02288nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245005500055210005500110260011000165300001400275490000700289520142600296653003001722653002701752653002101779653002901800653001601829653002301845100002001868700001901888700001801907700002001925856008901945       2012                        eng d  a0376-471000aCarbon dioxide capture by metal organic frameworks0 aCarbon dioxide capture by metal organic frameworks  aDR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIAbNATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIRcSEP  a1223-12300 v513 a<p>The design and synthesis of functionalized metal organic framework materials (MOFs) for reversible physisorption of CO2 is discussed. This strategy of CO2 adsorption in MOFs requires less energy for regeneration than materials relying on chemisorption. As a result the MOFs have received considerable attention as sorbent materials for strategic gases such as CO2 and H,. In this review, we have discussed different MOFs and hybrid materials containing MOFs which can adsorb CO2 at room temperature. In order to achieve high adsorption capacity, fast CO2 adsorption-desorption and low energy requirement for regeneration are necessary. Several avenues for increasing the CO2 adsorption capacity of such materials, for instance, introduction of open metal sites and the use of ligand molecules with specific functionalities (like -OH or -NH2) have been described. It has been observed that CO2 loading capacity of MOFs increases with functionalization. Herein, we have discussed how N-containing and fluorinated MOFs are designed to achieve higher CO2 loading than their non-functionalized counterparts. Nanocarbons (e.g. carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibres, etc.) are porous materials and a blend of these porous materials with porous MOFs or porous carbon derived from MOFs may act as a better adsorbate than even the pure materials. Enhancement of CO2 loading by nanocarbon-MOF hybrid material is also discussed.</p>10aCarbon dioxide adsorbents10aCarbon dioxide capture10ahybrid materials10aMetal organic frameworks10aNanocarbons10aPorous nanocarbons1 aSaha, Subhadeep1 aChandra, Suman1 aGarai, Bikash1 aBanerjee, Rahul  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/carbon-dioxide-capture-metal-organic-frameworks-002972nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260011000244300001400354490000600368520200200374100001602376700002202392700001802414700002102432700002202453700002002475700002002495700002102515700003202536700002202568856012802590       2012                        eng d  a1744-683X00aCompetition between gelation and crystallisation of a peculiar multicomponent liquid system based on ammonium salts0 aCompetition between gelation and crystallisation of a peculiar m  aTHOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLANDbROYAL SOC CHEMISTRYcFEB  a3446-34560 v83 a<p>An exemplar competition between gelation and crystallisation phenomena was examined with an unusual synergistic multicomponent (organo) gelator solution (MGS), which consists of a well-defined methanolic solution of (1R, 2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane L-tartrate containing 2.4 equiv. of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The optimal composition of the MGS was determined through meticulous solubility, gelation and structural studies, which support a transient gelation mechanism based on the kinetic self-assembly of the tartrate salt driven by hydrogen-bonding interactions, involving ammonium nitrogen donors and hydroxyl oxygen acceptors, and electrostatic interactions. The hydrochloric acid is involved in the solubilisation of the salt through an ionic dissociation-exchange process, which ends up with the formation-precipitation of (1R, 2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane dihydrochloride. As a consequence, an irreversible destruction of the gel takes place, which indicates the metastable nature of this phase that cannot be accessed from the thermodynamically equilibrated state. Gelation of a variety of oxygenated and nitrogenated solvents with moderate polarity occurred efficiently using extremely low MGS concentrations at low temperatures, and the gel phase was confirmed by dynamic rheological measurements. Several features make the described MGS unique: (1) it is a multicomponent solution where each component and its stoichiometry play a key role in the reproducible formation and stabilization of the gels; (2) it is formed by simple, small, and commercially available chiral building blocks (dissolved in a well-defined solvent system), which are easily amenable for further modifications; (3) the gelation phenomenon takes place efficiently at low temperature upon warming up the isotropic solution, conversely to the typical gel preparation protocol; and (4) the formed organogels are not thermoreversible despite the non-covalent interactions that characterize the 3D-network.</p>1 aKapoor, Iti1 aSchoen, Eva-Maria1 aBachl, Jurgen1 aKuehbeck, Dennis1 aCativiela, Carlos1 aSaha, Subhadeep1 aBanerjee, Rahul1 aRoelens, Stefano1 aMarrero-Tellado, Jose, Juan1 aDiaz, David, Diaz  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/competition-between-gelation-and-crystallisation-peculiar-multicomponent-liquid-system-0