02399nas a2200301 4500008004100000245017300041210006900214260000800283300000600291490000700297520134600304653002601650653001101676653002501687653001601712653002801728100001701756700001901773700003301792700002001825700002001845700002301865700001801888700001801906700002201924700002001946856013101966 2023 eng d00aWhole genome sequencing and comparative genomics of Indian isolates of wheat spot blotch pathogen bipolaris sorokiniana reveals expansion of pathogenicity gene clusters0 aWhole genome sequencing and comparative genomics of Indian isola cJAN a10 v123 a

Spot blotch is a highly destructive disease in wheat caused by the fungal pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana (teleomorph, Cochliobolus sativus). It is prevalent in warm and humid areas, including Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the USA. In the present study, twelve isolates of B. sorokiniana were collected from wheat fields in three different geographical locations in India. The pathogenicity of seven sporulating isolates was assessed on `DDK 1025', a spot blotch-susceptible wheat variety under greenhouse conditions. The isolate `D2' illustrated the highest virulence, followed by `SI' and `BS52'. These three isolates were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq1000 platform. The estimated genome sizes of the isolates BS52, D2, and SI were 35.19 MB, 39.32 MB, and 32.76 MB, with GC contents of 48.48%, 50.43%, and 49.42%, respectively. The numbers of pathogenicity genes identified in BS52, D2, and SI isolates were 2015, 2476, and 2018, respectively. Notably, the isolate D2 exhibited a relatively larger genome with expanded arsenals of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs), CAZymes, secretome, and pathogenicity genes, which could have contributed to its higher virulence among the tested isolates. This study provides the first comparative genome analysis of the Indian isolates of B. sorokiniana using whole genome sequencing.

10aBipolaris sorokiniana10aCAZyme10acomparative genomics10aspot blotch10awhole genome sequencing1 aYadav, Sagar1 aRaazi, Zarrine1 aShivaraj, Sheelavanta, Matha1 aSomani, Deepika1 aPrashant, Ramya1 aKulkarni, Abhijeet1 aKumar, Rajeev1 aBiradar, Suma1 aDesai, Shreenivas1 aKadoo, Narendra uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/whole-genome-sequencing-and-comparative-genomics-indian-isolates-wheat-spot-blotch-pathogen02888nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260000800238300001400246490000700260520204600267653001602313653002002329653001902349653003102368653000802399653001602407653002202423653002102445100002202466700001702488856012902505 2024 eng d a0006-308800a Positive role of polyunsaturated fatty acids on sustainable crop production against salt stress: an overview0 aPositive role of polyunsaturated fatty acids on sustainable crop cJUN a1599-16100 v793 a

Abiotic stresses have become more severe and capricious due to global warming and varying climatic conditions, with increased temperature reducing the yield of important agricultural crops due to high evapotranspiration, resulting in the increased amount of soil salinization in arid and semi-arid areas, which has become a significant threat that restricts agricultural practices and leads to the overexploitation of cultivation land. One of the crucial environmental elements limiting plant development and yield is salinity. The special effects of salt stress on the superiority of numerous crops have yet to be discovered. Under salinity, plants tend to activate multiple physiological and biochemical mechanisms to overcome the stress by altering their morphology, photosynthesis, water relations, and biochemical adaptations, such as the antioxidative metabolism response and trigger polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which act as a biomarker for salinity stress. With the help of PUFAs, which have become popular as all-purpose defenders, decorative techniques have been created to prevent the consequences of saline. The most prevalent PUFAs in plants are those with 18 carbons, specifically 18:1 (oleic), 18:2 (linoleic), and 18:3 (alpha-linolenic) acids which operate as glycerolipids, a source of energy and carbon in triacylglycerol, precursors of numerous bioactive chemicals, stores of extracellular barrier components, and intrinsic antioxidants, modulating cellular membranes and enhancing crop quality and yield. However, limited information about PUFAs and their roles in enhancing crop stress tolerance is available. Therefore, producers and breeders must understand salinity's influence on crop composition to enhance fatty acids under salinity conditions. However, brief work has been reported; this review will help comprehend the role of fatty acids in salinity for food security through the genetic engineering of synthetic genes encoding fatty acids to improve crop stress tolerance and grain quality.

10aCuticle wax10aMembrane lipids10aphotosynthesis10aPolyunsaturated fatty acid10aROS10asalt stress10aSensing mechanism10astress tolerance1 aSrivastava, Smita1 aYadav, Sagar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/positive-role-polyunsaturated-fatty-acids-sustainable-crop-production-against-salt-stress02422nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245010400055210006900159260000800228300000700236490000700243520157300250653002501823653003801848653001201886653002501898653001201923653003101935100001701966700001901983700002002002700002002022856012602042 2025 eng d a0137-588100aMetabolomic profiling unravels the role of sphingolipid pathways in spot blotch resistance in wheat0 aMetabolomic profiling unravels the role of sphingolipid pathways cJUN a670 v473 a

Spot blotch, caused by the soil- and air-borne fungal pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana, is a major threat to wheat production. The disease is reaching epidemic proportions in wheat-growing areas, particularly in South Asia, South America, Africa, and Australia. In India, over 25 million hectares of wheat-growing area is threatened by this disease. A systematic study of metabolites can provide insights into the molecular basis of this disease. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of B. sorokiniana inoculation on two wheat varieties, Chirya3 (resistant to spot blotch) and DDK1025 (susceptible to spot blotch). We performed time-course non-targeted metabolite profiling of the pathogen-inoculated and mock-inoculated plants using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Multivariate analysis was performed to construct a comprehensive statistical workflow, which led to the defined ``metabolomic phenotypes''. Modeling by Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structures-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed significant metabolites in responses of the resistant and susceptible varieties to pathogen inoculation. A total of 699 metabolites displayed significant variations during the progression of infection. B. sorokiniana-inoculated Chirya3 exhibited high levels of some metabolites, such as sphingolipids, cysteine, phenylalanine, shikimates, etc. The study revealed that sphingolipid pathways are critical in resistance mechanisms contributing to enhanced lignification and disease resistance in wheat.

10aCochliobolus sativus10aHigh-resolution mass spectrometry10aLC-HRMS10aMetabolite profiling10aOPLS-DA10aplant-pathogen interaction1 aYadav, Sagar1 aMaiti, Saborni1 aMundhe, Swapnil1 aKadoo, Narendra uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/metabolomic-profiling-unravels-role-sphingolipid-pathways-spot-blotch-resistance-wheat