02339nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245017000055210006900225260000800294300001600302490000700318520139900325653001401724653001901738653001901757653001501776653001701791653001301808653001301821100002301834700001901857700002301876700002201899700002901921856011101950       2023                        eng d  a2190-681500aEtherification of biomass-derived glycerol to oxygenated fuel additives using dodecatungstophosphoric-silica-supported catalyst: characterization and kinetic studies0 aEtherification of biomassderived glycerol to oxygenated fuel add  cNOV  a16285-162950 v133 a<p>
	Commercial biodiesel production is becoming popular due to its sustainability and reduced greenhouse gas emissions in comparison to fossil fuels. Biodiesel production involves the co-generation of crude glycerol that is not directly viable. Valorization of glycerol is essential from techno-economic perspective to achieve goals of circular economy. In this study, the glycerol etherification was carried out using tert-butyl alcohol in presence of dodecatungstophosphoric/silica (DTP/SiO2) catalyst for production of tert-butyl glycerol ethers that can be used as fuel additives. A series of DTP/SiO2 catalysts were prepared with various compositions by impregnating heteropoly acids (HPA, H3PW12O40). The product analysis was performed to monitor mono-, di-, and tri-tert-butyl glycerol ethers. The kinetic studies were conducted based on Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The rate constants were determined from experimental data by regression analysis. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM/EDX, and thermogravimetric analysis. Varying DTP loadings resulted in different catalytic activities. Activation energy (38.23 kJ/mol), activation enthalpy (25.94 kJ/mol), activation entropy (-163.8 J/mol/K), and Gibbs free energy of activation (88.67 kJ/mol) were attained for DTP/SiO2 (20%) catalyst that exhibited the best selectivity for di-tert-butyl glycerol ethers.</p>
10aCatalytic10aetherification10afuel additives10aHinselwood10aImpregnation10akinetics10aLangmuir1 aMagar, Subhash, B.1 aKapoor, Ashish1 aJana, Sumit, Kumar1 aPal, Dan, Bahadur1 aRode, Chandrashekhar, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/etherification-biomass-derived-glycerol-oxygenated-fuel-additives-using