conferred the formation of crystalline ZnO nanotubes of diameter similar to 50 nm. Spatially resolved cathodoluminescence spectra are obtained by linearly scanning an individual CeO2-ZnO nanorod along its length, which reveals the size-dependent surface effects. Interestingly, such hybrid CeO2-ZnO nanoarchitecture is observed to exhibit enhanced field emission properties, demonstrating better current stability as compared to other ZnO nanostructures. This is attributed mainly to strong surface interactions between the Ce-ionic species and the ZnO nanorods. Herein, a soft-chemical approach is used for the first time to architect a binary oxide nanostructure, which is otherwise accomplished using high temperature techniques, as reported elsewhere. Also, the present work not only gives insight into understanding the hierarchical growth behaviour of the CeO2-ZnO nanocomposite in a solution phase synthetic system, but also provides an efficient route to enhance the field emission performance of ZnO nanostructures, which could be extended to other potential applications, such as chemical sensors, optoelectronic devices and photocatalysts.

1 aWarule, Sambhaji, S.1 aChaudhari, Nilima, S.1 aKale, Bharat, B.1 aPatil, Kashinath, R.1 aKoinkar, Pankaj, M.1 aMore, Mahendra, A.1 aMurakami, Ri-ichi uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/organization-cubic-ceo2-nanoparticles-edges-self-assembled-tapered-zno-nanorods-template-002050nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245014800055210006900203260011000272300001200382490000700394520118300401100002501584700002601609700002101635700001701656700002301673700002301696856012501719 2013 eng d a1466-803300aControlled synthesis of aligned Bi2S3 nanowires, sharp apex nanowires and nanobelts with its morphology dependent field emission investigations0 aControlled synthesis of aligned Bi2S3 nanowires sharp apex nanow aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcNOV a890-8960 v153 a

Well-aligned ultra-long Bi2S3 nanowire arrays with three kinds of apex morphology - abruptly sharpened apex, thin belt and flat - have been systematically fabricated on tungsten (W) foil by a facile hydrothermal method. The structural and morphological studies reveal formation of distinct tip morphologies, possessing high aspect ratio, single crystalline nature and growth along the orthorhombic [001] axis. A plausible growth mechanism has been proposed on the basis of observed experimental results. The field emission properties of Bi2S3 nanowires and sharp apex Bi2S3 nanowires are investigated. From the field emission studies, the values of the turn-on field, required to draw emission current density of similar to 0.1 mu A cm(-2), are observed to be similar to 2.01 and 1.21 V mu m(-1) for nanowires and sharp apex nanowires, respectively. Furthermore, ultra-long Bi2S3 nanowires are also grown on the W microtip (brush-like) from which very high emission current density similar to 11 mA cm(-2) has been drawn. These results are helpful for the design, fabrication and optimization of integrated field emitters using 1D nanostructures as cold cathode material.

1 aWarule, Sambhaji, S.1 aChaudhari, Nilima, S.1 aKale, Bharat, B.1 aPandiraj, S.1 aKhare, Ruchita, T.1 aMore, Mahendra, A. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/controlled-synthesis-aligned-bi2s3-nanowires-sharp-apex-nanowires-and-nanobelts-its-002650nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245012100055210006900176260007100245300001400316490000600330520168600336653002202022653002102044653001802065653002402083653003602107100002802143700002502171700002202196700002502218700002302243856013002266 2014 eng d a1944-824400aVapor-liquid-solid growth of one-dimensional tin sulfide (sns) nanostructures with promising field emission behavior0 aVaporliquidsolid growth of onedimensional tin sulfide sns nanost a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcFEB a2018-20250 v63 a

Single-crystalline ultralong tin sulfide (SnS) nanowires has been grown by a thermal evaporation technique under optimized conditions on gold-coated silicon substrates, and for the first time, field emission investigations on the SnS nanowires at the base pressure of 1 X 10(-8) mbar are reported. It has been revealed that the surface morphology of the as-synthesized SnS nanostructures is significantly influenced by the deposition temperature and duration. Structural and morphological analyses of as-synthesized SnS nanostructures have been carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To understand the optical and electronic properties of as-synthesized SnS nanowires, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), photo-luminescence (PL), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies were carried out. The SEM and TEM measurements reveal the formation of ultralong SnS nanowires, with an average diameter of 80 nm. A plausible explanation on the vapor-solid-liquid (VLS) growth mechanism based on the experimental results and reported literature has been presented. Furthermore, the field emission characteristics of the SnS nanowires are found to be superior to the other metal chalcogenide nanostructures. The synthesized SnS nanowire emitter delivers a high current density of similar to 2.5 mA/cm(2) at an applied electric field of similar to 4.55 V/mu m. The emission current stability over a period of 6 h is observed to be good. The observed results demonstrate the potential of the SnS nanowire emitter as an electron source for practical applications in vacuum nano/microelectronic devices.

