02487nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260000900249300001400258490000600272520153800278653002001816653002001836653003501856653002101891653001401912100002501926700002001951700001901971700002301990700001902013700002002032700003102052856012602083       2024                        eng d  a2637-610500aEnhancing the crystallization kinetics and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) blends for 3D printing application0 aEnhancing the crystallization kinetics and mechanical properties  cMAY   a5754-57620 v63 a<p>
	3D printing of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends has been attempted to resolve issues such as inherent brittleness and slow crystallization rate of PLA. However, a persistent challenge remains in the form of phase separation or gradual migration of the blended soft polymer or plasticizers. To simultaneously enhance the miscibility of the blends and toughness of 3D-printed parts, a triblock copolymer PLA-PEG-PLA was synthesized and blended with PLA in varying proportions (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt %). Blending only 10-20 wt % low molecular weight PLA-PEG-PLA into PLA yielded a miscible blend that showed a 45-fold increase in elongation at break and a 23-fold enhancement in toughness over neat PLA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of fractured cross sections revealed a brittle to ductile transition in 3D-printed PLA/PLA-PEG-PLA samples. Isothermal crystallization studies and data analysis using the Avrami equation showed an enhancement in the crystal growth rate and overall rate of crystallization. The blends achieved half of their crystallinity in approximately 3 min, a significant improvement over the 9 min required by PLA alone. This underscores the efficiency of our approach. This was also evident in the spherulite growth of 3D-printed PLA and mPLA blends when examined using polarized optical microscopy (POM). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report exploring the use of blends that include PLA and low molecular weight PLA-PEG-PLA triblock copolymers for 3D printing applications.</p>
10aCrystallization10aFFF 3D printing10aPLA-PEG-PLA triblock copolymer10apoly(lacticacid)10atoughness1 aKothavade, Premkumar1 aYadav, Prashant1 aGopal, Animesh1 aPol, Harshawardhan1 aKafi, Abdullah1 aBateman, Stuart1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/enhancing-crystallization-kinetics-and-mechanical-properties-polylactic-acid-blends-3d00906nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260000800214490000700222653002300229653001800252653002300270100002900293700002600322700002100348700002000369700001900389700002000408700003400428700001800462700001900480700001900499856012200518       2024                        eng d  a1613-681000aEntropy-driven reversible melting and recrystallization of layered hybrid perovskites0 aEntropydriven reversible melting and recrystallization of layere  cNOV0 v2010ahybrid perovskites10aphotodetector10areversible melting1 aRajput, Parikshit, Kumar1 aSalunkhe, Parashurama1 aSarma, Manmayuri1 aBasu, Meghasree1 aGopal, Animesh1 aJoshi, Aprajita1 aShingote, Ajinkya, Sundarnath1 aSaha, Surajit1 aRahman, Atikur1 aNag, Angshuman  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/entropy-driven-reversible-melting-and-recrystallization-layered-hybrid-perovskites02859nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245013900055210006900194260000800263300001600271490000700287520198900294100002102283700001902304700001902323700001902342700001802361700002802379700003102407700002002438700003002458856012902488       2025                        eng d  a2050-748800aHighly moisture-stable ferroelectric ammonium phosphate salt showing piezoelectric energy harvesting and rotation sensing applications0 aHighly moisturestable ferroelectric ammonium phosphate salt show  cJUL  a22574-225820 v133 a<p>
	Ferroelectric phosphate-based materials are known for their biocompatibility, dipole switching, and high thermal stability. In this context, we report a novel organic ferroelectric material, diisopropylammonium bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (DIPABNPP), crystallizing in the monoclinic C2 space group. DIPABNPP exhibits a high second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency 2.5 times higher than that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). The ferroelectric nature of DIPABNPP was confirmed by the observation of a rectangular P-E hysteresis loop, which gave a saturated polarization value of 6.82 mu C cm-2. The ferroelectric polar domains of DIPABNPP, along with the bias-dependent amplitude butterfly and phase hysteresis loops, were visualized by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). Furthermore, the polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) composites of DIPABNPP enabled the fabrication of humidity-resistant piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) with energy harvesting and mechanical-electrical sensing capabilities. The top-performing 10 wt% DIPABNPP-PDMS device achieved a peak output voltage of 9.5 V and a charge storage efficiency of 81.8%, successfully powering 53 LEDs. Additionally, its rapid response time of 18.5 ms enables precise rotation sensing capabilities, suggesting potential applications in motion monitoring, such as revolution per minute (RPM) counting. We also present a unique and refined method for obtaining the output work efficiency (OWE) parameter, which quantifies the ratio of harvested electrical energy to the maximum elastic energy stored in the composite device, taking into consideration several key parameters during the PENG measurements. For the 10 wt% DIPABNPP-PDMS composite, an OWE of 13.1% was achieved, highlighting both its current performance and potential for optimization. This metric provides a standardized approach for evaluating PENGs, addressing a critical gap in assessing mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency.</p>
