02434nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245013600055210006900191260000900260300000800269490000700277520149200284653001601776653001201792653002001804653001701824653001501841653001401856100001501870700001801885700002001903700002101923700002801944700002301972700002601995856012302021       2025                        eng d  a0301-485100aComprehensive in vitro and in silico assessment of eugenol glycoconjugates against azole and amphotericin B resistant Rhizopus spp.0 aComprehensive in vitro and in silico assessment of eugenol glyco  cJUN   a5890 v523 a<p>
	Background Rhizopus spp. is a major cause of mucormycosis, a severe infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality. Treatment is challenging due to rising antifungal resistance. Glycosylation is a crucial technique for enhancing the properties of phenolic compounds like eugenol. The present study aims to examine the antifungal efficacy of eugenol glycoconjugates against azole and amphotericin B-resistant Rhizopus isolates. Methods and results Out of 50 soil samples, 12 isolates belonging to Mucorales were obtained, of which 7 were identified as Rhizopus spp. via 18S ITS sequencing. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AST) revealed that all Rhizopus isolates were resistant to amphotericin B (MIC &gt; 1 mu g/mL). Most isolates also showed resistance towards posaconazole (MIC &gt; 1 mu g/mL) and itraconazole (MIC &gt; 2 mu g/mL). AST of eugenol glycoconjugate (coded 6g) showed efficacy against resistant Rhizopus isolates, with MIC values ranging from 6.25 mu g/mL to 25 mu g/mL. Flow cytometry confirmed its fungicidal activity, correlating with MIC data. Compound 6g significantly reduced conidial germination within 24 h and exhibited no cytotoxicity on A549 lung cancer cells. In-silico analysis revealed a negative binding affinity of compound 6g for the spore coat protein CotH3, which could be a potential antifungal target. Conclusion Compound 6g could be an potential antifungal molecule against resistant Rhizopus spp, which requires further studies.</p>
10aAntifungals10aEugenol10aGlycoconjugates10aMucormycosis10aResistance10aVirulence1 aSen, Pooja1 aGupta, Lovely1 aChauhan, Aastha1 aGoswami, Lakshmi1 aBhattacharya, Asish, K.1 aSengupta, Abhishek1 aVijayaraghavan, Pooja  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/comprehensive-vitro-and-silico-assessment-eugenol-glycoconjugates-against-azole-and