10aElectron emission10aID nanostructure10aSnS nanowires10athermal evaporation10avapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth1 aSuryawanshi, Sachin, R.1 aWarule, Sambhaji, S.1 aPatil, Sandip, S.1 aPatil, Kashinath, R.1 aMore, Mahendra, A. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/vapor-liquid-solid-growth-one-dimensional-tin-sulfide-sns-nanostructures-promising-field-002009nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245013200055210006900187260011000256300001200366490000700378520115100385100002501536700002601561700002201587700002001609700002101629700002301650856013001673 2015 eng d a1466-803300aDecoration of CdS nanoparticles on 3D self-assembled ZnO nanorods: a single-step process with enhanced field emission behaviour0 aDecoration of CdS nanoparticles on 3D selfassembled ZnO nanorods aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcNOV a140-1480 v173 a

A well-defined CdS-ZnO heteroarchitecture has been synthesized via a facile single-step hydrothermal approach. The morphological and structural studies reveal the formation of 3D nano-architectures, in which self-assembled ZnO nanorods (diameter similar to 50 nm) are well decorated with single crystalline CdS nanoparticles (size similar to 10 nm). The CdS-ZnO heteroarchitecture exhibits a remarkable change in the optical absorption due to the surface modification of ZnO nanorods by CdS. Surprisingly, under identical reaction conditions, the global ZnS nanoparticles are selectively grown at the apex of ZnO nanorods on the Zn substrate. Furthermore, a plausible growth mechanism has been presented on the basis of experimental results. Interestingly, the CdS-ZnO heteroarchitecture shows enhanced field emission properties such as low turn-on field, high emission current density and better current stability in comparison to other ZnO-based nanostructures. The present CdS-ZnO heteroarchitecture could be extended to other potential applications, such as chemical sensors, photodetectors, optoelectronic devices, and photocatalysts.

1 aWarule, Sambhaji, S.1 aChaudhari, Nilima, S.1 aShisode, Raju, T.1 aDesa, Keith, V.1 aKale, Bharat, B.1 aMore, Mahendra, A. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/decoration-cds-nanoparticles-3d-self-assembled-zno-nanorods-single-step-process-enhanced-001981nas a2200193 4500008004100000245018500041210006900226260000800295300001600303490000600319520118800325100002501513700002401538700002201562700002501584700002401609700002301633856013101656 2016 eng d00aSpatially branched CdS-Bi2S3 heteroarchitecture: single step hydrothermal synthesis approach with enhanced field emission performance and highly responsive broadband photodetection0 aSpatially branched CdSBi2S3 heteroarchitecture single step hydro cSEP a95092-951000 v63 aThis report explores the controlled hierarchical synthesis of CdS nanostructure branches on Bi2S3 nanorod cores via a facile single step hydrothermal route. Morphological and structural studies reveal the formation of CdS-Bi2S3 heteroarchitecture with excellent stoichiometry between the constituent elements. The growth of CdS over Bi2S3 strongly depends on optimization of the reaction conditions, especially low PVP concentration. Furthermore, the as-synthesized CdS-Bi2S3 heteroarchitecture demonstrates multifunctionality in field emission and photoresponse. Interestingly, the CdS-Bi2S3 heteroarchitecture shows enhanced field emission properties such as low turn-on field (similar to 1.8 V mu m(-1) for 10 mu A cm(2)), high emission current density and better current stability in comparison to Bi2S3 and other nanostructures. The as-synthesized CdS-Bi2S3 heteroarchitecture exhibits considerable response and recovery times, similar to 207 ms and 315 ms, respectively in comparison to bare Bi2S3 nanostructures (similar to 655 ms and 678 ms). The present results demonstrate CdS-Bi2S3 heteroarchitecture as a potential candidate for future optoelectronic device applications.1 aBankar, Prashant, K.1 aPawar, Mahendra, S.1 aPawbake, Amit, S.1 aWarule, Sambhaji, S.1 aLate, Dattatray, J.1 aMore, Mahendra, A. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/spatially-branched-cds-bi2s3-heteroarchitecture-single-step-hydrothermal-synthesis-approach02025nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245012200055210006900177260000800246300001100254490000800265520107100273653002501344653002401369653000901393653001401402100002501416700002601441700002801467700002601495700002301521700002401544700002301568700002501591856013101616 2022 eng d a0921-510700aEnhanced field emission behaviour from ethylene glycol mediated synthesis of 2D hexagonal SnS2 disc with nanoparticle0 aEnhanced field emission behaviour from ethylene glycol mediated  cOCT a1158650 v2843 a

Herein, octahedron and stacked 2D hexagonal disc - like nanostructures of SnS2 were obtained by hydrothermal and ethylene glycol mediated hydrothermal methods, respectively. Attempt has been made to shade light on the plausible growth mechanism. Liquid phase exfoliation followed by centrifugation process leads to presence of tiny single crystalline SnS2 nanoparticles (similar to 5 nm) on the hexagonal discs over C substrate, characterized by preferred growth along {001} direction. The observed Raman shift and enhanced intensities of A(1g) and E-g modes infer charge interactions between the SnS2 disc and C substrate. Interestingly, the SnS2-C emitter exhibited superior field emission (FE) behaviour due to the unique morphology, excellent charge transfer, and reduced work function (similar to 4.1 eV). Here the extraction of large current density of similar to 1137 mu A/cm(2) at an applied field of 3.72 V/mu m, with good emission current stability. The present strategy is beneficial to design architectured morphology for multi-functionality.

10a2D layered materials10aField Emission (FE)10aSnS210aSnS2 on C1 aMutadak, Pallavi, R.1 aChaudhari, Nilima, S.1 aGadhave, Dattatraya, C.1 aRajput, Parikshit, K.1 aKolekar, Sadhu, K.1 aLate, Dattatray, J.1 aMore, Mahendra, A.1 aWarule, Sambhaji, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/enhanced-field-emission-behaviour-ethylene-glycol-mediated-synthesis-2d-hexagonal-sns2-disc