1 aKushwaha, Vikash1 aPrajesh, Neetu1 aGopal, Animesh1 aSahoo, Supriya1 aDeswal, Swati1 aKirana, Antonysylvester1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan1 aZareba, Jan, K.1 aBoomishankar, Ramamoorthy  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/highly-moisture-stable-ferroelectric-ammonium-phosphate-salt-showing-piezoelectric-energy06096nas a2200217   4500008004100000245005000041210005000091260000800141490000700149520545000156100001805606700001905624700001805643700002005661700002105681700001805702700002305720700003105743700001905774856008505793       2025                        eng d00aUltrabroad near infrared emitting perovskites0 aUltrabroad near infrared emitting perovskites  cJAN0 v643 a<p>
	<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Phosphor converted light emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) have revolutionized solid-state white lighting by replacing energy-inefficient filament-based incandescent lamps. However, such a pc-LED emitting ultrabroad near-infrared (NIR) radiations still remains a challenge, primarily because of the lack of ultrabroad NIR emitting phosphors. To address this issue, we have prepared 2.5 % W</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif;">4+</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">-doped and 2.8 % Mo</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif;">4+</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">-doped Cs</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif;">2</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Na</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif;">0.95</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Ag</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif;">0.05</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">BiCl</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif;">6</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">&nbsp;perovskites emitting ultrabroad NIR radiation with unprecedented spectral widths of 434 and 468 nm, respectively. Upon band-edge excitation, the soft lattice of the host exhibits broad self-trapped exciton (STE) emission covering NIR-I (700 nm), which then nonradiatively excites the dopants. The&nbsp;</span><img alt="mathematical equation" class="fallback__image" src="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/cbbb8722-f036-4e98-91f1-f78348f240a5/anie202415003-math-0001.png" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-style: none; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">&nbsp;–donor ligand Cl</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif;">−</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">&nbsp;reduces the energy of dopant&nbsp;</span><i style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">d–d</i><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">&nbsp;transitions emitting NIR-II with a peak at ~950 nm. Vibronic coupling broadens the dopant emission. The large spin-orbit coupling and local structural distortion might possibly enhance the dopant emission intensity, leading to an overall NIR photoluminescence quantum yield ~40 %. The composite of our ultrabroad NIR phosphors with biodegradable polymer polylactic acid could be processed into free-standing films and 3D printed structures. Large (170</span><img alt="mathematical equation" class="fallback__image" src="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/62119a49-ef5d-4b17-a727-798978412727/anie202415003-math-0002.png" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-style: none; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">&nbsp;170 </span><img alt="mathematical equation" class="fallback__image" src="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/3d2c08c0-4ab8-436a-bc69-603df5328723/anie202415003-math-0003.png" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-style: none; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, icomoon, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">&nbsp;), robust, and thermally stable 3D printed pc-LED panels emit ultrabroad NIR radiation, demonstrating NIR imaging applications.</span></p>
1 aSaikia, Sajid1 aGopal, Animesh1 aRathod, Radha1 aJoshi, Aprajita1 aPriolkar, K., R.1 aSaha, Surajit1 aSantra, Pralay, K.1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan1 aNag, Angshuman  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ultrabroad-near-infrared-emitting-perovskites02707nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260000900237300001400246490000600260520184600266653002002112653002002132653006402152653001402216653001202230100001902242700002002261700002302281700003102304856013002335       2025                        eng d  a2637-610500aUpcycling of postconsumer recyclate polypropylene into low warping and high toughness 3D printable filaments0 aUpcycling of postconsumer recyclate polypropylene into low warpi  cJUN   a7373-73810 v73 a<p>
