02050nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245008700055210006900142260000800211300001200219490000700231520134100238653002701579653001301606653002001619653001701639653001501656100002601671700002301697856011201720 2024 eng d a2062-249X00aContinuous flow ozonolysis of cardanol for greener synthesis of bio-based monomers0 aContinuous flow ozonolysis of cardanol for greener synthesis of  cJUN a417-4260 v143 a

Synthesis of bio-based monomers via continuous flow ozonolysis of cardanol using a simple tubular reactor is demonstrated. The direct ozonolysis of cardanol produces unique monomer 8-(3-hydroxyphenyl) octanal (HPOA) and heptanal along with several other oxidation products. Maximum 47% yield of HPOA with 54.3% conversion of cardanol was obtained at 0 degrees C in 9 s. The complete conversion of cardanol was obtained at the ozone to cardanol molar flow ratios greater than 2 at all temperatures varied in the range of -10 degrees C to 20 degrees C. Owing to large gas-liquid ratios, the mass transfer limitation for transfer of ozone from gas to liquid was negligible; however, the extent of axial dispersion in the liquid phase was significant at lower liquid flow rates. The non-ideal behavior was incorporated in the axial dispersion model to predict the conversion of cardanol. Examination of kinetic rates by both ideal plug-flow model and plug-flow with axial dispersion model revealed that the reaction is fast and is least influenced by the axial-dispersion in the reactor at prevailing operating conditions. The findings of the current study show that continuous flow technique enables a simple and safer synthesis of high-value bio-based monomers via ozonolysis of cardanol compared to traditional batch methods.

10aAxial-dispersion model10aCardanol10acontinuous flow10aHelical coil10aOzonolysis1 aKulkarni, Sphurti, P.1 aKulkarni, Amol, A. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/continuous-flow-ozonolysis-cardanol-greener-synthesis-bio-based-monomers02182nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260000800226300001100234490000800245520148200253653001701735653001401752653001201766653002401778653002501802100002601827856012301853 2024 eng d a0961-953400aSupercritical water hydrolysis of cellulose: State-of-the-art of green depolymerisation technique0 aSupercritical water hydrolysis of cellulose Stateoftheart of gre cMAY a1071820 v1843 a

Bio-refinery is a critical infrastructure to facilitate the fullest energy extraction from the pivotal energy resource biomass. Hydrolysis of the most abundant biomass constituent biopolymer cellulose to produce cello-oligomers and glucose is a critical step for the efficient production of various chemicals and fuels. Supercritical water hydrolysis (SCWH) of cellulose has emerged as the promising greener technology for the production of glucose and simple sugars. Glucose production by SCWH enables the process integration or cascading for the production of various biofuels, bioenergy, bio-based chemicals, and various bio-products, necessary for the impeccable success of cellulosic biomass-based bio-refinery. Starting from the unique interaction of cellulose and supercritical water, this minireview provides an insight into the various aspects of the SCWH of cellulose including mechanism, reaction pathways, product distribution, process optimization, and kinetic modelling. The batch reactors are simple reactor configurations for such high pressure and temperature; however, continuous flow reactors are essential for better control over process conditions and for an efficient process. With more understanding of reaction mechanism and product distribution, heat and mass transfer conjugation with reaction rates and design of high-pressure equipment, an efficient completely green process can be developed for cellulose and such biopolymer hydrolysis.

10aBio-refinery10acellulose10aglucose10aSupercritical water10aUltra-fast reactions1 aKulkarni, Sphurti, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/supercritical-water-hydrolysis-cellulose-state-art-green-depolymerisation-technique02143nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260000800227300001200235490000700247520126500254653003301519653003501552653003001587653002901617100002801646700002301674700002601697700002401723700002301747856013101770 2025 eng d a1083-616000aConfined impinging jet reactor for high-throughput continuous flow mononitration of salicylic acid0 aConfined impinging jet reactor for highthroughput continuous flo cJAN a479-4890 v293 a

Novel approach is reported for highly efficient continuous mononitration of salicylic acid using confined impinging jet reactor (CIJR) with a vent. Initially, controlled semibatch reactions are optimized to achieve complete conversion and formation of mononitro products with very high selectivity for 5-nitrosalicylic acid (5-NSA). Further, the combination of computational fluid dynamics simulations and experiments is employed to optimize CIJR design and operating flow conditions, suitable to yield only mononitro products with excellent control over mixing, heat transfer, and liberation of fumes during continuous flow reaction. Detailed analysis of internal flow patterns, rate of heat generation, and concentration distribution inside the CIJR facilitated the optimization of present exothermic reaction in a safe manner. In less than a minute, complete salicylic acid (SA) conversion with good yield and better selectivity for 5-NSA is achieved using the CIJR. Safety and clogging issues are addressed effectively, even at a relatively lower mole ratio (1:5) of SA:acetic acid (AcOH). The present approach is quite scalable using the numbering-up strategy, with advantages viz. nonfouling, high throughput, and the small footprint of CIJR.

10acomputational fluid dynamics10aconfined impinging jet reactor10ahigh-throughput synthesis10asalicylic acid nitration1 aKhan, Muzammilanwar, S.1 aShaikh, Tabrez, R.1 aKulkarni, Sphurti, P.1 aPatil, Abhishek, A.1 aKulkarni, Amol, A. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/confined-impinging-jet-reactor-high-throughput-continuous-flow-mononitration-salicylic-acid