	Polypropylene (PP) is widely used in commodity applications owing to its chemical stability, mechanical properties and low cost. However, almost 50% of the produced PP ends up as postconsumer waste (PCW) within a short period of usage. Being a non-biodegradable polymer, recycling PCW PP is important to mitigate plastic waste in landfills. Nonetheless, recycling or upcycling postconsumer recyclate (PCR) PP into valuable resources without deterioration in physical and mechanical properties is a challenge. This report presents an approach to upcycle PCR polypropylene (rPP) into high quality 3D printing filament that not only prints with very low warpage but with significantly high elongation at break and toughness. Incorporation of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) along with maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) in specific proportions led to a significant enhancement in mechanical properties, miscibility, crystallization behavior, and 3D printability. rPP/PBAT blends with 20 wt % PBAT and 10 wt % MAPP exhibited a 62-fold enhancement in elongation at break over rPP (from 1.88 to 118.29%) and a 72-fold increase in toughness (from 2 to 143.60 kJ/m3) with almost similar tensile strength. The final printed components had better layer adhesion and structural stability with a dramatic decrease in warpage, from 25.82% for pristine rPP to only 7.86% for rPP/PBAT blend. Isothermal crystallization studies and data analysis using the Avrami equation showed that crystallization half-time (t 1/2), which measures the duration needed for half of the total crystallinity to form, increased from 12.6 s for rPP to 66 s for the rPP/PBAT blend. This report demonstrates an approach to upcycle PCR PP, a positive step toward realizing the goals of circular economy and sustainable additive manufacturing.</p>
10aCrystallization10aFFF 3D printing10apolypropylene/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)blends10atoughness10awarpage1 aGopal, Animesh1 aPatil, Prashant1 aPol, Harshawardhan1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/upcycling-postconsumer-recyclate-polypropylene-low-warping-and-high-toughness-3d-printable02302nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260000800237300001400245490000700259520147700266653002001743653002001763653003701783653001401820653001401834653001201848100001901860700001801879700003101897856013201928       2026                        eng d  a0032-388800aLow warping and high toughness recycled high density polyethylene for fused filament fabrication 3D printing0 aLow warping and high toughness recycled high density polyethylen  cJUN  a4390-44020 v663 a<p>
	The incorporation of recycled polymers in additive manufacturing offers a sustainable pathway to reduce plastic waste while enabling cost-effective production of functional components. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is an attractive material for 3D printing owing to its low density, chemical resistance, and recyclability. However, its high crystallinity and tendency to shrink often lead to warpage and poor interlayer adhesion. This study proposes a blend-based strategy to overcome these limitations by incorporating tough linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) into recycled HDPE (rHDPE). The blends were prepared through melt extrusion, and their mechanical, rheological, morphological, and thermal properties, and 3D printability were comprehensively evaluated. rHDPE/LLDPE blends showed a remarkable improvement in elongation at break (from 3.2% to 84.7%) and toughness without compromising tensile strength. Addition of LLDPE led to a moderate reduction in the crystallinity of rHDPE/LLDPE blends (from 69% to 52.5%) but a significant reduction in the warpage of 3D printed samples (from 27% to 7.6%). Rheological and morphological analyses confirmed good miscibility and uniform phase distribution in the blends, with increasing LLDPE content enhancing complex viscosity and melt elasticity. Overall, the rHDPE/LLDPE blends exhibit superior mechanical performance and reduced warpage, establishing their potential for FFF 3D printing applications.</p>
10aCrystallization10aFFF 3D printing10ahigh-density polyethylene blends10aRecycling10atoughness10awarpage1 aGopal, Animesh1 aChaubal, Aman1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/low-warping-and-high-toughness-recycled-high-density-polyethylene-fused-filament-fabrication02056nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245009200055210006900147260000800216300001400224490000700238520127500245653001601520653002801536653001401564653000901578100001801587700001601605700001901621700001901640700003101659856012401690       2026                        eng d  a0969-023900aSimple two-step gelation process to strengthen 3D printed carboxy methyl cellulose gels0 aSimple twostep gelation process to strengthen 3D printed carboxy  cMAR  a2015-20300 v333 a<p>
	Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a water-soluble cellulose ether that is widely utilized in hydrogel applications due to its exceptional water absorption and biocompatibility. This study reports a simple two step strategy to make mechanically robust CMC gels without any additional chemical crosslinkers and how it could be leveraged to strengthen 3D printed CMC gels. These hydrogels, prepared through acid-induced gelation followed by freeze-thawing, exhibited a compressive modulus of 12.4 +/- 0.92 kPa and a compressive strength of 491.0 +/- 18.1 kPa. They could be leveraged for strengthening 3D printing hydrogels of intricate shapes by direct ink writing. Small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) tests indicated an order of magnitude higher storage modulus for freeze-thawed gels (FC) as compared to only acid-induced CMC gels (HCMC). Nonetheless, stress relaxation experiments revealed that FC, as well as HCMC gels, relax at similar time scales. FC gels exhibited clear birefringence under crossed polarizers, indicating molecular ordering that is consistent with the presence of ordered/crystalline domains. Such ordered domains likely contribute to the higher elastic modulus and compressive strength observed in FC gels as compared to HCMC gels.</p>
10a3D printing10aCarboxymethyl cellulose10acellulose10aGels1 aRajput, Tejas1 aSathe, Asmi1 aGopal, Animesh1 aSharma, Aakash1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/simple-two-step-gelation-process-strengthen-3d-printed-carboxy-methyl-cellulose-gels